 Logo used since 1958 | |
 U.S. Steel Tower in Pittsburgh | |
| Formerly | USX Corporation (1986–2001) |
|---|---|
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Steel Industrial manufacturing |
| Founded | March 2, 1901; 124 years ago (1901-03-02) by merger ofCarnegie Steel withFederal Steel Company and the National Steel Company |
| Founders | |
| Headquarters | U.S. Steel Tower, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,United States |
Area served | Worldwide |
Key people | |
| Products | Flat-rolledsteel Tubular steel Iron ore |
| Revenue |  US$15.6 billion (2024)[6] |
| US$240 million (2024)[6] | |
| US$384 million (2024)[6] | |
| Total assets | US$20.2 billion (2024)[6] |
| Total equity |  US$11.3 billion (2024)[6] |
Number of employees | 22,053[6] (2024) |
| Parent | Nippon Steel Federal government of the United States (golden share) |
| Website | ussteel |
TheUnited States Steel Corporation is an American steel company based inPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that maintains production facilities at several additional locations in the U.S. andCentral Europe. The company produces and sellssteel products, includingflat-rolled and tubular products for customers in industries across automotive, construction, consumer, electrical, industrial equipment, distribution, and energy. Operations also includeiron ore andcoke production facilities.[7] In 2025, U.S. Steel was acquired byNippon Steel in a deal arranged with the United States government.
U.S. Steel ranked eighth among global steel producers in 2008 and 24th by 2022, remaining the second-largest in the U.S. behindNucor. RenamedUSX Corporation in 1986, it reverted to U.S. Steel in 2001 after spinning off its energy assets, includingMarathon Oil. In December 2023, Nippon Steel announced a $14.9 billion acquisition of U.S. Steel, retaining its name and Pittsburgh headquarters. The deal faced opposition from theUnited Steelworkers,[8] theTrump presidential campaign,[9] and theBiden administration,[10][11] which formally blocked it in January 2025.[12] U.S. Steel and Nippon Steel sued the administration, claiming the block was unlawful.[13] The acquisition was finalized on June 18, 2025, making U.S. Steel a subsidiary of Nippon Steel North America, with an oversight role for thefederal government of the United States through agolden share.[14][15][16]
In 1901,J. P. Morgan created U.S. Steel[17][18] by merging Carnegie Steel, Federal Steel, and National Steel for $492 million, roughly equivalent to $18 billion today.[19][20]
During its peak years, U.S. Steel, then known onWall Street as "The Corporation," was known more for its size than its efficiency or innovation.[21] In 1901, the company was far and away the largest steel manufacturer, producing roughly two-thirds of the nation's steel.[21] The company also operated the largest commercial fleet on theGreat Lakes through its Pittsburgh Steamship Company.[22] Due to large debts from its founding, since Andrew Carnegie demanded gold bonds for his share, and concerns about antitrust lawsuits, U.S. Steel operated cautiously.
In 1902, its first full year of operations, U.S. Steel made 67 percent of all the steel produced in the United States.[21] Roughly a century later, however, in 2001, that production fell to only eight percent.[21]
For much of the 20th century, U.S. Steel was both the world's largest steel producer and its largestcorporation. It was capitalized at $1.4 billion ($52.9 billion today),[21] making it the world's first billion-dollar corporation,[23] although the U.S.Bureau of Corporations would later value it at around $700 million.[24]
The company's headquarters was located in theEmpire Building in New York City; where it remained one of the building's largest tenants for 75 years.[25]Charles M. Schwab, the Carnegie Steel executive who originally suggested the merger to Morgan,[26] ultimately emerged as the new corporation's first President.[27]
In 1907, U.S. Steel acquired its largest competitor, theTennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, headquartered inBirmingham, Alabama, and Tennessee Coal was replaced on theDow Jones Industrial Average byGeneral Electric.[28] The following year, in March 1908, the company formed the Committee on Safety of United States Steel following chairman Elbert H. Gary's meetings with safety managers of the operating companies, leading to the introduction of the modern "Safety First" movement.[29] The committee's formation was intended to enhance workplace safety, reduce worker accidents, and safeguard the company against criticisms and legal liability.
U.S. Steel's primary competitor,Bethlehem Steel, led by former U.S. Steel presidentCharles M. Schwab, was quicker to innovate. By 1911, U.S. Steel's market share had dropped to 50 percent.[21] That same year, James A. Farrell became president and held the position until 1932.
Also in 1911,Standard Oil was broken up by thefederal government, and the U.S. government attempted to use federalantitrust laws to break up U.S. Steel, but proved unsuccessful in doing so.
In a 2008 book, authorDouglas Blackmon[30] argued that U.S. Steel’s growth in theSouth was attributable partly to cheap Black labor and exploited convicts. The company, Blackmon argued, leveraged Black Codes and discriminatory laws to obtain Black workers at lower costs and had agreements with over 20Alabama counties to use convict labor, paying locals nine dollars a month per worker. Many prisoners were forced into mines under harsh conditions, with some dying from abuse and malnutrition. This convict leasing system persisted into the late 1920s and was widespread across eight Southern states, benefiting companies and farmers alike.[31][30]
U.S. Steel ranked 16th among United States corporations in the value of itsWorld War II production contracts.[32] Production peaked at more than 35 million tons in 1953. Its employment was greatest in 1943, when it had more than 340,000 employees.[21]
The federal government intervened to try to control U.S. Steel. In 1952, PresidentHarry S. Truman attempted to take over the company's steel mills to resolve a crisis with its union, theUnited Steelworkers of America. TheSupreme Courtblocked the takeover by ruling that the president did not have theConstitutional authority to seize the mills.[33] PresidentJohn F. Kennedy was more successful in 1962 when he pressured the steel industry into reversing price increases that Kennedy considered dangerously inflationary.[34]
According to authorDan Carter inThe Politics Of Rage: George Wallace, The Origins Of The New Conservatism, And The Transformation Of American Politics, U.S. Steel did not support the Kennedy administration’s efforts to involve Alabama businesses in the desegregation of the University of Alabama, which GovernorGeorge Wallace had opposed.
