One of the oldest clubs inSouthern Italy,[3] the original white-shielded club was established on 21 November 1908 by a group of local flour-mill and pasta-factory industrialists, with the support of members of Torre Annunziata’smiddle class. The club colors are white, the color of the raw material that dominated the local economy at the time—flour. The club’s badge is a stylised version of the coat of arms of theHouse of Savoy, and its home matches are played at the Alfredo Giraud Stadium. The official Savoia anthem is "L'inno al Savoia," written by F. Manfredi and D. Ausiello in 1933.[4][5]
In the1923–24 season Savoia were crowned champions of Central-Southern Italy[6] and competed in the final for the national title.[3] The club has taken part in five top-tier seasons prior to the introduction of theround-robin tournament[7] and four second-tier seasons, three of which were inSerie B.[8] Between 1944 and 1955 the club was known asTorrese.[9][10]
On 21 November 1908 a group of industrialists fromTorre Annunziata’s flour-milling and pasta-making sector foundedUnione Sportiva Savoia in the town. Ciro Ilardi became the first president,[11] while the founding members included Italo Moretti, Leonida Bertone and Willy Fornari, the latter also serving as the first coach.[12] The origin of the name remains uncertain. One theory links it to the battle cry of the Savoyard troops –Avanti Savoia! – with which several of the founders had fought for theRoyal House.[11][13] Another hypothesis is that it is a tribute to the ruling family.[11][13] A third claims the club was founded in theSavoia cinema-theatre in Torre Annunziata, whose name was then adopted.[11]
The club joined theFIGC in 1915[12] and made its official debut in the 1916Coppa Internazionale, finishing third alongsideNaples,Puteoli,Bagnolese and Internazionale.[14] During theGreat War it won the Campania third-category championship.[15] On 3 November 1919, after losing a play-off for promotion toPrima Categoria againstPro Caserta,[16] the club entered the Promozione championship, finishing third yet gaining admission to the1920–21 Prima Categoria following the enlargement of the leagues. During this period, Savoia merged with the town’s second team, Pro Italia,[17] and on 13 June 1920 the Campo Oncino was inaugurated.[17]
In its first two top-flight seasons the club failed to progress beyond the regional phase, finishing third and then second under coaches Alfredo Fornari and later Carlo Garozzo. Subsequently, under the ownership of theVoiello company, Savoia enjoyed its first and most successful golden era, winning three consecutive Campania regional titles,[18][19] the championship of Central-Southern Italy and contesting the1924 national finals againstGenoa.[20][21] Until then Central-Southern champions had always suffered heavy defeats against northern clubs,[22][23][24][25][26] but after an honourable 3–1 loss in the first leg, Savoia made history in the return leg by drawing 1–1 against Genoa, becoming the first Central-Southern club to remain unbeaten in a match against a northern side.[27] The coach during that three-year period was Raffaele Di Giorgio, assisted by Wisbar in the final two seasons. The line-up of the runners-up of Italy was: Visciano; Nebbia, Lobianco; Cassese, Gaia, Borghetto; Orsini, Ghisi I, Bobbio, Mombelli, Maltagliati.
Financial difficulties subsequently forced president Teodoro Voiello to relinquish control, effectively suspending the club’s national activity.[28] After the1926–27 Seconda Divisione, lost only in a play-off againstTerni,[29] the club was nevertheless promoted toPrima Divisione by theDirettorio Divisioni Superiori for sporting merit following the enlargement of the leagues.[30] The financial crisis worsened after an attempted match-fixing incident againstFiorentina, for which theFIGC imposed a 4,500-lire fine that led to bankruptcy[31] and a further one-year hiatus, compounded by the closure of the historic Campo Oncino. Following these events, the Campo Formisano was inaugurated in 1929.
From the 1930s – during the first half of which the club was known asFascio Sportivo Savoia – the team competed regularly inSerie C until the post-war period, except for the two-year spell of 1936–38 when it was renamed firstAssociazione Calcio Torre Annunziata[32] and thenSpolettificio Torre Annunziata.[33] Effectively a military side[33] composed mainly of players undertaking national service at the local barracks, it dominated its league, winning fourteen matches and drawing one in sixteen games to regainSerie C.[34] The signing ofEnrico Colombari, who ended his playing career in Torre Annunziata and started his coaching career there, helped the team earn second place in1938–39 behindFulvio Bernardini’sMATER; then, under coach Osvaldo Sacchi, the club achieved its best-everCoppa Italia result, reaching the round of 32 in 1939; later, with Ruggero Zanolla, it finished fifth in 1940–41 and third in 1942–43.
