Constitution Party | |
|---|---|
_logo.svg){kind=logo} | |
| Chairman | Justin Magill |
| Founded | 1990; 35 years ago (1990) (asU.S. Taxpayers' Party) 1999; 26 years ago (1999) (as Constitution Party) |
| Split from | Republican Party |
| Headquarters | 408 West Chestnut Street,Lancaster,Pennsylvania 17603 |
| Membership(2021) |  137,367[1] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-right[13] |
| Colors | Red,white andblue (national colors) Purple (de facto) |
| Senate | 0 / 100 |
| House of Representatives | 0 / 435 |
| State Governors | 0 / 50 |
| State upper chambers | 0 / 1,972 |
| State lower chambers | 0 / 5,411 |
| Other elected offices | 28[14] |
| Website | |
constitutionparty | |
TheConstitution Party, named theU.S. Taxpayers' Party until 1999, is anultra-conservativepolitical party in theUnited States that promotes areligiously conservative interpretation of theprinciples andintents of theUnited States Constitution. The party platform is based onoriginalist interpretations of the Constitution and shaped by principles which it believes were set forth in theDeclaration of Independence, theBill of Rights, the Constitution and theBible.
The party was founded byHoward Phillips, a conservative activist, after PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush violated his pledge of "read my lips: no new taxes". During the1992 and1996 presidential elections, the party sought to give its presidential nomination to prominent politicians includingPat Buchanan andRoss Perot, but was unsuccessful and instead selected Phillips as its presidential nominee in three successive elections.Michael Peroutka was given the presidential nomination in2004, followed byChuck Baldwin in2008 (although he faced opposition from multiple state affiliates),Virgil Goode in2012, Darrell Castle in2016,Don Blankenship in2020 andRandall Terry in2024.
In 2000,Rick Jore, a three-term Republican member of the Montana House of Representatives, became the first member of the party to hold a seat in a state legislature. He was defeated in the 2000, 2002 and 2004 elections; however, he was elected to a state legislature in 2006, the first Constitution Party candidate to be elected. In 2002, Greg Moeller became the first member of the party to win a partisan election. The Constitution parties of Minnesota andColorado have both achieved major party status once.
As of June 2024[update], the Constitution Party has 28 members who have been elected tocity council seats and othermunicipal offices across the United States.[14] In terms of registered members, the party ranks fifth among national parties in the United States.[15]
During the1988 presidential election, Republican nomineeGeorge H. W. Bush stated "read my lips: no new taxes" at the1988 Republican National Convention. However, Bush violated that pledge during hispresidency. Following the breaking of the no new taxes pledge,Howard Phillips announced that he would form athird political party called the U.S. Taxpayers' Party.[16]
Phillips formed his new party through the U.S. Taxpayers Alliance, an organization he had founded and which had affiliates in twenty-five states, using its mailing list to announce the formation of a new party.[17][18] Phillips also attempted to create a coalition with state affiliates of theAmerican Party, but was rejected.[19] The party was accepted into theCoalition for Free and Open Elections alongside theFreedom Socialist Party.[20] The party launched its first petition drive when Jack Perry started a campaign to appear on the 1991United States special election ballot in Pennsylvania.[21]
From January 25 to 26, 1997, the national committee of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party convened in Miami, Florida. During their meeting it was proposed to change the name of the party to either "Constitutional" or "Independent American", but the vote was tied 27 to 27 so U.S. Taxpayers' was retained as the party's name.[22] In March 1999, another name change was proposed, with American Independent, American Heritage, Constitutional, Independent American, and American Constitution as possible names, but it was unsuccessful.[23][24] On September 3, 1999, the national convention of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party was held and during it the name of the party was successfully changed to Constitution.[25] Every state affiliate of the party, except for Nevada and California, changed their names except for in Michigan where theMichigan Secretary of State denied the request.[26] The party is still called the U.S. Taxpayers' Party in Michigan as of 2022.[27]
In 1998, Patricia Becker, the U.S. Taxpayer's nominee for Minnesota state auditor, received over 5% of the popular vote giving the U.S Taxpayers' Party major party status in Minnesota. The party would later hold caucuses during the2000 presidential election.[28]
Members of the party sought to give its presidential nomination toRoss Perot orPat Buchanan during the1992 presidential election, but were unsuccessful.[29][30] In January 1992, Phillips was selected to serve as a tentative presidential candidate for the party until a more prominent candidate wanted the party's presidential nomination.[31]Albion W. Knight Jr. was later selected to serve as the party's tentative vice-presidential nominee.[32]
On April 15, Phillips announced that he would run for the presidency.[33] Phillips accepted the U.S. Taxpayers' Party's presidential nomination at its national convention inNew Orleans,Louisiana, which was held from September 4 to 5.[34][35] In the general election Phillips and Knight placed seventh with 43,400 votes.[36]
