TheUkrainiandiaspora comprisesUkrainians and their descendants who live outside Ukraine around the world, especially those who maintain some kind of connection to the land of their ancestors and maintain their feeling of Ukrainian national identity within their own local community.^[1] The Ukrainian diaspora is found throughout numerous regions worldwide including otherpost-Soviet states as well as inCanada and other countries such asPoland,^[2]the United States,^[3] the UK^[4][5] andBrazil.^[6]

The Ukrainian diaspora is found throughout numerous countries worldwide. It is particularly concentrated in otherpost-Soviet states (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Russia), Central Europe (the Czech Republic, Germany, and Poland), North America (Canada and the United States), and South America (Argentina and Brazil).

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After the loss suffered by the Cossack-Swedish Alliance underIvan Mazepa in theBattle of Poltava in 1709, some political emigrants, primarilyCossacks, settled inTurkey and in Western Europe.

In 1775, after the fall of theZaporozhian Sich to theRussian Empire, some moreCossacks emigrated toDobruja in theOttoman Empire (now inRomania), while others settled in Volga and Ural regions of the Russian Empire.

In the second half of the 18th century, Ukrainians from theTranscarpathian Region formed agricultural settlements in theKingdom of Hungary, primarily in theBačka andSyrmia regions. Both are now located in theVojvodina Region of theRepublic of Serbia.

In time, Ukrainian settlements emerged in the major European capitals, includingVienna,Budapest, Rome andWarsaw.

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In 1880, the Ukrainian diaspora consisted of approximately 1.2 million people, which represented approximately 4.6% of all Ukrainians, and was distributed as follows:

• 0.7 million in the European part of the Russian Empire
• 0.2 million inAustro-Hungary
• 0.1 million in the Asian part of the Russian Empire
• 0.1 million in the United States

In the last quarter of the 19th century due to the agrarian resettlement, a massive emigration of Ukrainians from Austro-Hungary to the Americas and from the Russian Empire to the Urals and Asia (Siberia andKazakhstan) occurred.

A secondary movement was the emigration under the auspices of the Austro-Hungarian government of 10,000 Ukrainians fromGalicia toBosnia.

Furthermore, due to Russian agitation, 15,000 Ukrainians left Galicia andBukovina and settled in Russia. Most of these settlers later returned.

Finally in the Russian Empire, some Ukrainians from theChełm andPodlaskie regions, as well as most of the Jews, emigrated to the Americas.

Some of those who left their homeland returned. For example, from the 393,000 Ukrainians who emigrated to the United States, 70,000 returned.

Most of the emigrants to the US worked in the construction and mining industries. Many worked in the US on a temporary basis to earnremittances.

In the 1890s, Ukrainian agricultural settlers emigrated first toBrazil andArgentina. However, the writings of Galician professor and nationalist DrJoseph Oleskiw were influential in redirecting that flow to Canada. He visited an already-established Ukrainianblock settlement, which had been founded byIwan Pylypiw, and met with Canadian immigration officials. His two pamphlets on the subject praised the United States as a place for wage labour, but stated that Canada was the best place for agricultural settlers to obtain free land. By contrast he was fiercely critical of the treatment Ukrainian settlers had received in South America. After his writings, the slow trickle of Ukrainians to Canada greatly increased.

Before the start of the First World War, almost 500,000 Ukrainians emigrated to the Americas. This can be broken down by country as follows:

• to the United States: almost 350,000
• to Canada: almost 100,000
• to Brazil and Argentina: almost 50,000

In 1914, the Ukrainian diaspora in the Americas numbered about 700,000-750,000 people:

• 500,000-550,000 in the US
• almost 100,000 in Canada
• approximately 50,000 in Brazil
• 50,000 in Argentina

Most of the emigrants to the Americas belonged to theGreek Catholic Church. This led to the creation of Greek Catholic bishops in Canada and the US. The need for solidarity led to the creation of Ukrainian religious, political, and social organisations. These new Ukrainian organisations maintained links with the homeland, from which books, media, priests, cultural figures, and new ideas arrived. Furthermore, local influence, as well as influence from their homeland, led to the process of a national re-awakening. At times, the diaspora was ahead of their time in this re-awakening.

Emigrants from the Transcarpathian andLemko regions created their own organisations and had their own separate Greek Catholic church hierarchy (theRuthenian Catholic Church). These emigrants are often considered to beRusyns or Ruthenians and are considered by some to be distinct from other Ukrainians. However, in Argentina and Brazil, immigrants from Transcarpathia and the Lemko Region did identify themselves as Ukrainians.

