An 1846lithography of the USSPennsylvania byCurrier and Ives
History
Name	USSPennsylvania
Namesake	Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Ordered	29 April 1816
Builder	Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
Cost	$687,026 (exclusive of armament)[1]
Laid down	September 1821
Launched	18 July 1837
Commissioned	late 1837
Fate	Burned, 20 April 1861, wreck salvaged and scrapped, late 1860s
General characteristics
Tonnage	3,241tons burden[2]
Length	210 ft (64 m)
Beam	56 ft 9 in (17.30 m)
Depth of hold	24 ft 4 in (7.42 m)
Sail plan	ship rig
Complement	1,100 officers and men
Armament	130 × 32-pounder (15 kg) guns

USSPennsylvania was a three-deckedship of the line of theUnited States Navy, rated at 130 guns,^[1] and named for the state ofPennsylvania. She was the largest United States sailing warship ever built, the equivalent of afirst-rate of the BritishRoyal Navy. Authorized in 1816 and launched in 1837, her only cruise was a single trip fromDelaware Bay throughChesapeake Bay to theNorfolk Navy Yard. The ship became areceiving ship, and during theAmerican Civil War was destroyed.

Pennsylvania was one of the "nine ships to rate not less than 74 guns each" authorized by theU.S. Congress on 29 April 1816.^[3] She was designed and built bySamuel Humphreys in thePhiladelphia Navy Yard. Her keel was laid in September 1821, but tight budgets slowed her construction, preventing her being launched until 18 July 1837. The largest sailing warship ever built for the United States, she had three complete gun decks and a flush spar-deck and her hull was pierced for 136 guns.

Exploding shell guns were replacingsolid shot by the timePennsylvania was fitting out. ABureau of Ordnance Gun Register for 1846 records her armament as follows:

• Spar deck: two 9-pounder (4 kg) cannons and one small brass swivel.
• Main deck: four 8 inch (203 mm) chambered cannons received from Norfolk in 1842, and thirty-two 32 pounder (15 kg) cannons.
• Middle deck: four 8 inch chambered cannons received from Norfolk in 1842, and thirty 32 pounder cannons.
• Lower deck: four 8 inch chambered cannons and 28 × 32 pounder cannons.

Pennsylvania shifted from her launching site to offChester, Pennsylvania, on 29 November 1837 and was partially manned there the following day. Only 34 of her guns were noted as having been mounted on 3 December 1837. She stood downriver forNew Castle, Delaware, 9 December, to receive gun carriages and other equippage before proceeding to theNorfolk Navy Yard (then called "Gosport") for the coppering of her hull. She departed New Castle on 20 December 1837 and discharged the Delaware pilot on the 25th. That afternoon she sailed for theVirginia Capes. She came off the Norfolk dry dock on 2 January 1838. That day her crew transferred toColumbia.

A few days before 18 September 1838,Pennsylvania was driven ashore at Norfolk.^[4] She remainedin ordinary until 1842 when she became areceiving ship for the Norfolk Navy Yard. She remained in the yard until 20 April 1861 when she was burned to the waterline to prevent her falling intoConfederate hands.^[5] Her wreck was salvaged and broken up.^[2]

 This article incorporates text from thepublic domainDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be foundhere.

• Claude Berube. "Budget Battles, Interest Groups and Relevancy in a New Era: The Ship-of-the-Line USS Pennsylvania", (U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, January 2008)
• Howard Chapelle,The History of the American Sailing Navy: The Ships and their Development (New York: Norton, 1949)
• Robert Gardiner,The Line of Battle: The Sailing Warship 1650–1850 (London: Conway Maritime Press, 1992)

• Ships of the line of the United States Navy
• Ships of the Union Navy
• Ships built in Philadelphia
• Shipwrecks of the American Civil War
• Shipwrecks of the Virginia coast
• Ship fires
• 1837 ships
• Maritime incidents in September 1838
• Maritime incidents in April 1861

• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Use dmy dates from September 2020
• Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships