 USSBesugo (SS-321) underway,circa 1950. She has a 5 in (127 mm)/25caliber deck gun fore and aft herconning tower. Water can be seen draining from her limber holes. | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | USSBesugo (SS-321) |
| Namesake | Besugo |
| Builder | Electric Boat Company,Groton, Connecticut[1] |
| Laid down | 27 May 1943[1] |
| Launched | 27 February 1944[1] |
| Commissioned | 19 June 1944[1] |
| Decommissioned | 21 March 1958[1] |
| Recommissioned | 15 June 1965 |
| Decommissioned | 31 March 1966 |
| Stricken | 15 November 1975[2] |
| Fate | |
| History | |
 Italy | |
| Name | Francesco Morosini (S 508) |
| Namesake | Francesco Morosini (1619–1694),Doge of Venice (1688–1694) |
| Acquired | 31 March 1966 |
| Decommissioned | 30 November 1973 |
| Stricken | 15 November 1975 |
| Fate | Returned to United States 15 November 1975 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class & type | Balao classdiesel-electricsubmarine[2] |
| Displacement | |
| Length | 311 ft 9 in (95.02 m)[2] |
| Beam | 27 ft 3 in (8.31 m)[2] |
| Draft | 16 ft 10 in (5.13 m) maximum[2] |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | |
| Range | 11,000 nautical miles (20,000 km) surfaced at 10 knots (19 km/h)[3] |
| Endurance |
|
| Test depth | 400 ft (120 m)[3] |
| Complement | 10 officers, 70–71 enlisted[3] |
| Armament |
|
USSBesugo (SS-321, later AGSS-321), aBalao-classsubmarine, was a ship of theUnited States Navy in commission from 1944 to 1958. She was named for thebesugo.
DuringWorld War II,Besugo made five war patrols between 26 September 1944 and 25 July 1945, operating in theBungo Channel,Makassar Strait,Java Sea, andSouth China Sea. During these patrols,Besugo sank the German submarineU-183, becoming one of a very few U.S. submarines to sink a German naval vessel during the war. She also sank the 10,020-gross register tontankerNichei Maru, onelanding ship, onefrigate, and aminesweeper.
After post-World War IIKorean War andCold War U.S. Navy service,Besugo was decommissioned. She was loaned to theItalian Navy in 1966, in which she served until 1973 asFrancesco Morosini (S 508).
Besugo′skeel waslaid down on 27 May 1943 atGroton,Connecticut, by theElectric Boat Company. She waslaunched on 27 February 1944,sponsored by Mrs. Margaret Perry Homer, an employee in the Outside Machinist's Department of the Electric Boat Company and wife of Peter J. Homer, also an employee of the company.Besugo wascommissioned atNaval Submarine Base New London in Groton on 19 June 1944 withCommander Thomas L. Wogan in command.
Besugo completedshakedown training in the waters offNew London, Connecticut, before heading south on 25 July 1944. Arriving atKey West,Florida, on 1 August 1944, she conducted another two weeks of training with the Key West Sound School before setting out for thePacific Ocean on 13 August. She transited thePanama Canal on 17 August and, after five days of repairs atBalboa in thePanama Canal Zone, continued on toPearl Harbor in theTerritory of Hawaii, arriving there on 7 September 1944. She spent the next two weeks training in the waters of theHawaiian Islands.
Besugo put to sea from Pearl Harbor for her first war patrol on 26 September 1944, escorted until dark by thesubmarine chaserUSS PC-486. In company with the submarineUSS Gabilan (SS-252),Besugo headed west and stopped atMidway Atoll in theNorthwestern Hawaiian Islands to refuel on 30 September. Departing Midway the same day, the two submarines rendezvoused with the submarineUSS Ronquil (SS-396) before heading northwest to theBungo Channel entrance toJapan'sSeto Inland Sea.
While en route on 6 October 1944, the submarines spotted a picket boat — a small Japanesepatrol boat — lying to northwest ofMarcus Island. AsBesugo closed to destroy the patrol boat,Gabilan andRonquil continued on course. At 21:02,Besugo fired three torpedoes at the target. All missed, probably because of the shallowdraft of the patrol boat. After waiting for night to fall,Besugo circled the target, surfaced, and closed for a gun attack at 22:28. Although the combination of lightswells and insufficient moonlight made 5-inch (127 mm) gunfire ineffective, the two 20-millimeter guns scored some hits. The Japanese patrol boat responded with sporadic bursts of lightmachine-gun fire. Just as the patrol boat closed the range, both ofBesugo′s 20-millimeter guns jammed. The Japanese picket boat then opened fire with a heavy machine gun. Bullets began striking the water aroundBesugo, and several struck herconning tower andperiscope shears. Splinters from these hits wounded thegunnery officer and a lookout. Unable to return fire effectively,Besugo withdrew, leading hercommanding officer to remark, "Not an auspicious beginning to our fighting career."
On 8 October 1944,Besugo spotted anImperial Japanese NavyMitsubishi G4M Type 1bomber (Allied reporting name "Betty") and submerged for the remainder of the day. On the morning of 9 October, a patrolling Japanesearmed trawler forced her to submerge, further delaying her progress. Then, at 03:29 on 10 October, herradar indicated a Japanesepatrol plane was pursuing her. As put by her war diarist, it took half an hour of "nerve-wracking" maneuvering to shake off the Japanese plane.
At dawn on 10 October 1944,Besugo reached her patrol station and began a submerged daylight patrol in the eastern approaches to the Bungo Channel. Owing to the upcomingU.S. landings onLeyte in thePhilippine Islands, scheduled for 20 October,Besugo had orders to spot any Japanese heavy fleet units departing the Bungo Channel and to refrain from firing at any targets until after sending in a contact report. On the morning of 15 October 1944, she watched as five Japanesecruisers and adestroyer steamed by her position before she radioed in a contact report that evening.
On the evening of 16 October 1944,Besugo′s radar picked up two targets transiting the Bungo Channel. Believing they wereheavy cruisers,Besugo maneuvered into firing position and loosed sixbow torpedoes at the nearest target. Two minutes later, at 22:12, one torpedo hit one of the Japanesewarships just abaft thebridge. The Japanese ships "milled about," according toBesugo′s war diary, for a few minutes, during which timeBesugo retired to reload, but the Japanese quickly skirted the coast ofKyushu and turned for home.Besugo tracked them for almost two hours but was unable to close for another attack. A postwar review of records indicated that the damaged ship actually was the destroyerSuzutsuki.
On 18 October 1944,Besugo spotted two more warships, this time entering the Bungo Channel rather than leaving it, and noted the contacts in accordance with her orders. Although Japanese air patrols increased noticeably over the next few days, including one radar-equipped search plane that keptBesugo pinned down on 22 October,Besugo andRonquil did manage to find a Japanese formation early on 24 October 1944. At 03:49 that morning,Besugo closed a Japanesetanker, protected by two coast defensefrigates and a destroyer, intending to sneak between two of the escorts for a shot at the tanker. However, two rapid Japanesezigzags away put the tanker out of reach, soBesugo turned on the port-quarter escort instead. She fired three torpedoes at the escort, the frigateCoast Defense Vessel No. 132, and, at 04:15, at least one torpedo hit the target. In a blinding flash, the frigate suddenly blew up, illuminating the entire area and silhouettingBesugo on the surface. Shecrash-dived, expecting to bedepth-charged by the rear escort, but no counterattack attack materialized.
Over the next week,Besugo and up to six other U.S. submarines patrolled the approaches toVan Diemen Strait (also known as Ōsumi Strait) and the east coast of Kyushu, hoping to catch some of the Japanese warships retiring north from their defeat in the waters around the Philippine Islands in theBattle of Leyte Gulf. The only thingsBesugo spotted were three Japanese patrol planes, a Japanese submarine′s periscope, and a driftingcontact mine, all of which she evaded with some difficulty. Retiring to theMariana Islands on 1 November 1944,Besugo concluded her patrol by mooring alongside thesubmarine tenderUSS Fulton (AS-11) atSaipan on 5 November 1944.