The majority of the Ukrainian diaspora in the Americas focused on obtaining independence and convincing outside powers to joinits war against the Soviets. The two nationalist governments which existed simultaneously;The Ukrainian People’s Republic, andThe West Ukrainian People’s Republic (whose more progressive government was exiled by the former) both sent delegates to the1919 Paris Peace Conference. An interesting note is the role the Ruthenians played to convince the American government about the inclusion of the Transcarpathian region into theCzechoslovak Republic in 1919.

In contrast, the Ukrainian diaspora in the Russian Empire, and especially in Asia, was primarily agrarian. After 1860, the diaspora was primarily located in the Volga and Ural Regions, while in the last quarter of that century, due to a lack of space for settlement, the diaspora expanded into WesternSiberia,Turkestan, theFar East, and even into theZeleny Klyn. In the 1897 census there were 1,560,000 Ukrainians divided as follows:

• In the European part of the empire: 1,232,000
  • In the Volga and Urals: 393,000
  • In the non-Ukrainian (ethnographically speaking) parts ofKursk andVoronezh Regions: 232,000
  • Almost 150,000 inBessarabia.
• In the Asian part of the empire: 311,000
  • In the Caucasus region: 117,000

In the next few decades, Ukrainian emigration to Asia increased (almost 1.5 million Ukrainians emigrated), leading to almost 2 million Ukrainians in the Asian part of the Russian Empire by 1914. Consequently, the Russian Empire had approximately 3.4 million Ukrainians. Most of this population was assimilated due to a lack of national awareness and closeness with the local Russian population, especially in religion.

Unlike the emigrants from Austro-Hungary, the Ukrainian emigrants in the Russian Empire did not create their own organisations nor were there many interactions with their homeland. The revolution of 1917 allowed the creation of Ukrainian organisations, which were linked with the national and political rebirth in Ukraine.

The First World War and theRussian Civil War led to the first massive political emigration, which strengthened the existing Ukrainian communities by infusing them with members from various political, scientific, and cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, some of these new emigrants formed Ukrainian communities in Western and Central Europe. Thus, new communities were created in Czechoslovakia, Germany, Poland, France, Belgium, Austria, Romania, and Yugoslavia. The largest was inPrague, which was considered one of the centres of Ukrainian culture and political life (afterLviv andKraków).

This group of emigrants created many different organisations and movements associated with corresponding groups in the battle for independence. A few Ukrainian universities were founded. Furthermore, many of these organisations were associated with the exiled Ukrainian government, theUkrainian People's Republic.

During the 1920s, thenew diaspora maintained links with now-Soviet Ukraine. A Sovietophile movement appeared, whereby former opponents of the Bolsheviks began to argue that Ukrainians should support Soviet Ukraine. Some argued that they should do so because the Soviet republics were the leaders of international revolution, while others claimed that the Bolsheviks' social and national policies benefited Ukraine. This movement includedMykhailo Hrushevskyi,Volodymyr Vynnychenko andYevhen Petrushevych. Many émigrés, including Hrushevskyi, returned and helped the Bolsheviks implement their policy of Ukrainianisation. However, the abandonment of Ukrainianisation, the return to collectivisation, and the man-made famine of 1932–33 ended Ukrainianisation.^[7] Most of the links were broken, with the exception of some Sovietophile organisations in Canada and the United States.^[8]

On the other hand, the Canadian and American diaspora maintained links with the Ukrainian community in Galicia and the Transcarpathian Region.

The political emigration decreased in the mid-1920s due to a return to Soviet Ukraine and a decline in students studying at the Ukrainian universities established outside of Ukraine.

In 1920 and 1921, many Ukrainians left Western Ukraine to settle in the Americas and Western Europe. Most of the emigrates settled in Argentina, Brazil,Uruguay,Paraguay, France, the UK and Belgium. The economic crisis of the early 1930s stopped most of this emigration. The emigration picked up again later in the decade. The number of emigrants can be approximated as:

• to Canada: almost 70,000 Ukrainians;
• to Argentina: 50,000 Ukrainians;
• to France: 35,000 Ukrainians;
• to the United States: 15,000 Ukrainians;
• to Brazil: 10,000 Ukrainians;
• to Paraguay and Uruguay: a couple of thousand Ukrainians.

Furthermore, many Ukrainians left the Ukrainian SSR and settled in Asia due to political and economic factors, primarily collectivisation and the famine of the 1930s.