In 1944, for political reasons, the club abandoned both the Savoy coat of arms and the name Savoia, becoming firstIlva Torrese and thenUnione Sportiva Torrese.[9] During the final years ofWorld War II it participated in the 1944 Coppa della Liberazione[35] and the 1945 Campionato Campano,[36] finishing second and ninth respectively.[37] When league football resumed, Torrese placed fourth in1945–46 and, thanks to the withdrawals of Benevento and Gladiator, earned its first-ever promotion toSerie B.[38] Under president Carotenuto, coachDario Compiani and the attacking trio of Calleri, Ghezzi and Rossi, the team finished sixth in1946–47,[39] still the highest position achieved by the white-shielded club since the introduction of theround-robin tournament. With the reduction of the leagues, twelfth place in 1948 meant relegation toSerie C. From that year the club began to weaken, entering a slow decline that saw four relegations against just one promotion, culminating in bankruptcy in 1955, the same year the Campo Formisano – home to the whites for roughly a quarter of a century – was closed.
After the 1955 refounding the club reverted to its former nameUnione Sportiva Savoia, but the lack of a home ground and chronic shortage of funds ushered in a dark decade without significant successes. After years playing on fields across the province of Naples, the municipal stadium was finally inaugurated on 25 January 1962 and, two years later, the club was renamed theAssociazione Polisportiva Savoia. Under coachBruno Pesaola in the first year and the duoSpartano–Lopez in the second, the club won two consecutive championships and returned to Serie C in 1965. It failed to stay up, however, despite a respectable campaign that left it one point above the relegation zone with six matches remaining, only for six straight defeats to wipe out the advantage. Relegation followed after a 2–0 play-off loss toNardò.
Relegated again to Serie D, Savoia played four highly competitive seasons, finishing second twice – in 1967 a point behindGiuseppe Wilson’sInternapoli and in 1968 behindMatera – before winning the league in 1970 at the expense of historic rivalsTurris. After a solid first year back in Serie C, new financial problems triggered a double relegation; only D’Amelio’s intervention saved the club from bankruptcy. With Gioacchino Coppola as president, the team promptly returned to Serie D. Under businessman Franco Immobile the club enjoyed both economic stability and consistent results, culminating in a 1978 play-off for the newly createdSerie C2. Despite the defeat, theFIGC readmitted theOplontini due to their sporting merit, returning them to professional football. That year the club added the foundation year to its name, becomingAssociazione Calcio Savoia 1908. After two excellent fifth- and fourth-place finishes and one mid-table result, the team was relegated to theInterregionale in 1982, remaining there for eight consecutive seasons, six of which were under President Michele Gallo.
The acquisition by the Farinelli family laid the foundations for a new successful cycle that lasted until the new millennium. In 1989, under president Pasquale Farinelli, Savoia won promotion toSerie C2 after a season-long battle with Stabia, the first promotion in fifteen years. An inconsistent 1993 campaign forced another play-out, this time againstLicata. The Sicilians – who had reached the play-out after a draw withMonopoli later revealed to involve sporting fraud – won, but in the summer the Campanians were readmitted to professional football due to a series of bankruptcies in C1 and C2. The club retained its status until 1995. With the Farinellis’ departure and limited resources, new president Viglione entrusted the technical area to a youngLuigi De Canio, who secured the team's safety in his first year before winning promotion toSerie C1 in 1995, defeatingMatera 2–1 in the play-off final atFoggia’sZaccheria.
At the end of that season businessman Mario Moxedano purchased the club from Franco Salvatore and cleared its debts. The ambitious president invested heavily in the transfer market, bringing to Torre Annunziata players such asCarruezzo,De Rosa,Porchia,Marasco and Veronese, and succeeded in returning the club toSerie B after more than half a century. Promotion was narrowly missed in 1997 when Savoia lost the play-off final 1–0 toAncona. It was achieved in 1999: having qualified for the play-offs from the last available spot and starting as underdogs,Osvaldo Jaconi’s side first eliminatedPalermo in a double-legged semi-final and then local rivalsJuve Stabia 2–0 in the final atAvellino’sPartenio.