Following the 1992 presidential election, the U.S. Taxpayers' Party's had ballot qualified state affiliates in California, New Mexico, and South Carolina.[37]
In 1996, Phillips sent a memo to conservative Christian leaders includingJames Dobson, the head ofFocus on the Family, stating that anti-abortion candidates like Pat Buchanan,Alan Keyes, orBob Dornan were unlikely to become theRepublican presidential nominee and that they should instead support an anti-abortion third-party candidate.[38]
Phillips supported giving the presidential nomination of the U.S. Taxpayers' Party to Buchanan.[39] Tom Staley, Buchanan's campaign chairman in northern Texas, stated that Buchanan would consider accepting the party's nomination if it had ballot access in all fifty states.[40] Phillips was given the party's presidential nomination again at its national convention in San Diego, California, on August 17, 1996, andHerbert Titus was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.[41] In the general election Phillips and Titus placed sixth with 184,820 votes.[42]
In 2000, a schism occurred within the party, with those who advocated an explicitly religious party leaving to form theChristian Liberty Party, then known as the American Heritage Party.[43][44]
On February 15, 2000,Rick Jore, a member of theMontana House of Representatives who had attended the 1999 Constitution Party National Convention, announced that he was leaving the Republican Party and joining the Constitution Party.[45] Jore unsuccessfully sought reelection in 2000, and unsuccessfully attempted to win election to the Montana House of Representatives in 2002, and 2004, before winning election to the state house in 2006.[46][47]
On November 5, 2002, Greg Moeller became the first member of the Constitution Party to win a partisan election when he won election as aScott Township Trustee inHamilton County, Iowa, with only a write-in opponent.[48]
In 2006, theConstitution Party of Oregon disaffiliated with the national Constitution Party over disagreements regarding abortion policy. However, despite disaffiliating the Constitution Party of Oregon gave its presidential nomination to Baldwin during the 2008 presidential election. During the 2012 presidential election the party attempted to give its presidential nomination to Ron Paul, but he rejected it and Will Christensen was given the nomination instead. In 2013, the Constitution Party of Oregon affiliated with the Independent American Party.[49]
Unlike the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections, the U.S. Taxpayers' Party did not seek a prominent politician to give its presidential nomination to.[50] New Hampshire SenatorBob Smith announced that he was leaving the Republican Party on July 13, 1999, and briefly sought the presidential nomination of the Constitution Party before dropping out.[51][52]
On September 4, 1999, the party selected to give its presidential nomination to Phillips and its vice-presidential nomination toJoseph Sobran.[25] However, on March 31, 2000, Sobran resigned from the ticket due to conflicts between him being a columnist and vice-presidential nominee.[53] On September 2, Curtis Frazier was selected to replace Sobran as the party's vice-presidential nominee.[54] In the general election Phillips and Frazier placed sixth with 98,027 votes.[55]
On November 7, 2003,Michael Peroutka announced that he would seek the Constitution Party's presidential nomination and on the same day the party selected him to serve as the stand-in presidential candidate.[56] He won the presidential nominations of the American Independent andAlaskan Independence parties.[57] Peroutka was given the party's presidential nomination andChuck Baldwin was given the party's vice-presidential nomination.[58]
Chuck Baldwin andAlan Keyes sought the Constitution Party's presidential nomination during the2008 presidential election. At the party's national convention Baldwin defeated Keyes winning the party's presidential nomination and Darrell Castle was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.[59][60] Baldwin also received the presidential nomination of the Reform Party of Kansas.[61] In the general election they placed sixth with 199,880 votes.[62]
However, theAmerican Independent Party, which had been affiliated with the Constitution since 1991, split into two factions between supports of Baldwin and Keyes.[63][64] TheSecretary of State of California ruled that the presidential ticket of Keyes andWiley Drake had the nomination of the American Independent Party.[64][65] In the general election they placed ninth with 47,941 votes.[62]
On September 5, the Constitution Party of Montana submitted a list of presidential electors pledged toRon Paul for president andMichael Peroutka for vice-president. Paul was aware and that he would not object as long as he did not need to sign any declaration of candidacy.[66] However, Paul later wrote a letter to theSecretary of State of Montana asking for his name to be removed from the ballot as he was nominated without permission, but it was too late to remove his name from the ballot.[67] Paul also appeared on the ballot in Louisiana under the name "Louisiana Taxpayers Party" withBarry Goldwater Jr. as his vice-presidential running mate.[68] Paul later endorsed Baldwin for president.[69] In the general election he placed tenth with 47,512 votes.[62]