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The Ukrainian diaspora, outside of the Soviet Union, was 1.7-1.8 million people:

• In the Americas:
  • In the United States: 700–800,000 Ukrainians
  • In Canada: 250,000 Ukrainians
  • In Argentina: 220,000 Ukrainians
  • In Brazil: 80,000 Ukrainians
• In Western and Central Europe:
  • In Moldova: approximately 360,000 Ukrainians
  • In Poland: 100,000 Ukrainians
  • In France: 40,000 Ukrainians
  • In Yugoslavia: 40,000 Ukrainians
  • In Czechoslovakia: 35,000 Ukrainians
  • In other countries: 15–20,000 Ukrainians

According to the Soviet census of 1926, there were 3,450,000 Ukrainians living outside of theUkrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, divided as follows:

• In the European part of the Soviet Union: 1,310,000 Ukrainians
  • 242,000 Ukrainians living on land neighbouring the Ukrainian ethnic territory
  • 771,000 Ukrainians in the Volga and Ural regions
• In the Asian part of the Soviet Union: 2,138,000 Ukrainians
  • 861,000 Ukrainians in Kazakhstan
  • 830,000 Ukrainians in Siberia^[9]
  • 315,000 Ukrainians in the Far East
  • 64,000 Ukrainians inKyrgyzstan
  • 33,000 Ukrainians in the Central Asian Republic
  • 35,000 Ukrainians in the Caucasus Region.

InSiberia, the vast majority of the Ukrainians lived in the Central Asian region and the Zeleny Klyn. On 1 January 1933, there were about 4.5 million Ukrainians (larger than the official figures) in the Soviet Union outside of the Ukrainian SSR, while in America there were 1.1-1.2 million Ukrainians.

In 1931, the Ukrainian diaspora can be counted as follows:

In the Ukrainian SSR, there were 25,300,278 Ukrainians.

After the Second World War, the Ukrainian diaspora increased due to a second wave of displaced persons. The 250,000 Ukrainians at first settled in Germany and Austria. In the mid-to-late 1940s and early 1950s, these Ukrainians were resettled in many different countries creating new Ukrainian settlements in Australia,Venezuela, and for a time inTunisia (Ben-Metir), as well as re-enforcing previous settlements in the United States, Canada^[10] (primarilyToronto,Ontario andMontreal,Quebec), Brazil (specially in theSouth andSoutheast regions), Argentina and Paraguay. In Europe, there remained between 50,000 and 100,000 Ukrainians that settled in the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

This second wave of emigrants re-invigorated Ukrainian organisations in the Americas and Western Europe. In 1967, inNew York City, theWorld Congress of Free Ukrainians was created. Scientific organisations were created. An Institute of Ukrainian Studies at Harvard University was also created.

An attempt was made to unite the various religious organisations (Orthodox and Greek Catholic). However, this did not succeed. In the early 1970s, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the United States and Canada and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Europe, South America, and Australia managed to unite. Most of the other Orthodox churches maintained some religious links. The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church had to wait until 1980 until its synod was recognised by theVatican. The Ukrainian Evangelical and Baptist churches also created an All-Ukrainian Evangelical-Baptist Union.

Post-Second World War, there was a strong net migration in the USSR. Most of the Ukrainian contingent that was leaving the Ukrainian SSR for other areas of the Union settled in places with other migrants. The cultural separation from Ukraine proper meant that many were to form the so-called "multicultural soviet nation". In Siberia, 82% of Ukrainian entered mixed marriages, primarily with Russians. This meant that outside the parent national republic and large cities in the Union there was little or no provisions for continuing a diaspora function. Thus Ukrainian literature and television could be found only in larger cities like Moscow. At the same time other signs of Ukrainian cultural heritage such as clothing and food were preserved. According to a Soviet sociologist, 27% of the Ukrainians in Siberia read Ukrainian printed material and 38% used the Ukrainian language. From time to time, Ukrainian groups would visit Siberia. Nonetheless, most of the Ukrainians did assimilate.

In Eastern Europe, the Ukrainian diaspora can be divided as follows:

• In Poland: 200–300,000 Ukrainians
• In Czechoslovakia: 120–150,000 Ukrainians
• In Romania: 100–150,000 Ukrainians
• In Yugoslavia: 45–50,000 Ukrainians.

In all these countries, Ukrainians had the status of a minority nation with their own socio-cultural organisations, schools, and press. The degree of these rights varied within the region. Yugoslavia granted Ukrainians the most rights.

The largest Ukrainian diaspora was in Poland. It consisted of those Ukrainians, which were left in the western parts of Galicia that after the Second World War remained in Poland and had not emigrated to the Ukrainian SSR or resettled, and those who were resettled to the western and northern parts of Poland, which before the Second World War had been part of Germany.

Ukrainians in Czechoslovakia lived in thePrešov Region, which can be considered Ukrainian ethnographic territory, and had substantial rights.^{[unbalanced opinion?]} The Ukrainians in the Prešov Region had their own church organisation.

Ukrainians in Romania lived in the Romanian parts of Bukovina and theMaramureş Region, as well as in scattered settlements throughout Romania.

Ukrainians in Yugoslavia lived primarily in Bačka and Srem regions of Vojvodina and Bosnia. These Ukrainians had their own church organisation as theEparchy of Križevci.

Of the countries where the Ukrainian diaspora had settled, only in Canada and the Soviet Union was information about ethnic background collected. However, the data from the Soviet Union is suspect and underestimates the number of Ukrainians. In 1970, the Ukrainian diaspora can be given as follows:

• In the Soviet Union: officially 5.1 million Ukrainians
  • In the European part: 2.8 million Ukrainians
  • In the Asian part: 2.3 million Ukrainians
• In Eastern Europe (outside of the Soviet Union): 465–650,000 Ukrainians
  • In Czechoslovakia: 120–150,000 Ukrainians
  • In Poland: 200–300,000 Ukrainians
  • In Romania: 100–150,000 Ukrainians
  • In Yugoslavia: 45–50,000 Ukrainians
• In Central and Western Europe: 88–107,000 Ukrainians
  • In Austria: 4–5,000 Ukrainians
  • In Germany: 20–25,000 Ukrainians
  • In France: 30–35,000 Ukrainians
  • In Belgium: 3–5,000 Ukrainians
  • In the United Kingdom: 50–100,000 Ukrainians
• In the Americas and Australia: 2.2-2.5 million Ukrainians:
  • In the US: 1.25-1.5 million Ukrainians
  • In Canada: 581,000 Ukrainians
  • In Brazil: 120,000 Ukrainians
  • In Argentina: 180–200,000 Ukrainians
  • In Paraguay: 10,000 Ukrainians
  • In Uruguay: 8,000 Ukrainians
  • In other American countries: 2,000 Ukrainians
  • In Australia andNew Zealand: 30,000 Ukrainians.

For the Soviet Union, it can be assumed that about 10-12 million people of Ukrainian (7-9 million in Asia) heritage lived outside the Ukrainian SSR.

After the independence of Ukraine in 1991, many Ukrainians emigrated to Western countries because of an economic depression in the 1990s.

Many Ukrainians live in Russia either along the Ukrainian border or in Siberia. In the 1990s, the number of Ukrainians living in Russia was calculated to be around 5 million.^[11] These regions, where Ukrainians live, can be subdivided into the following categories:

• The northern part ofSloboda Ukraine where Ukrainians have been living for centuries
• Siberian Ukrainians
• The rest of Russia, formed from systematic migration since the start of the 19th century.

Ukrainians can also be found in parts of Romania andSlovakia that border Ukraine.

The size of the Ukrainian diaspora has changed over time due to the following factors:

• Growth Factors
  1. New emigration from Ukraine
  2. Natural Growth
• Decrease Factors
  1. Returning of emigrants to Ukraine
  2. Assimilation

As of 2020, theEuropean Union was host of over half a million Ukrainian citizens, according to official records of residents collected byEurostat. About half of the Ukrainian citizens in the EU were located inItaly.^[12]

On 24 February 2022,Russia launched alarge-scale invasion of Ukraine, which has led tomillions of Ukrainian civilians moving to neighbouring countries. Most crossed into Poland, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic, and others proceeded to at least temporarily settle in Hungary, Moldova, Germany, Austria, Romania and other European countries.^[13] Amid the mobilization restrictions the number of illegal border crossess also grows every year, e.g. Romanian Head of the Territorial Inspectorate of the Border Police (ITPF) reported over 13,000 illegal immigrations happening in 2024.^[14]

Influence of the Ukrainian Diaspora on Global Politics

The Ukrainian diaspora has played a significant role in advocating for Ukraine’s sovereignty and independence, particularly in North America and Europe. Ukrainian communities in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom have actively supported political movements, such as the recognition of theHolodomor as genocide and aid to Ukraine during the ongoing war with Russia.