Following minor repairs and a torpedo reload,Besugo departedTanapag Harbor at Saipan to begin her second war patrol on 10 November 1944. Transiting theLuzon Strait on 16 November 1944, she entered theSouth China Sea, and she took up a position offLinapacan Island in the Philippine Islands on 20 November. At 04:55 on 22 November,Besugo picked up a radar contact while operating off the northern tip ofPalawan. Owing to the approaching dawn, she attacked the target quickly, firing four torpedoes at what she believed was a Japanese tanker. One torpedo hit amidships, starting an enormous fire that eventually sank what turned out to be the Japaneselanding shipT.151. A few minutes later, she spotted a 300-foot (91 m)barge nearby, probably atow abandoned by the stricken landing ship, and sank it with two torpedoes.
Returning to her patrol station that evening,Besugo encountered rough weather, and the heavy swells interfered with her surface search radar. At 21:38, she closed her only good contact and fired four bow torpedoes at a large vessel. All missed, possibly because they grounded in the shallow water. Over the next 10 minutes, she fired eight more torpedoes, one of which finally hit and brought to a stop what turned out to be a cargo ship.Besugo then fired her last four torpedoes into the target. Two of them demolished the midships section and the ship settled to thebottom in 6 fathoms (36 ft; 11 m) of water, leaving thesuperstructure still visible above the surface. A postwar records review, however, did not indicate any Japanese losses in that area, andBesugo did not receive credit for a sinking. With her torpedoes gone,Besugo headed south, passed through theLombok Strait, and arrived atFremantle,Australia, on 4 December 1944, bringing her patrol to an end.
After a refit alongside the submarine tenderUSS Anthedon (AS-24),Besugo got underway for her third war patrol on 24 December 1944. She passed through Lombok Strait late on 30 December and entered theCelebes Sea. On 31 December 1944 she sighted a small Japanesemerchant ship emerging from a rainsquall.Besugo dove and attacked with three torpedoes, but all missed, and the target escaped and disappeared from view. It probably radioed in a contact report, because searching Japanese aircraft later forcedBesugo to submerge four times.
ClearingKarimata Strait on 2 January 1945,Besugo took up a patrol station off the southern tip of Japanese-occupiedFrench Indochina on 4 January. At 18:40 on 6 January, her lookouts sighted the heavily laden Japanese 10,020-gross register ton tankerNichei Maru escorted by a destroyer and two coast defense frigates. She closed undetected and at 21:18 fired six torpedoes atNichei Maru. Three of the torpedoes hit home, andNichei Maru burst into flame and sank. AsBesugo cleared the area, the escorts dropped seven depth charges in desultory and ineffective attacks.
Joined by the submarinesUSS Hardhead (SS-365),USS Cobia (SS-245), and laterUSS Blackfin (SS-322),Besugo spent the next two weeks fruitlessly patrolling a scouting line south of theCà Mau Peninsula. Finally, at 05:30 on 24 January 1945, she received a contact report fromBlackfin. AsBesugo closed the three Japanese ships (destroyerShigure, the tankerSarawak Maru, and a smallminesweeper)Blackfin reported, her crew heardBlackfin send one torpedo into the tanker. Shortly thereafter, the Japanese escorts droveBesugo off with gunfire and depth charges. Twenty minutes later,Besugo tried approaching again and, despitesonar searches and a close depth-charge attack by the escorts, she fired six torpedoes at the tanker. The torpedo tracks attracted the attention of the escorts, andBesugo endured a furious pounding from the two escorts, who dropped a total of 22 depth charges over the next half hour. Later that afternoon,Besugo′s crew heard Japanese escorts drop another 32 depth charges. A postwar records review determined the tanker to have been damaged in the attack.
A week later,Besugo discovered four Japaneseantisubmarine warfare vessels conducting a sound sweep offCape Laguan on theMalay Peninsula. After calling inBlackfin andHardhead for help,Besugo crept under the right-flank ship and took up a firing position. At 02:27 on 2 February 1945, she fired four torpedoes at the right-center ship, and one of them hit and sank the frigateCoast Defense Vessel No. 144.Besugo easily evaded the ensuing counterattack and withdrew from the area. As no further contacts developed, she set a course for Australia on 5 February 1945, transited Lombok Strait on 8 February, and moored alongside the submarine tenderUSS Euryale (AS-22) in the harbor at Fremantle on 15 February 1945.
As the port at Fremantle was very busy,Besugo′s refit was delayed for two weeks, and she was not ready for operations until 24 March 1945. Underway that same day to begin her fourth war patrol,Besugo proceeded to a patrol area in the easternJava Sea. Passing through Lombok Strait on 31 March, she joined the submarinesGabilan andUSS Charr (SS-328) and took up a position nearBangka Island offSumatra on 3 April 1945.