Despite Ghirardello’s 16 goals, the Serie B season was difficult, although it remains one of the most important post-war chapters in the club’s history: Savoia finished 19th and were relegated, yet recorded notable results such as home wins againstEmpoli andSampdoria (both 1–0), an away victory (3–1) againstSalernitana and draws againstNapoli at theSan Paolo andBrescia at theRigamonti. The following year in C1 Savoia again attempted to reach the second division but, after an explosive start and a historic 5–1 home win over an eventually promotedPalermo, missed the promotion play-offs only on head-to-head record againstAscoli.
At the end of the 2000–01 season president Moxedano announced the sale of the club to Sorrento businessman Antonino Pane, who quickly committed numerous financial irregularities, preventing registration for Serie C1 and causing bankruptcy. For these events Pane was later sentenced to six years in prison.[40]
Restarting fromEccellenza after merging with historic local clubInternapoli and taking the temporary nameIntersavoia for one season,[41] the club climbed back to Serie D, spending eight consecutive seasons there and losing three play-off finals between 2003 and2007.
Relegated to Eccellenza in the club’s centenary year, Savoia collapsed financially and withdrew mid-season,[42] suffering a second relegation in two years.
Refounded on 19 June 2010 by the directors of fellow city clubAtletico Savoia (then competing inPromozione), with the approval of the mayor and theultras, the club took the nameAssociazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Calcio Savoia and enrolled in the Promozione Campania for 2010–11.
On 17 February 2011 the club purchased at auction, held at the Court of Torre Annunziata, the historic trademarkAssociazione Calcio Savoia 1908,[43][44] which had been deposited after the 2001 bankruptcy.
By winning back-to-back Promozione and Eccellenza titles, as well as a regional Coppa Italia title,[45] the club returned to Serie D in 2012.[3]
Savoia in 2014–15, the club’s most recent season in Serie C
A new ownership group led by Avellino businessmen headed by Sergio Contino took over; after a mid-table season they sold their 70% stake to entrepreneur Lazzaro Luce,[46] who later acquired the remaining 30%.[47][48] On 17 April 2014 Savoia returned to the professional ranks after a thirteen-year absence.[49]
On 3 October 2014 the Luce family sold the club to theConsorzio Stabile Segesta led by Quirico Manca,[50] who first led the team to on-field relegation and then to a new bankruptcy, caused in part by exorbitant wages – never paid – to the 46 registered players,[51] resulting in expulsion from the national leagues.
Refounded through a merger betweenCampania andFutsal Oplonti,A.S.D. Oplonti Pro Savoia was formed, inheriting the white-shielded sporting tradition and enrolling in the 2015-2016 Eccellenza Campania.[52][53]
Under president Antonio Nuzzo,[54] on 30 August 2017 the club adopted the nameA.S.D. Savoia 1908[55][56] and won a second regional Coppa Italia,[57] setting the club record for goals scored in a single season (130)[58] and earning promotion to Serie D.
In July 2018 the club passed to Alfonso Mazzamauro and reverted to the historic nameU.S. Savoia 1908.[59] On 21 November of the same year the 110th anniversary was celebrated.[60] After two high-placed finishes (second and third), in July 2021 Mazzamauro transferred the sporting title elsewhere, causing the club to lose its right to compete in Serie D.[61] It restarted in Eccellenza thanks to the sporting title held by new president Pellerone,[62][63] who on 1 November 2022 transferred it free of charge to the supporters,[64] who in turn handed it to new presidentEmanuele Filiberto of Savoy. On 9 November he presented theCasa Reale Holding SpA project,[65] listed on theVienna Stock Exchange,[66] through which he acquired the club and became president on 23 November.[67]
In the summer of 2024 the club acquired the sporting title of A.S.D. Portici 1906 and thus registered for Serie D without sporting merit.
1926–1927 – 1st in Group C of the SouthernSeconda Divisione. 2nd in the Southern final group after losing a playoff.Promoted toPrima Divisione by the Federation.
1927–1928 – 7th in Group D ofPrima Divisione. Withdraws during the season, after twelve matchdays, due to severe financial problems caused by the Savoia-Fiorentina case, which led to the club's bankruptcy.
1929–1930 – 1st in Campania Group B of Terza Divisione. 1st in the Campania final group of Terza Divisione. Initially promoted to Seconda Divisione, lateradmitted by decree by the Federation to Prima Divisione.