Cultural Preservation and Revival

Ukrainian diaspora communities have maintained their cultural identity through dedicated efforts in language preservation, religious institutions, and cultural organizations.Ukrainian language schools, churches, and festivals, such as the Toronto Ukrainian Festival and the Ukrainian Village in Canada, continue to strengthen ties to Ukrainian heritage and educate future generations about their ancestry.

In 2004, the Ukrainian diaspora was distributed as follows:

This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(May 2022)

According toINSEE, the Ukrainian population of France was 24,700 in 2017.^[235]

Italy has the biggest Ukrainian minority in Western Europe, accounting for more than 230,000 people.

This sectionshould include a summary ofUkrainians in Poland. SeeWikipedia:Summary style for information on how to incorporate it into this article's main text.(May 2018)

This sectionshould include a summary ofUkrainians in Portugal. SeeWikipedia:Summary style for information on how to incorporate it into this article's main text.(May 2018)

Ukrainians constituted the second-largest foreign community residing inPortugal, with 44,074 residents in 2012.

This sectionshould include a summary ofUkrainians in Russia. SeeWikipedia:Summary style for information on how to incorporate it into this article's main text.(May 2018)

As of 2021, there are 884,007 ethnic Ukrainians in Russia. They form the country's eighth-largest ethnic group.

InSerbia, there are 4,903 (0.08%) ethnic Ukrainians withSerbian citizenship according to the 2011 census.^[236] According to the 2002 census there were 5,354 (0.82%) and according to the 1991 census 5,042. Until 1971, Ukrainians andPannonian Rusyns were counted together.

According to official Spanish statistics, there are 112,728 Ukrainians in Spain as of late 2019, being the 11th biggest foreign nationality found in Spain.^[124]

List of notable British people of Ukrainian descent:

• Milton Shulman (1913–2004)
• Isidor Zuckermann (d. 1946)
• Stefan Kiszko (d. 1993), wrongfully convicted of murder, clerk
• Cary Cooper (born 1940), American-born British psychologist
• Vernon Bogdanor (b. 1943), scientist, historian
• Michael Grade (born 1943), television executive, businessman
• Marina Lewycka (1946–2025)
• Jenny Manson (born 1948), activist, author, former local politician, civil servant
• Rafail Turkoniak (born 1949), theologian
• Zoë Wanamaker (born 1949), American-British actress
• Alexander Beleschenko (born 1951), artist
• Richard Desmond (born 1951) publisher, businessman
• Cliff Lazarenko (born 1952)
• Mick Antoniw (b. 1954), Welsh politician
• Narisa Chakrabongse (RTGS: Naritsa Chakkraphong, born 1956), Thai publisher, author, environmental activist
• Oliver Letwin (born 1956), Member of Parliament
• Dmytro Morykit (born 1956), composer, pianist
• Lisa Beznosiuk (born 1956), musician
• Mykola Pawluk (born 1956), video editor
• Alexandra Shulman (born 1957), journalist
• Taras Kuzio (born 1958 ), academic, expert in Ukrainian political, economic and security affairs
• John Daszak, opera singer (debut atThe Royal Opera in 1996^[237] and has performed widely in Europe.^[238]
• Nicola Shulman (b. 1960) biographer, former model
• James Marquand (born 1964), movie editor and director
• Melinda Simmons, Ambassador of the United Kingdom in Ukraine (since 2019).
• Nick Clegg (born 1967), media executive, former politician
• Mark Pougatch (born 1968), journalist, author
• Charlotte Gainsbourg (born 1971), English-French actress, singer-songwriter.
• Gregory Rusedski (born 1973), tennis player
• Svitlana Pyrkalo (born 1976), journalist, writer
• Olga Kurylenko (born 1979), model, actress
• Natalie Lisinska (born 1982), actress
• Alexander Slabinsky (b.1986), tennis player
• Alexander Stafford (born 1987), politician
• Stepan Pasicznyk (b. 1963), translator, musician
• Alison King (born 1973), actress, model
• Vera Filatova (born 1982), actress
• Darren Dawidiuk (born 1987), rugby player
• Jack Lisowski (born 1991), snooker player
• Max Kilman (born 1997), footballer
• Callum Styles (born 2000), footballer

In 2016, there were an estimated 1,359,655 persons of full or partial Ukrainian origin residing in Canada (the majority being Canadian-born citizens), making themCanada's eleventh largest ethnic group. Canada therefore has the world's second-largest Ukrainian population outsideUkraine, afterRussia.^[239]

