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Uliana of Tver

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Grand Duchess of Lithuania from 1350 to 1377
In this name that followsEast Slavic naming customs, thepatronymic is Alexandrovna.
Uliana of Tver
Wedding of Uliana and Algirdas, miniature from theIllustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible (16th century)
Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania
Reign1350 – May 1377
Bornc. 1325
Died17 March 1391 (aged 65–66)
SpouseAlgirdas
Issue
HouseRurik
FatherAlexander of Tver
MotherAnastasia of Galicia
ReligionRussian Orthodox

Uliana Aleksandrovna[a] (c. 1325[2] – 17 March 1391)[3] was agrand duchess of Lithuania as the second wife ofAlgirdas.[4] She was the daughter ofAlexander of Tver and Anastasia of Galicia, daughter ofYuri I of Galicia.

Life

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After her father and eldest brother were murdered byÖz Beg Khan in 1339, Uliana was placed in care ofSimeon of Moscow, who married Uliana's elder sister Maria in 1347.[2]

In 1349,Algirdas, thegrand duke of Lithuania, sent an embassy to theGolden Horde, proposing to thekhan,Jani Beg, to form an alliance against Simeon of Moscow; this proposal was not accepted and the envoys, including Algirdas' brotherKarijotas, were imprisoned and held for ransom.[2] In 1350, Algirdas then concluded peace with Simeon and married Simeon's sister-in-law Uliana. She was the second Russian princess to marry Algirdas.[5] Simeon first asked for the opinion of MetropolitanTheognostus whether a Christian lady could be married off to apagan ruler. The same year, Algirdas' brotherLiubartas married Olga, daughter of Konstantin Vasilyevich ofRostov and niece of Simeon.[2]

Death and burial

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There are conflicting claims about Uliana's last years and her burial place. One account claims that Uliana became a nun under the name Marina in theMonastery of the Holy Spirit inVitebsk and was buried there.[6] Another claim, based on a silver plaque discovered during an 1810 construction, has it that she was buried in theCathedral of the Theotokos inVilnius.[7] TheNikon Chronicle recorded that she was a nun at theKiev Pechersk Lavra and was buried there.[8] The latest discovery was made during a restoration of theTransfiguration Church inPolotsk in March 2012. An inscription was found that recorded Uliana's death on the feast ofSaint Alexius, which is March 17 in Eastern Orthodoxy.[3][9] On December 5, 2018, Uliania of Tver was canonized by theUkrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church.[10][11]

Issue

[edit]

According to the research of Polish historian Jan Tęgowski, Uliana was frequently pregnant during her union with Algirdas, giving birth to eight sons and eight daughters in about 24 years, though other sources provide different data:[2]

It seems that the children, unlike children from Algirdas' first marriage withMaria of Vitebsk, were brought up in pagan culture.[2] Uliana's sonJogaila, and not Algirdas' eldest sonAndrei of Polotsk, inherited the throne and became the grand duke of Lithuania in 1377. Uliana, as dowager grand duchess, appeared in national politics and was involved in theLithuanian Civil War,[12] as well as an unsuccessful attempt to wed Jogaila with Sophia, daughter ofDmitry Donskoy, and convert him to Eastern Orthodoxy.[13][14] The plans failed when Jogaila converted toRoman Catholicism, marriedJadwiga of Poland, and was crowned as theking of Poland (jure uxoris) in 1386.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Lithuanian:Julijona iš Tverės,Russian:Юлиания Александровна,romanizedYulianiya Aleksandrovna;[1]

References

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  1. ^"О канонизации святой благоверной великой княгини Иулиании Александровны Тверской и Литовской — МузееМания" (in Russian). Retrieved2021-07-27.
  2. ^abcdefBaronas, Darius (2013-04-07)."LDK istorija: Algirdo antroji žmona Julijona – savo valandos sulaukusi našlė" (in Lithuanian).Savaitraštis „15min“.ISSN 1822-5330. Retrieved2013-04-19.
  3. ^abКалечиц, Инна Л. (2013-03-21).Исторические личности в граффити Полоцкой Спасо-Преображенской церкви(PDF).Музеефикация комплекса настенной живописи ХІІ-ХІХ вв. Спасо-Преображенского храма Евфросиньева монастыря в Полоцке (in Russian). Balarusian Republic Foundation for Fundamental Research. pp. 6–7. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2021-04-19. Retrieved2013-04-29.
  4. ^Mažeika, Rasa (1987)."Was Grand Prince Algirdas a Greek Orthodox Christian?".Lituanus.33 (4).ISSN 0024-5089. Archived fromthe original on 2011-06-07. Retrieved2007-09-06.
  5. ^Meyendorff, John (24 June 2010).Byzantium and the Rise of Russia: A Study of Byzantino-Russian Relations in the Fourteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. p. 145.ISBN 978-0-521-13533-7.
  6. ^"Свято-Духов женский монастырь" (in Russian). Vitebsk Diocese. Archived fromthe original on 2013-10-18. Retrieved2013-04-19.
  7. ^Narbutt, Teodor (2001).Lietuvių tautos istorija (in Lithuanian). Vol. 5. Mintis. p. 427.ISBN 9785417008269.
  8. ^Platonov, Sergey, ed. (1897).VIII. Летописный сборник, именуемый Патриаршею или Никоновскою летописью.Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles (in Russian). Vol. 11. p. 127.
  9. ^"Расшифровка надписей в Спасо-Преображенском храме" (in Russian). Novopolock.ru. Retrieved2013-04-29.
  10. ^Nikolsky, Evgeny (6 December 2018).О канонизации святой благоверной великой княгини Иулиании Александровны Тверской и Литовской (in Russian). Muzeemania. Retrieved2018-12-22.
  11. ^"О канонизации святой благоверной великой княгини Иулиании Александровны Тверской и Литовской — МузееМания" (in Russian). Retrieved2021-07-27.
  12. ^Koncius, Joseph B. (1964).Vytautas the Great, Grand Duke of Lithuania. Miami: Franklin Press. pp. 21–23.LCCN 66089704.
  13. ^Gieysztor, Aleksander (1998)."The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1370–1506".The New Cambridge Medieval History, c.1415–c.1500. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. p. 731.ISBN 0-521-38296-3.
  14. ^Kiaupa, Zigmantas; Kiaupienė, Jūratė; Kuncevičius, Albinas (2000).The History of Lithuania Before 1795. Vilnius: Lithuanian Institute of History. pp. 127–128.ISBN 9986-810-13-2.
Kingdom of Lithuania
House of Mindaugas (1236–1263)
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
House of Gediminids (1285–1440)
House of Jagiellon (1440–1569)
Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth
Elected (1569–1795)
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