During the2010 Colorado gubernatorial election, theAmerican Constitution Party, the Constitution Party's affiliate in Colorado, gave its gubernatorial nomination toTom Tancredo. In the general election Tancredo received over 36% of the popular vote, more than the 10% required for major party status in Colorado.[70] During the campaign the American Constitution Party's voter registration doubled from 1,271 to 2,731 voters.[71] Major party status in Colorado gave the party the ability to appoint seventeen members to Colorado state boards and commissions, but the party suffered from complicated campaign finance reports and fines from errors and omissions in the reports which led to a negative bank account balance.[72][73]
On February 21, 2012,Virgil Goode, a former member of the United States House of Representatives who had served as a Democrat,independent, and Republican, announced that he would seek the Constitution Party's presidential nomination.[74] Goode won the nomination at the party's national convention which was held from April 18 to 21, 2012, in Nashville, Tennessee, and Jim Clymer was selected to serve as his vice-presidential running mate.[75] Goode was the first Constitution Party presidential nominee to have held elected federal or state office.[76] In the general election Goode and Clymer placed sixth with 122,417 votes.[77]
The Reform Party of Kansas gave its presidential nomination to Chuck Baldwin and its vice-presidential nomination to Joseph Martin as his vice-presidential running mate.[78] However, the party attempted to give its presidential nomination to Goode, but the attempt to change the nomination was rejected by the Kansas State Objections Board.[79][80]
In 2020, the Virginia, Idaho, South Dakota, and Alaska Constitution parties disaffiliated with the national Constitution Party and the Montana Constitution Party disbanded.[81] On April 14, the Constitution Party of Virginia's state committee voted to reaffiliate with the national Constitution Party, but was rejected by the national party on May 2.[82]
From October 18 to 19, 2019, a meeting of the Constitution Party's national committee was held.Don Blankenship served as a speaker at the meeting and announced his intention to run for the party's presidential nomination.[83] On May 2, 2020, Blankenship won the party's nomination at its virtual convention and William Mohr was selected to serve as the vice-presidential nominee.[84]
However, the Constitution parties of Virginia and New Mexico instead gave their presidential nominations to Sheila Tittle and the Virginia Constitution Party gave its vice-presidential nomination to Matthew Hehl.[85][86] The South Carolina Constitution Party chose to not run a presidential candidate during the 2020 presidential election.[87]
The party nominatedanti-abortion activistRandall Terry for president andStephen Broden for vice president.[88][89] Some state parties such asNevada andUtah rejected Terry's nomination and instead nominated convention opponentJoel Skousen.[90]
The party has sometimes been described as aspoiler for theRepublican Party.[91][92] There have been instances of theDemocratic Party helping Constitution Party candidates for this reason, such as by running ads for their nominee in the2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina,[93] or assisting Randall Terry, their nominee in the2024 presidential election, with ballot access and campaign promotion efforts.[94]
Multiple Republicans, including Bob Smith, Virgil Goode, Tom Tancredo,Ellen Craswell, Rick Jore, andCynthia Davis, have joined the Constitution Party.[95][96]
On April 2, 2002,Ezola Foster, who had served as theReform Party of the United States of America's vice-presidential nominee during the 2000 presidential election, left the Reform Party to join the Constitution Party. From 2002 to 2004, she served on the party's national committee.[97][98]
Jim Gilchrist, the founder of theMinuteman Project, ran for a seat in theUnited States House of Representatives fromCalifornia's 48th congressional district in a 2005special election. He was the nominee of the American Independent Party, when it was affiliated with the Constitution Party, and placed third with 26,507 votes (25.5%).[99][100] During the campaign, Gilchrist had raised more money than all of theDemocratic candidates combined.[101] Gilchrist's 25.5% was the highest percentage of the vote received for a third-party candidate in a United States House of Representatives election where both major parties participated since theA Connecticut Party received 26.3% inConnecticut's 1st congressional district in 1994.[102]
Jerome Corsi, who co-authored books with Gilchrist and Ohio Secretary of StateKen Blackwell, considered running for the Constitution Party's presidential nomination during the 2008 presidential election, but declined to seek the nomination.[103][104]Joe Miller, who ran as the Republican nominee in Alaska's2010 Senate election, considered running for the Constitution Party's presidential nomination during the 2016 presidential election, but later declined.[105][106]John Hostettler, who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1994 to 2006 as a Republican, also considered running for the party's presidential nomination in 2016.[107]
On November 18, 2010, Virgil Goode joined the national committee of the Constitution Party. Goode served as a speaker at the Constitution Party's national committee meetings in 2009 and 2012.[108] Goode later served as the party's presidential nominee during the 2012 presidential election.