This sectionshould include a summary ofUkrainian Americans. SeeWikipedia:Summary style for information on how to incorporate it into this article's main text.(May 2018)

According to a 2006 government estimate, there were 976,314 Americans of Ukrainian ancestry.^[240]

• Shevchenko Scientific Society
• Ukrainian Association of Washington State
• Ukrainian Village, Chicago
• Ukrainian World Congress

• Based on the August 17, 2006 Ukrainian version of the article
• L Y Luciuk,Searching for Place: Ukrainian Displaced Persons, Canada and the Migration of Memory University of Toronto Press, 2001
• Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopaedia. - Toronto, 1971
• (in Ukrainian)Український Науковий Ін-т Гарвардського Ун-ту. Українці в американському та канадійському суспільствах. Соціологічний збірник, за ред. В.Ісаєва. - Cambridge, 1976
• (in Russian)Томилов И. Современные этнические процессы в южных и центральных зонах Сибири. //Советская Этнография, 4, 1978
• (in Ukrainian)Кубійович В. Укр. діяспора в СССР в світлі переписів населення // Сучасність, ч. (210). - Munich, 1978
• (in Ukrainian)Енциклопедія українознавства
• Ukrainian Otherlands. Diaspora, Homeland, and Folk Imagination in the Twentieth Century by Natalia Khanenko-Friesen. 2015. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 290 pages.ISBN 978-0-299-30344-0
• Ukrainian Otherlands: Diaspora, Homeland, and Folk Imagination in the Twentieth Century
• Journal of Folklore Research: JFR Review for Ukrainian Otherlands: Diaspora, Homeland, and Folk Imagination in the Twentieth Century

• Deniz, Ayla, and E. Murat Özgür. "The establishment of the Ukrainian diaspora in Turkey through migrant associations: 'We feel as part of the diaspora from now on'."Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 22.2 (2022): 243–261.online

• Drozdova, O. A. "Keeping the faith: Ukrainian immigrants and the formation of the Ukrainian Greek Orthodox Church of Canada."Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры 3 (41) (2013): 163–172.online in English
• Isajiw, Wsevolod W. "The Ukrainian Diaspora." inThe call of the homeland (Brill, 2010) pp. 289–319.
• Lapshyna, Iryna. "Do diasporas matter? The growing role of the Ukrainian diaspora in the UK and Poland in the development of the homeland in times of war." Central and Eastern European migration review 8.1 (2019): 51–73.online
• Satzewich, Vic.The Ukrainian Diaspora (Routledge, 2003).
• Tatar, Klavdia. "Helping the homeland in troubled times: Advocacy by Canada's Ukrainian diaspora in the context of regime change and war in Ukraine."Central and Eastern European Migration Review 9.2 (2020): 35–51.online

• Media related toUkrainian diaspora at Wikimedia Commons
• "Ukrainians abroad have a more developed sense of patriotism..."Zerkalo Nedeli (theMirror Weekly), November 27 – December 3, 2004. Available onlinein Russian andin Ukrainian^{[permanent dead link]}.
• Ukrainian diaspora in Canada and U.S.Archived 2014-12-09 at theWayback Machine
• Україна та українське зарубіжжя
• Encyclopedia of Ukraine
• Кобза українці Росії
• Home Ukrainian World Congress | Світовий Конґрес Українців
• Українці за кордоном
• Чисельність українців в США
• Оціночна чисельність українців по країнах світу і перелік мережевих майданів зарубіжжяArchived 2007-09-28 at theWayback Machine
• Українці в США - Ukrainians in USA
• Українці в Нью-Йорку - Ukrainians in New York
• The Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain, Edinburgh Branch
• Ukrainians in Bulgaria
• "Byku" - Youth Club of the Ukrainians in Bulgaria
• Ukrainian Institute in London
• Ukrainian Genealogical Research Bureau
• Ukrainian Genealogy and Family History | Library and Archives Canada
• Suggested List of Sources for the Study of Ukrainian Family History
• Top 10 countries of the Western Ukrainian diaspora on its population size and share(in Russian)
• Top 10 countries of the Eastern Ukrainian diaspora on its population size and share(in Russian)
• Population size and share of Ukrainians in top 10 European Union Member States(in Russian)
• Зав'ялов А. В. Соціальна адаптація українських іммігрантів : монографія / А. В. Зав'ялов. — Київ : Саміт-книга, 2020. — 180 с.

• Ukrainian diaspora
• Ukrainian-American history
• Foreign relations of Ukraine
• Ukrainian studies
• European diasporas

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