1937–1938 – 1st in the Campania group of Prima Divisione.Promoted to Serie C.[69]
Wins the Coppa Campania.
Wins the Targa Capocci.
1944 – Changes its name toTorrese for political reasons.
1945–1946 – 4th in Group D of the Centro-Sud National League Serie C.Promoted to Serie B by the F.I.G.C. for having kept the club alive even during the war.
1947–1948 – 12th in Group C ofSerie B.Relegated to Serie C.
1950–1951 – 19th in Group D ofSerie C.Relegated to Promozione.
1955 – Returns to the nameU.S. Savoia.
1964–1965 – 1st in Group F of Serie D.Promoted to Serie C.
1965–1966 – 17th in Group C ofSerie C.Relegated to Serie D after losing a playoff.
1969–1970 – 1st in Group G of Serie D.Promoted to Serie C.
1970 – The club is awarded by the C.O.N.I. theSilver Star for Sporting Merit.
1971–1972 – 20th in Group C ofSerie C.Relegated to Serie D.
1977–1978 – 5th in Group G of Serie D.Promoted to Serie C2 for sporting merits despite losing a playoff.
1980 – The club is awarded by the C.O.N.I. theBronze Star for Sporting Merit.
1981–1982 – 16th in Group D of Serie C2.Relegated to the Campionato Interregionale due to head-to-head disadvantage againstSiracusa.
1989–1990 – 1st in Group M of the Campionato Interregionale.Promoted to Serie C2.
1992–1993 – 16th in Group C of Serie C2. Relegated to the Campionato Nazionale Dilettanti after losing the play-outs and subsequently repêchaged.
1994–1995 – 4th in Group C of Serie C2.Promoted to Serie C1 after winning the play-offs.
1996–1997 – 3rd in Group B of Serie C1. Loses the promotion playoff.
1998–1999 – 5th in Group B of Serie C1.Promoted to Serie B after winning the play-offs.
When U.S. Savoia was founded in 1908, the club colors were chosen to reflectTorre Annunziata’s economy, which was dominated by flour mills and pasta factories. White was chosen because it is the color offlour, the primary raw material.[11] The colour has remained in use ever since, with only a few exceptions. The first change occurred in May 1919, when U.S. Savoia played theTrofeo Corriere di Napoli wearing light-blue shirts.[70] White returned soon after, only to disappear again nearly twenty years later. During the 1937–38 Prima Divisione, the team played in light blue because the club had changed its name toSpolettificio Torre Annunziata.[71] At the end of the season, the white colors and the name U.S. Savoia were restored. The last time the club colors deviated from white was in the 1945 Campionato Campano, when light blue was worn again.[36] Although white is the official color, black shorts and/or socks have frequently been used and have alternated over the years.
The club’s first symbol was the coat of arms of theHouse of Savoy, used from the foundation in 1908 until 1930. From that year (after the name change toFascio Sportivo Savoia) until 1936 it was accompanied by thefasces and enclosed in a blue oval. In the 1937–38 Prima Divisione season the club was calledSpolettificio Torre Annunziata (being composed of soldiers from the local Royal Arms Factory) and adopted the artillery insignia as its crest. The following year the Savoy coat of arms returned, only to be abandoned in 1944 for historical-political reasons,[9] along with the name, which becameU.S. Torrese. No crest was used until 1955, when the club was refounded asU.S. Savoia and readopted the Savoy coat of arms. In 1978 a stylised shield was introduced, divided longitudinally: on the left a vivid red shield crossed in white, on the right the inscriptionA.C. SAVOIA 1908 in black on a white background, bordered by a brilliant gold frame withchiaroscuro highlights. This emblem has been essentially retained even after the 2015 refounding; the only changes have concerned the border (now black) and the wording on the right side, changed toOP SAVOIA.
In 1933 theInno al Savoia was composed – amarch with lyrics by Maestro F. Manfredi and music by Maestro D. Ausiello.[4][5] All trace of the anthem had been lost until 2010, when it was rediscovered in an old newspaper article;[4] with the original music and lyrics, it was rearranged and re-recorded.[4]
Interior of the Stadio Alfredo GiraudMain entrance of the stadium
The first playing field used by Savoia was called Campo Montagnelle. It measured fifty meters in length and almost thirty meters in width, with a surface that turned into quicksand on rainy days.[11]
On 13 June 1920 the Campo Oncino was inaugurated. Memorable matches were played there, including theSavoia–Genoa of 7 September 1924 for the awarding of thescudetto.
From the 1929–30 season the club moved to the new Campo Formisano, named after the family that provided the land. It measured 101 × 60 metres and held 5,000 spectators.[72] It effectively replaced the Campo Montagnelle.[73]
Savoia plays its home matches at the Stadio Alfredo Giraud, inaugurated in 1962 as theComunale. With a capacity of 12,750, in 1982 it was named after Alfredo Giraud – father of former players Raffaele, Michele and Giovanni[74] and vice-president of the 1924 runners-up of Italy.[17] Modernised in 1999 for the club’sSerie B promotion, it was renovated again in 2010 with the installation of latest-generation artificial turf.
Savoia is an association comprising a president, an honorary president, a vice-president, a secretary, a treasurer and ten directors. It was established in the summer of 2011.
The club's headquarters are located on Corso Umberto I. The following is a list of the official headquarters used by Savoia throughout its history:
Chronology of official headquarters
1908 – Cinema-TeatroSavoia, where the club was founded[75]
The club is a member of theOplontis Onlus non-profit consortium, which operates in the territory of the city ofTorre Annunziata with the aim of protecting minors and the most vulnerable sections of society.[104] On 2 October 2013, represented by its president Lazzaro Luce, the club joined the awareness campaign against violence towards women organised by the "Ferma il Femminicidio" group of Torre Annunziata.[105][106]
TheJuniores team became Italian champions in the 2004–05 season.[107] The Savoia youth sector comprises theAllievi,Giovanissimi,Esordienti,Pulcini andPrimi calci teams,[108] which compete in their respective regional championships. All youth teams play their home matches at the Stadio Alfredo Giraud inTorre Annunziata.
On several occasions members of theHouse of Savoy have paid tribute to the club for its sporting achievements.
During the1923–24 season, Savoia became the first team from central-southern Italy to avoid defeat against a northern side.[27] On more than one occasion the club and representatives of the royalHouse of Savoy have met. In 1999, following promotion toSerie B, PrinceVittorio Emanuele wrote a letter of congratulations to the club while he was still living in exile.[109] In 2003, after the Savoia family returned to Italy, news emerged that the Royal House wished to purchase the Savoyard coat of arms of the bankrupt A.C. Savoia 1908, which was held by the Torre Annunziata court and was up for sale for 50,000 euros.[110] In 2015, club officials met PrinceEmanuele Filiberto inMilan and presented him with the club's jersey.[111] That same year, the club's players attracted national attention when they chose to train in the public square in front of the Giraud stadium after several months of unpaid wages.[112] In autumn 2022, Naples'Direzione Investigativa Antimafia revealed that the club had been forced to pay apizzo of €130,000 to localCamorra clans in order to continue its sporting activities undisturbed.[113][114][115]
Savoia made their debut in the Italian top flight, then known asPrima Categoria, on 28 November 1920[191] in the Campania Group A: Savoia–Puteolana 1–1. Their last appearance at that level came on 24 May 1925[192] inLazio–Savoia 1–1.
In the top tier, Savoia contested five championships (all before the introduction of the single-group format), earning 95 points from 67 matches, with 41 wins, 13 draws and 13 defeats. They scored 148 goals and conceded 70, giving a points-per-game average of 1.42 – second only toPro Vercelli in the all-time ranking of the pre-single-group era.[193] Their best finish was second place in the1923–24 season.[22]
The club has participated in five second-tier championships, achieving one promotion in the pre-single-group era; their best post-Serie B result was sixth place in the1946–47 season, when they competed under the name Torrese.
They have taken part in 25 third-tier seasons (with four promotions), 22 fourth-tier seasons (five promotions) and 30 fifth-tier seasons (five promotions). The 2024–2025 season was the club's 102nd season.
The player with the most appearances in the white-shielded shirt is Giulio Negri with 266 matches; he also holds the record for most seasons played (13). The club’s all-time top league goalscorer is Giulio Bobbio, whileFrancesco Scarpa holds the overall goalscoring record with 50 goals. The single-season record is held by Salvatore Montaperto, who scored 35 goals in the 2011–12 Eccellenza Campania season.