| Year | RV.[109][110][111][112][113][1] | % | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | 247,995 | 0.3 |  |
| 1994 | 246,951 | 0.3 | nil% |
| 1996 | 306,900 | 0.4 | nil% |
| 1998 | 317,510 | 0.4 | nil% |
| 2000 | 348,977 | 0.4 | nil% |
| 2002 | 325,828 | 0.4 |  nil% |
| 2004 | 367,521 | 0.4 | nil% |
| 2008 | 438,222 | 0.4 | 0.1% |
| 2010 | 476,669 | 0.5 | nil% |
| 2012 | 77,918 | 0.1 | 0.4% |
| 2016 | 92,483 | 0.1 | nil% |
| 2018 | 105,668 | 0.1 | nil% |
| 2020 | 118,088 | 0.1 | nil% |
| 2021 | 137,367 | 0.1 | nil% |
The Constitution Party's 2016 platform supported retaining the Electoral College and was opposed to establishing a popular vote system to elect the president and vice president of the United States.[114]
The party believes that "it is our responsibility to be prudent, productive, and efficient stewards ofGod's natural resources".[115]
The party rejects thescientific consensus on climate change, saying that "globalists are using the global warming threat to gain more control via worldwide sustainable development". According to the party,eminent domain is unlawful because "under no circumstances may the federal government take private property, by means of rules and regulations which preclude or substantially reduce the productive use of the property, even with just compensation".[115]
In regards to energy, the party calls attention to "the continuing need of the United States for a sufficient supply of energy for national security and for the immediate adoption of a policy of free market solutions to achieve energy independence for the United States," and calls for the abolition of theDepartment of Energy.[116]
The party supports the repeal of theSixteenth Amendment, which allows Congress to tax income derived from interest, dividends, and capital gains, and theSeventeenth Amendment, which requires the direct (popular) election of Senators.[117] The party holds that each state's membership in the Union is voluntary,[118] a stance known as thecompact theory.
The Constitution Party's 2012 platform called for phasing outsocial security, and the 2016 platform states that "Social Security is a form of individual welfare not authorized in the Constitution".[119][114]
The 2012 platform supports reducing the role of the United States federal government through cuttingbureaucratic regulation, reducing spending, and replacing theincome tax with atariff-based revenue system supplemented byexcise taxes. The party also takes the position that the "imposition [...] of Federal income, payroll, and estate taxes [...] is an unconstitutional Federal assumption of direct taxing authority".[120] The party also supports the prohibition ofFractional-reserve banking[114] and the return to theGold standard saying quote "The Constitution forbade the States from accepting or using anything other than a Gold and Silver based currency"[114] as stated in the 2016-2020 platform.
The party opposeseuthanasia,suicide, andabortion, including in cases of rape and incest.[121] The party supports the right of states to administer thedeath penalty.[122]
The party opposes any government legislation to authorize or define marriage contrary to the Bible, and states that "The law of our Creator defines marriage as the union between one man and one woman".[123] It supports the right for local and state governments to "proscribe offensive sexual behavior" and rejects "the notion that homosexuals, transgenders [sic] or those who are sexually deviant are deserving of legal favor or special protection".[124] The party strongly opposes "adoption by homosexual singles or couples".