On 4 April 1945, while patrolling submerged,Besugo contacted an enemy group consisting of a cruiser, threetorpedo boats, and a minesweeper. After they passed over the horizon, she surfaced, radioed a contact report, and set out in pursuit of the Japanese force. During the afternoon and evening, she tried to work around the Japanese task group, but Japanese aircraft forced her to dive four times. Finally, at 03:58 on 5 April, after a long night of maneuvering, she fired six torpedoes at the cruiser, but all of them missed. A nearby escort then forcedBesugo to dive and dropped 13 depth charges in the area beforeBesugo escaped.
Later on the morning of 5 April 1945,Besugo received orders to patrol theSumba Strait whileAllied aircraft from Australia attempted to sink the elusive Japanese task group.Besugo′s crew hoped that at the very least, the air attacks might force the Japanese warships to retire pastBesugo′s position, and on 6 April 1945 sighted the Japanese ships doing exactly that. Unfortunately forBesugo, the cruiser's high speed andhaze graycamouflage allowed her to surpriseBesugo, quickly slipping by her and evading all nine torpedoesBesugo fired hastily.
Despite the appearance of Japanese patrol planes,Besugo was better prepared for the trailing Japanese escorts, and she blew the minesweeperW.12 in half with one of four torpedoes fired. AlthoughW.12′s bow sank immediately, herstern remained afloat in a sea filled with Japanese sailors abandoning ship. BeforeBesugo could fire a torpedo atW.12′s stern section, a sudden attack by a Japanese patrol plane forcedBesugo to break off the attack and dive to safety.Besugo spent the next two hours dodging Japanese air attacks; she wasbombed once andstrafed twice, before finally sinkingW.12′s stern section with her last torpedo.
Besugo then returned to Fremantle on 11 April 1945 for another load of torpedoes, before putting to sea on 16 April to continue her patrol. Transiting Lombok Strait on 21 April, she took up a patrol station in the Java Sea in company with the submarinesUSS Blower (SS-325) andUSS Perch (SS-313). On 23 April, she spotted unusual prey, the German submarineU-183 painted with Japanese colors, and sank her with a torpedo at04°57′S112°52′E / 4.950°S 112.867°E /-4.950; 112.867 (U-183), becoming one of only a very few American submarines to sink a German warship. Quickly surfacing,Besugo recoveredU-183′s only survivor, a badly wounded Germanwarrant officer.
Besugo sighted nothing of interest again until 28 April 1945, when she began tracking a Japanese guard boat. Surfacing at 02:20 on 29 April, she quickly sankOtome Maru with 5-inch (127 mm) gunfire. On the evening of 29 April, after closing with an immense pillar of fire spotted over the horizon,Besugo rescued a badly burned sailor, most likely from theImperial Japanese Army tankerYuno Maru, recently sunk by amine. From then until 12 May 1945,Besugo patrolled offJava betweenSurabaya andBatavia, scouting for any Japanese warships responding to theAllied landings onBorneo. After swinging through theGulf of Siam,Besugo concluded her patrol, arriving atSubic Bay onLuzon in the Philippine Islands on 20 May 1945.
Following a refit alongsideAnthedon,Besugo got underway for her fifth war patrol on 13 June 1945. proceeding southeast to French Indochina,Besugo spent close to three uneventful weeks on a lifeguard station offCamranh Bay in support of Allied airstrikes. Then, on 5 July 1945, she moved to the south coast of Borneo but again made no contacts with Japanese ships. After transiting Lombok Strait, she arrived at Fremantle on 25 July 1945 and received a refit alongside the submarine tenderUSS Clytie (AS-26).Besugo was at Fremantle whenhostilities with Japan ended on 15 August 1945, bringingWorld War II to an end.
Besugo departed Fremantle on 29 August 1945, when she proceed south and east toSydney, Australia, which she reached on 5 September 1945. She got back underway on 7 September 1945 to proceed toSan Diego,California, where she arrived on 26 September 1945. She had an extended period ofshore leave and upkeep at San Diego, she proceeded toVallejo, California, where on 31 October 1945 she entered the Mare Island Navy Yard (renamed theMare Island Naval Shipyard in November 1945 — onMare Island for an overhaul.