Francesco Scarpa, Savoia’s all-time leading goalscorer
Given the relatively small population of its catchment area, the club's supporters are renowned for their consistently impressive attendance numbers. During the 1964 promotion play-offs to Serie D against Boys Caivanese, a crowd of 23,000 was recorded.[195] On 18 January 2012, theCoppa Italia Dilettanti semi-final againstGladiator drew 6,000 spectators – a figure rarely seen at that level of amateur football.[196]
A distinctive tradition among Savoia fans is the chant known as“bianchi alè”,[197][198] performed for many years at the end of every match, with the team gathering beneath thecurva to join the ultras in song.[197][198]
The Curva Sud houses several ultra groups, includingUltras Oplontini,[199]Vecchi Supporters 1986,Bronx 2004,Rione Carminiello 2004,[200] andUCS (Ultras Cani Sciolti). More recent additions includeBlack Lions (formed in 2022). Past groups includeGioventù Torrese,[198]Brigate Intifada,Falange Sudista,Morrison Group,Piranhas Group andSavoia Supporters.[201] The very first organised group remainsSavoia Club Fedelissimi A. Bellomo, founded in 1975.
Savoia fans are twinned with supporters ofAcireale[202] andEbolitana[203] – the latter dates back to 1985, making it the oldest bond of its kind. Friendly relations exist with the supporters ofPaganese[204] (both groups share a rivalry with Nocerina),Sarnese[205] andCatania[206] (established in 2001). In recent years a friendship has also developed with German clubArminia Bielefeld.[207] The twenty-year twinning withBenevento ended in 2016.[208]
The fiercest rivalries are withTurris[209] (due to geographical proximity; clashes reached a peak on 18 January 1998)[210][211][212] andNocerina[213][214] (during clashes in 1995 gunshots were fired).[215] The animosity with Nocerina is sometimes traced back to the famous brawl between Pompeian and Nocerian gladiators in theAmphitheatre of Pompeii in AD 59.[216]
Four city derbies have been played inTorre Annunziata. In the distant 1919–20 Promozione (the forerunner of today’sSerie B), Savoia twice defeated local rivals Pro Italia 1–0 and 3–0;[16] the latter club was soon absorbed by Savoia itself.[74]
The second and final city derby took place in the 1953–54 Promozione against Rovigliano, ending 0–0[233] and 4–3[234] in Savoia’s favour.
The most passionately contested fixture for Savoia supporters is the so-calledderby of the two towers[235] against Turris – a reference to the two neighbouring coastal towns ofTorre Annunziata andTorre del Greco. Other highly charged encounters include those with Juve Stabia (from nearbyCastellammare di Stabia), Nocerina, Cavese and Avellino, all of which are regularly monitored by theOsservatorio Nazionale sulle Manifestazioni Sportive.
^In particular, A.S.D. Campania Calcio (headquartered in the Neapolitan district of Ponticelli, registration number 933514) merged with A.S.D. Futsal Oplonti of Torre Annunziata (registration number 935415), giving birth to A.S.D. Oplonti Pro Savoia, registration number 943214, with headquarters in the town of Torre Annunziata.
^Offensive chants from the Savoia supporters directed at Vicenza fans, audible during the live television broadcast of the Savoia–Vicenza match shown on TELE+ Nero on the evening of Monday 17 January 2000
Ferrone, Eduardo (1979).Il calcio sui maccheroni [Soccer on macaroni]. Torre Annunziata: D'Amelio Editore.
Calvelli, Chrystian; Lucibelli, Giuseppe; Schettino, Raffaele (2000).Savoia storia e leggenda dall'Oncino al Giraud [Savoia: history and legend from Oncino to Giraud]. Gragnano: Stampa Democratica '95.
Almanacco illustrato del Calcio 1984 [Illustrated Football Almanac 1984]. Modena: Edizioni Panini s.p.a. 1984.
Tramontano, Elio (1984).Da Sallustro a Maradona 90 anni di storia del Napoli [From Sallustro to Maradona: 90 years of Napoli history]. Naples: Edizioni Meridionali.
Archivio Storico La Stampa dal 1867 on line [La Stampa Historical Archive from 1867 online]. Turin: La Stampa S.p.A.
Barlassina, Rinaldo (1935).L'agendina del calcio 1935-1936 [The 1935-1936 soccer calendar]. Milan: La Gazzetta dello Sport.