The party also opposespornography, believing that it is "a destructive element of society resulting in significant and real emotional, physical, spiritual and financial costs to individuals, families and communities," and distinguishable from the US citizen's "cherishedFirst Amendment right to free speech." While expressing its belief in the individual responsibility of citizens and corporations, the party maintains that government plays a "vital role" in establishing and maintaining the highest level of decency in America's community standards.[125]
The party opposes all government sponsorship, involvement in, or promotion ofgambling.[126] CitingArticle 1 Section 8 andAmendment 10, the party opposes federalanti-drug laws, while conceding that the federal government may have a role in limiting the import of drugs.[127]
The Constitution Party believes that charitable giving is most effective when conducted by private parties. Because the authority to administer charity has not been granted to the government in the Constitution, the party maintains that the government has no business being involved in such endeavors.[128] The party opposes federal restrictions on, or subsidization of, medical treatments.[129]
The party supports English as the official language for all governmental business, opposes bilingual ballots, and insists that those who wish to take part in the electoral process and governance of the U.S. be required to read and comprehend basic English as a precondition for citizenship.[130]
In 2009, theSouthern Poverty Law Center described the party as a "Patriot Group," a category of parties that "advocate or adhere to extreme anti-government doctrines".[131]
R. J. Rushdoony, a main figure inChristian reconstructionism, helped write the party's 1992 platform. The 1992 platform stated that "the U.S. Constitution established a republic under God, not a democracy". Christian reconstructionism has been influential in the Constitution Party and calls for the remaking of government and society according to Old Testament Biblical law.[132]
The preamble of the 2004 platform states that the Lordship ofChrist Jesus and the Bible are the final authority of law. It also stated that the purpose of the party was to restore American jurisprudence to its biblical and constitutional roots.[133]
The Constitution Party's 2012 platform supports anon-interventionist foreign policy. It advocates reduction and eventual elimination of the role the United States plays in multinational and international organizations such as theUnited Nations and favors withdrawal of the United States from most treaties, such asNATO,North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), theGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and theWorld Trade Organization. The party supportsprotectionist policies in international trade.
The party also believes in exercising atariff system to counteract the United States' increasingly negativebalance of trade.[134]
In 2012, the party opposed immigration to the United States without government permission, and soughtstricter controls on legal immigration. It demanded that the federal government implement an immigration policy disqualifying potential immigrants on grounds of ill health, criminality, low morals, or financial dependence, claiming that they would impose an improper burden on the United States. The party favored a moratorium on future immigration, with exceptions only for extreme cases of necessity, until federal welfare programs have been phased out and a better vetting program is in place.[130]
The party opposeswelfaresubsidies and other benefits to undocumented immigrants. It rejects the practice of bestowing U.S. citizenship on children born to illegal immigrant parents while in this country (jus soli), and flatly rejects any extension ofamnesty to undocumented immigrants. The Constitution Party additionally calls for the use of the United States military to enforce its strict immigration policy.
| Year | Presidential nominee | Home state | Previous positions | Vice presidential nominee | Home state | Previous positions | Votes | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 |  Howard Phillips |  Virginia | Chairman ofThe Conservative Caucus Candidate forMassachusetts's 6th congressional district (1970) Candidate forUnited States Senator from Massachusetts (1978) | Albion W. Knight |  Florida | Presiding Bishop of theUnited Episcopal Church of North America (1989–1992) | 43,369 (nil%) 0 EV (#7) | |
| 1996 | Howard Phillips | Virginia | (see above for previous positions) Nominee for President of the United States (1992) | Herbert Titus |  Oregon | Lawyer, writer | 184,656 (0.2%) 0 EV (#6) | |
| 2000 | Howard Phillips | Virginia | (see above for previous positions) Nominee for President of the United States (1992; 1996) | Curtis Frazier |  Missouri | Nominee for United States Senator from Missouri (1998) | 98,020 (0.1%) 0 EV (#6) | [135] |
| 2004 | Michael Peroutka |  Maryland | Lawyer Founder of the Institute on the Constitution | .jpg) Chuck Baldwin | Florida | Pastor, radio host | 143,630 (0.1%) 0 EV (#5) | |
| 2008 | Chuck Baldwin (campaign) | Florida | Nominee for Vice President of the United States (2004) |  Darrell Castle |  Tennessee | Lawyer | 199,750 (0.2%) 0 EV (#5) | [136] |
| 2012 |  Virgil Goode (campaign) | Virginia | Member of theVirginia Senate (1973–1997) Member of theUnited States House of Representatives fromVirginia's 5th district (1997–2009) | Jim Clymer |  Pennsylvania | Nominee forLieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania (1994;1998) Chair of the Constitution Party (1999–2012) Nominee forAttorney General of Pennsylvania (2000) Nominee for United States Senator from Pennsylvania (2004) | 122,388 (0.1%) 0 EV (#5) | |
| 2016 | Darrell Castle (campaign) | Tennessee[137] | Nominee for Vice President of the United States (2008) | Scott Bradley |  Utah | Nominee for United States Senator from Utah (2006;2010) | 203,069 (0.2%) 0 EV (#6) | [138][137] |
| 2020 | .jpeg) Don Blankenship |  West Virginia | Former CEO ofMassey Energy Republican candidate for U.S. Senate from West Virginia (2018) | William Mohr |  Michigan | Chairman of the U.S. Taxpayers Party of Michigan | 60,023 (nil%) 0 EV (#8) | [139] |
| 2024 |  Randall Terry (campaign) | Tennessee | Anti-abortion activist Candidate in the2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries |  Stephen Broden |  Texas | Pastor Republican candidate for U.S. House in Texas (2010) | 41,107 (nil%) 0 EV (#8) | [140] |
| 2024 (alternate) |  Joel Skousen | Utah | Survivalist and consultant fromUtah |  Rik Combs | Missouri | Businessman and 2020 Libertarian nominee for governor from Missouri | 12,783 (nil%) 0 EV (#8) | [140] |
| Election year | No. of overall votes | % of overall vote | No. of representatives | +/- |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 122,936 | 0.1 | 0 / 435 | |
| 2002 | 99,306 | 0.1 | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2004 | 132,613 | 0.2 | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2006 | 68,031 | 0.1 | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2008 | 136,021 | 0.1 | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2010 | 123,841 | 0.1 | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2012 | 118,102 | 0.1 | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2016 | 127,376 | 0.1 | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2018 | 74,956 | nil | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2020 | 82,567 | 0.1 | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| 2022 | 44,314 | 0.04% | 0 / 435 | 0 |
| General election results source:[141] | ||||
| Election year | No. of total votes | % of vote | No. of seats won |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 183,588 | 0.3 | 0 |
| 2000 | 286,816 | 0.4 | 0 |
| 2002 | 60,456 | 0.1 | 0 |
| 2004 | 404,853 | 0.5 | 0 |
| 2006 | 133,037 | 0.2 | 0 |
| 2008 | 240,729 | 0.4 | 0 |
| 2010 | 338,593 | 0.5 | 0 |
| 2012 | 140,636 | 0.2 | 0 |
| 2014 | 100,395 | 0.2 | 0 |
| 2016 | 93,315 | 0.1 | 0 |
| 2018 | 57,932 | 0.1 | 0 |
| 2020 | 110,851 | 0.1 | 0 |
| 2022 | 40,419 | 0.05 | 0 |
| General election results source:[142] | |||
| Office | Percent (%) | District | Year | Candidate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| President | 1.3 | Utah | 2008 | Chuck Baldwin |
| 1.2 | Alaska | 2016 | Darrell Castle | |
| 0.8 | Washington | 2016 | Darrell Castle | |
| US Senate | 5.7 | Utah | 2024 | Carlton Bowen |
| 5.7 | Utah | 2010 | Scott Bradley | |
| 5.2 | Oregon | 2008 | David Brownlow | |
| US House | 30.8 | North Carolina District 6 | 2024 | Kevin Hayes |
| 21.1 | Florida District 16 | 2002 | Jack McClain | |
| 16.9 | Alabama District 1 | 2010 | David M. Walter | |
| Governor | 36.4 | Colorado | 2010 | Tom Tancredo |
| 15.5 | Nevada | 1974 | James Houston | |
| 12.8 | Pennsylvania | 1994 | Peg Luksik |
Notes
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Generally, Patriot groups define themselves as opposed to the 'New World Order' or advocate or adhere to extreme anti-government doctrines. ... Listing here does not imply that the groups themselves advocate or engage inviolence or other criminal activities, or areracist.
Bibliography
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