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Uberaba | |
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| Municipality of Uberaba | |
       From the top, left to right: Parque Ecológico Mata do Ipê (Mata do Ipê Ecological Park), The Japanese Clock at the former bus station,Archdiocese of Uberaba, Partial view of downtown, Museum of Sacred Art/Igreja deSanta Rita (Santa Rita Church), The city's first medical school (NowUFTM Campus Manoel Terra), and the old railway station ofPeirópolis. | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Motto: Indefesse pro Brasilia!(Latin) Unflagging for Brazil! | |
 Location in Minas Gerais | |
  Uberaba Localization of Uberaba in Brazil | |
| Coordinates:19°44′52″S47°55′55″W / 19.74778°S 47.93194°W /-19.74778; -47.93194 | |
| Country |  Brazil |
| Region | Southeast |
| State |  Minas Gerais |
| Founded | 2 March 1820 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Elisa Gonçalves de Araujo (2021) (SD) |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,529.7 km2 (1,748.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 823 m (2,700 ft) |
| Population (2025)[1] | |
• Total | 356,781 |
| • Density | 78.86/km2 (204.2/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−2 (BRST) |
| Postal Code | 38000-000 |
| Area code | +55 34 |
| HDI (2010) | 0.772 –high[2] |
| Website | www |
Uberaba (Portuguese pronunciation:[ubeˈɾabɐ]) is amunicipality in the state ofMinas Gerais,Brazil. It is located in theBrazilian Highlands at an elevation of 823 metres (2,700 ft) above sea level on the Uberaba River, and is situated 418 kilometres (260 mi) from the state capital,Belo Horizonte.[3] The city was granted its status in 1856 and derives its name from theTupi language, meaning "bright water".[4] As of 2022, the population was 337,836 inhabitants, making it the 7th-most populous city in Minas Gerais.
The history of Uberaba traces its origins back to 1810, when Captain Major Eustaquio founded a settlement near the ancientAnhanguera route, which was more commonly referred to back then as the "Goyazes road". This settlement served as a resting point for both locals and travelers who passed through or arrived there during the 19th century. Its strategic location and function as a crossroads prompted local farmers to engage in crop cultivation and cattle domestication for commercial purposes, leading to the establishment of a robust livestock network in the region.[5]
Initially a part of theCaptaincy ofGoias, the territory of Uberaba was incorporated into the Captaincy of Minas Gerais in 1816. It gained recognition as a parish in 1820 and was officially designated as a city in 1856.[6]
In 1889, the inaugural railway station was established due to the expansion of the Mogiana Railway from the neighboring municipality ofSacramento. The introduction of the railway system boosted the economy of Uberaba in the subsequent years.[7]
Currently, Uberaba is known for its lively livestock andagribusiness events. As an industrial hub, the city functions as a regional center for culture, commerce, and entertainment, hosting a diverse array of institutions, markets, and entertainment venues.[8]
The municipality includes the rural district ofPeirópolis, known for its paleontological site. This area features the Paleontological Research Center Llewellyn Ivor Price and a museum dedicated to local fossil discoveries.
On 27 March 2024, Uberaba gained recognition from UNESCO as aglobal geopark.[9]
Uberaba has aTropical climate (Aw) with an average annual temperature of 21.9 °C (71.4 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded was 40.2 °C (105.2 °F) in October, while the lowest recorded temperature was −2.2 °C (28.0 °F) in July.
Precipitation occurs on an average of 86 days per year, with the highest amount in December and the lowest in July.[10]
| Climate data for Uberaba (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 37.1 (98.8) | 36.5 (97.7) | 36.7 (98.1) | 35.1 (95.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.5 (90.5) | 33.7 (92.7) | 36.1 (97.0) | 39.2 (102.6) | 40.7 (105.3) | 38.6 (101.5) | 36.9 (98.4) | 40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.6 (87.1) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.0 (86.0) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.5 (81.5) | 28.0 (82.4) | 30.1 (86.2) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.8 (89.2) | 30.3 (86.5) | 30.1 (86.2) | 29.8 (85.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.6 (74.5) | 22.6 (72.7) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.1 (66.4) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.2 (73.8) | 24.2 (75.6) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.8 (74.8) | 22.3 (72.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.2 (66.6) | 17.5 (63.5) | 14.3 (57.7) | 13.1 (55.6) | 12.8 (55.0) | 14.1 (57.4) | 16.8 (62.2) | 18.5 (65.3) | 19.0 (66.2) | 19.6 (67.3) | 17.0 (62.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.0 (55.4) | 14.6 (58.3) | 10.0 (50.0) | 5.6 (42.1) | 2.6 (36.7) | −0.2 (31.6) | −2.2 (28.0) | 2.0 (35.6) | 0.8 (33.4) | 6.2 (43.2) | 10.2 (50.4) | 11.5 (52.7) | −2.2 (28.0) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 328.2 (12.92) | 228.3 (8.99) | 241.4 (9.50) | 94.9 (3.74) | 49.6 (1.95) | 21.9 (0.86) | 9.6 (0.38) | 14.6 (0.57) | 53.1 (2.09) | 130.9 (5.15) | 203.4 (8.01) | 282.2 (11.11) | 1,658.1 (65.28) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 18.3 | 14.8 | 16.1 | 7.0 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 5.3 | 8.5 | 13.1 | 17.3 | 108.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 78.1 | 76.4 | 77.2 | 72.5 | 70.2 | 67.1 | 59.9 | 50.8 | 54.4 | 61.4 | 71.0 | 76.6 | 68.0 |
| Averagedew point °C (°F) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 18.3 (64.9) | 15.4 (59.7) | 13.8 (56.8) | 12.2 (54.0) | 11.6 (52.9) | 14.0 (57.2) | 16.8 (62.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 19.9 (67.8) | 16.7 (62.1) |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 176.3 | 186.0 | 199.0 | 233.3 | 249.7 | 246.4 | 264.8 | 277.9 | 228.1 | 225.4 | 194.7 | 179.1 | 2,660.7 |
| Source 1:NOAA[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:National Institute of Meteorology (INMET)[12] | |||||||||||||
Uberaba is the primary municipality in theIntermediate Geographic Region of Uberaba.[13]
In 2021, theImmediate Geographic Region of Uberaba comprised 10 municipalities spanning an area of 14,281.652 km2 (5,514.17 sq mi).