Upon completion of her overhaul on 8 February 1946,Besugo headed to Pearl Harbor for duty with theUnited States Pacific Fleet. She made a cruise toGuam in the Mariana Islands. then returned to Pearl Harbor on 6 May 1946. She then operated locally in Hawaiian waters, included training at theFrench Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands in December 1946 and a simulated attack exercise against thelight cruiserUSS Oakland (CL-95) in January 1947. Between 3 February and 5 May 1947, she received another overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard before returning to Pearl Harbor on 13 May 1947.
With theCold War beginning amid growing tensions between theUnited States and theSoviet Union, the U.S. Navy began planning for possible confrontations with theSoviet Navy. One training measure, devised to give submarine crews experience was the "simulated war patrol," a mission upon which Besugo embarked on 7 June 1947. Heading west from Hawaii, she avoided numerous air and surface contacts in an attempt to avoid detection by U.S. forces en route to theMarshall Islands. Arriving offMajuro Atoll on 18 June 1947, she conducted aphotographic reconnaissance of the area before heading on to the Philippines. After a stop at Subic Bay from 4 to 7 July 1947, where she provided target services toMartin PBM Mariner andConsolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer patrol aircraft ofFleet Air Wing 1, proceeded toHong Kong on 8 July. There, the crew enjoyed shore leave under the "care" of the British light cruiserHMS Belfast.Besugo moved on toQingdao,China, where she arrived on 18 July 1947 and began a six-week series of exercises withUnited States Seventh Fleet units in theYellow Sea. These included radar tracking drills with the submarineUSS Entemedor (SS-340),salvage drills with thesubmarine rescue vesselUSS Bluebird (ASR-19), and, in company with the submarineUSS Catfish (SS-339), a simulated attack exercise against atask force. During the latter, aircraft contacts plagued the two submarines, which failed to make any successful attacks. After stops to refuel atOkinawa and Midway Atoll,Besugo arrived at Pearl Harbor on 21 September 1947.
Besugo remained in Hawaiian waters until July 1948, conducting routine upkeep and local training operations. Then, following a visit toHilo, Hawaii, from 3 and 8 July 1948, she got underway on 9 July 1948 for a reconnaissance mission to theBering Sea. Arriving atAdak in theAleutian Islands on 16 July 1948, she headed east and rendezvoused with the submarineUSS Diodon (SS-349) on 18 July. After exchanging information withDiodon,Besugo moved toSt. Lawrence Island on 19 July and began three weeks of photo reconnaissance operations offCape Navarin on the coast of the Soviet Union at the southern extremity of theGulf of Anadyr. During this time, she sighted three Soviet warships — adestroyer escort, apatrol frigate, and a minesweeper — and six cargo ships, all without being detected. After a rendezvous with the submarineBlower on 10 August 1948,Besugo proceeded to Adak andKodiak,Alaska, before returning to Pearl Harbor on 20 July 1948. She remained in Hawaiian waters for the next 18 months, conducting independent ship's drills,antisubmarine warfare exercises, and other local operations from Pearl Harbor.
Despite the outbreak of theKorean War on 25 June 1950,Besugo entered thePearl Harbor Naval Shipyard for an overhaul not long thereafter. Completing the overhaul on 28 September 1950, she departed Pearl Harbor on 19 October 1950 bound forYokosuka,Japan, which she reached on 31 October 1950. After four weeks of training, including target services for U.S. antisubmarine warfare planes and warships, she began the first of her two Korean War reconnaissance patrols. Leaving Japan on 6 December 1950, she passed through theTsugaru Strait and took up a patrol station offLa Perouse Strait north ofHokkaido on 9 December. There, in spite of rough seas and a succession ofsnowstorms, she spent two weeks tracking Soviet shipping moving between theSea of Okhotsk and theSea of Japan. Returning to Yokosuka in late December 1950, she remained in Japanese waters for the next three months, conducting local operations and twice visiting Okinawa. During her first visit to Okinawa, she proceeded toNaze Ko onOmami o Shima on 12 January 1951 to rescue six survivors of a PBM Marinerflying boat that had crashed. Departing theFar East on 11 April 1951, she returned to Pearl Harbor on 22 April 1951.