The2022 Brazilian Census reported that Uberaba had a population of approximately 337,836 people, reflecting a 14% increase from the2010 census.[14] The population density was 74.68 people per square kilometer. Ethnically, 52.24% of Uberaba's population identified aswhite, 36.15% asmixed-race, and 11.21% asblack.[15]
Regarding household composition, 96.3% of the population lived in private households, while smaller percentages resided in non-institutionalized group quarters or were institutionalized.[16]
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Uberaba is an important grain producer in Minas Gerais, particularly known forcorn,soybean,coffee,cotton, andsugarcane. The city is also recognized for hostingExpozebu, one of the largestcattle fairs in the world, held annually since 1935.[17][18] From 2019 to 2024, Uberaba secured positions among the top 100 Brazilian cities with the highestagricultural production value, ranking 30th by 2024 according to the 2023 report from theMinistry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA).[19]
The service sector employs slightly over half of the city's population, followed by the manufacturing industry, and agriculture ranking third. The industrial sector encompasses various fields such as agribusiness, food processing, textile manufacturing, steel production, mining, chemical manufacturing, electronic devices, home appliances, and more.[20]
The chemical manufacturing sector is concentrated in the local industrial park, with processing plants operated by chemical companies, includingMosaic,FMC Corporation, Sipcam Nichino (UPL), andYara.[21] In 2021, the city ranked 62nd among the 100 largest economies in Brazil, with aGDP ofR$ 20.3 billion and a GDP per capita of R$59,943.[22]
In 2011,Petrobras selected Uberaba as the site for its UFN-5 (Nitrogen Fertilizer Unit 5), which was designed to connect to theGasbol pipeline and produce 1,500 metric tons ofammonia daily.[23] Construction of UFN-5 began in 2014 as part of thePAC-2, but was suspended in 2015 at 30% completion due to Petrobras' financial crisis, influenced byOperation Car Wash, and the company's redirection of resources topre-salt oil fields.[24][25] After listing the site for sale without a successful auction, the Government of Minas Gerais transferred it back to Uberaba in 2021 under a 20-year lease. In 2022, Atlas Agro signed a letter of intent to establish a sustainablenitrogen fertilizer facility at the location.[26]
Uberaba is recognized for housing a significant paleontological site in Brazil, boasting fossil records dating back approximately 80 to 66 million years, from theLate Cretaceous period.
The first paleontological discoveries in the territory were made by chance in 1945 when workers in the rural district of Peirópolis accidentally came across well-preserved fossils. Subsequently, paleontologistLlewellyn Ivor Price, associated with theNational Department of Mineral Production (DNPM), conducted extensive scientific research in the region from 1947 until 1974, withPeirosaurus being one of Price's early findings in the area of theSerra da Galga Formation.[27] The specimens collected during this period were later transferred to theMuseum of Earth Sciences inRio de Janeiro.[28]
In 1991, it was established in Peirópolis, the Paleontological Research Center Llewellyn Ivor Price, locally known as the Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas Llewellyn Ivor Price. Currently, the research center collaborates with various national and international research institutions, and serves as a hub for paleontology in Brazil, focusing on understanding the fossil fauna and environments of the Late Cretaceous in the region, maintaining its own technical team for fossil preservation.[29] As an integral part of the Research Center, The Dinosaur Museum aims to disseminate paleontological knowledge to the general public through interactive and educational exhibitions. The museum attracts an average of 100,000 visitors annually.[30]
In 2022, a geological survey identified 31geosites and sites in Uberaba.[31] Across the territory, over 10,000 prehistoric animal fossils have been documented, which includessauropods,theropods, andvelociraptors, along with various other specimens such as fishes, frogs,crocodyliforms, turtles, birds, mammals, mollusks, and the presence oftrace fossils.[32] Among the most notable discoveries is theUberabatitan, unearthed in 2004.[33]
Road access to Uberaba is provided byBR-050, connecting the city to the federal capitalBrasília andSão Paulo, as well as byBR-262, linking it to the state capital Belo Horizonte.
The railway system is managed by VLI Multimodal S.A., which operates the rail network linking the localintermodal terminal to the southeastern corridor ofFerrovia Centro-Atlântica. The corridor ultimately leads to thePort of Santos.[34]
Air access is provided byMário de Almeida Franco Airport.
Goiânia,Goiás,Brazil.
Hyderabad,Telangana,India.Ongole,Andhra pradesh,India.
Reynosa,Tamaulipas,Mexico.
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