Following nine months of local operations in Hawaiian waters and twoshipyard periods, during which new sonar equipment and mine clearing cables were installed,Besugo got underway from Pearl Harbor on 7 January 1952 bound for Subic Bay in the Philippines. Arriving there on 24 January 1952,Besugo embarked on her second special mission the following day. Ordered to conduct a photographic reconnaissance ofHainan Island, she took up a submerged patrol station offYulin Bay on 28 January 1952. Frequent contacts with fishingsampans, and even with entirefishing fleets on a half-dozen occasions, made surveillance and photographic operations very difficult. In addition, the sampans constituted an even greater hazard at night, since they had no running lights and registered poorly on radar. As a result, the mission produced limited results.Besugo returned to Subic Bay on 28 February 1952, and then to Pearl Harbor in March 1952, after whichBesugo′s crew received a two-month leave and upkeep period.
After the two-month leave-and-upkeep period,Besugo entered the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard for a three-month overhaul in July 1952. The shipyard work was complete in September 1952, but a small electrical fire on 23 October 1952 delayed her return to service until December 1952. Departing Pearl Harbor on 31 January 1953, she headed northeast for a visit toPuget Sound,Washington, and its environs. Between 9 February and 22 March 1953, she visitedEsquimalt,British Columbia,Canada, andSeattle, Washington, before conducting a training exercise offCape Flattery, Washington. She returned to Pearl Harbor on 29 March 1953, and her only other movement later in the spring of 1953 was a mid-May visit in Hawaiian waters toNawiliwili Bay onKauai.
Assigned to training duty forUnited States Naval Reserve personnel,Besugo departed Pearl Harbor on 2 August 1953 and arrived at her newhome port of San Diego, California, on 9 August. She conducted local operations in nearby waters for the next five years, including the provision of target services to local fleet units, and made occasional operational and Naval Reserve training cruises. Her first training cruise took place in the autumn of 1954, when she proceeded from San Diego toLahaina Roads in Hawaii and laid a drill minefield on 21 October 1954.
In the autumn of 1955,Besugo visited the Puget Sound area again for antisubmarine warfare exercises withRoyal Canadian Navy warships and a U.S. Naval Reserve training cruise. She received an overhaul inSan Francisco, California, during the spring of 1956. In January 1957, in company with the submarineUSS Remora (SS-487), she made a cruise stoMexico which included a port visit atMazatlan. She carried out Naval Reserve reserve training duties in Puget Sound in February 1957. In August 1957, she proceeded to San Francisco for antisubmarine warfare exercises, and in November 1957 she again visited Mazatlan.
Never having been modernized,Besugo was scheduled for inactivation in 1958. She departed San Diego for the last time on 6 January 1958 and entered the Mare Island Naval Shipyard to commence deactivation procedures on 8 January 1958. She was decommissioned on 21 March 1958 and laid up in thePacific Reserve Fleet. While inreserve, she was reclsassified an "auxiliaryresearch submarine" and given thehull classification symbolAGSS-321 in 1962.
Besugo was recommissioned on 15 June 1965. She was converted to aFleet Snorkel submarine in 1966.
After the completion of her Fleet Snorkel conversion,Besugo was decommissioned on 31 March 1966 and transferred on loan toItaly the same day. TheItalian Navy commissioned her asFrancesco Morosini (S 508), named forFrancesco Morosini (1619–1694), who wasDoge of Venice from 1688 to 1694.
The Italian Navy decommissionedFrancesco Morosini on 30 November 1973. It struck her from its naval vessel register on 15 November 1975 and returned her to U.S. Navy custody on the same day.
The submarine was struck from the U.S.Naval Vessel Register on 15 November 1975, the day Italy returned her to the United States. She was sold either on 16 April 1976 or 20 June 1977[1] (according to different sources) for scrapping.
Combat Action Ribbon
World War II Victory Medal
Navy Occupation Service Medal with "ASIA" clasp
China Service Medal
National Defense Service Medal with star
.svg)
Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation (Republic of Korea)
United Nations Korea Medal (United Nations)
Korean War Service Medal (Republic of Korea)
This article incorporates text from thepublic domainDictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entries can be foundhere andhere.