In 1963, although the firm employed more than 30,000 workers inBirmingham, Alabama, company president Roger M. Blough "went out of his way to announce that any attempt to use his company position in Birmingham to pressure local whites was 'repugnant to me personally' and 'repugnant to my fellow officers at U.S. Steel.'"[35]
In the years following World War II, the steel industry and heavy manufacturing went through a restructuring, leading to a decline in U.S. Steel's need for labor, production, and portfolio. Many jobs moved offshore. By 2000, the company employed 52,500 people.[21]
In the early days of theReagan administration, steel firms won substantialtax breaks in order to compete with imported goods. But instead of modernizing their mills, steel companies shifted capital out of steel and into more profitable areas. In March 1982, U.S. Steel took its concessions and paid $1.4 billion in cash and $4.7 billion in loans forMarathon Oil, saving approximately $500 million in taxes through the merger. The architect of tax concessions to steel firms, SenatorArlen Specter (R-PA), complained that "we go out on a limb in Congress and we feel they should be putting it in steel."[36] The events are the subject of "The U.S. Steal Song"[37] by folk singerAnne Feeney.
In 1984, the federal government prevented U.S. Steel from acquiringNational Steel, and political pressure from theUnited States Congress, as well as theUnited Steelworkers (USW), forced the company to abandon plans to importBritish Steel Corporation slabs.[21] U.S. Steel finally acquired National Steel's assets in 2003, after National Steel went bankrupt. As part of its diversification plan, U.S. Steel acquiredMarathon Oil on January 7, 1982, and Texas Oil and Gas several years later. In 1986, it reorganized its holdings asUSX Corporation with U.S. Steel renamedUSS, Inc. as a major subsidiary.[38]
About22,000 USX employees stopped work on August 1, 1986, after theUnited Steelworkers of America and the company could not agree on new employee contract terms. This was characterized by the company as astrike and by the union as alockout. This resulted in most USX facilities becoming idle until February 1, 1987, seriously degrading the steel division's market share. A compromise was brokered and accepted by the union membership on January 31, 1987.[39] On February 4, 1987, three days after the agreement had been reached to end the work stoppage, USX announced that four USX plants would remain closed permanently, eliminating about 3,500 union jobs.[39]
In late 1986,Corporate raiderCarl Icahn launched ahostile takeover of the steel giant in the midst of the work stoppage. He conducted separate negotiations with the union and with management and proceeded to haveproxy battles with shareholders and management. But he abandoned all efforts to buy out the company on January 8, 1987, a few weeks before union employees returned to work.[39] By the late 20th century, U.S. Steel earned most of its revenue from energy operations.
In 2001, under CEOThomas Usher, it spun off Marathon and other non-steel assets, exceptTranstar, and expanded internationally by acquiring plants in Slovakia and Serbia.[40]
During the early 2010s, U.S. Steel modernized its software systems across its manufacturing facilities.[41] Facing financial challenges, the company sold its underperforming Serbian mills near Belgrade to the Serbian government in January 2012.[42] In 2014, U.S. Steel’s falling market value caused its removal from the S&P 500 and its transfer to theS&P MidCap 400.[43]
However, in October 2019, U.S. Steel made a bold strategic move by investing $700 million in Big River Steel, securing a 49.9% ownership stake in the pioneering LEED-certified steel facility.[44] Doubling down on its bet, U.S. Steel announced in December 2020 that it would acquire the remaining interest in Big River Steel for $774 million, finalizing the acquisition in January 2021.[45][46][47][48]
In February 2022, U.S. Steel began construction on a new mill in Osceola, Arkansas which will be operational by 2024.[49] In April 2022, theelectric arc furnace flat-rolled Big River Steel mill in Osceola became the first ResponsibleSteel site certified in North America following an independent audit by SRI Quality System Registrar (SRI).[50][51]
On December 18, 2023,Nippon Steel proposed to acquire U.S. Steel for $14.9 billion, or $55 per share. This was a 142% premium compared toCleveland-Cliffs offer of $35 per share.[52] The Nippon proposal was approved by U.S. Steel shareholders in April 2024.[53][54] Nippon pledged to keep U.S. Steel's Pittsburgh headquarters and honor union contracts.[55][56][57]
The deal has received a range of reactions from prominent steelworkers labor unionUnited Steelworkers (USW), policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders.[8][58] On March 14, 2024, U.S. PresidentJoe Biden declared that U.S. Steel must remain American-owned, stating the proposed acquisition by Nippon Steel would pose a risk to national security, and also declared that he would use U.S. regulatory authorities to scuttle the deal.[59] After this revelation, it was noted theCommittee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) had the authority to block the acquisition based on national security matters.[59][11]
In July 2024, Nippon Steel hiredMike Pompeo to lobby for its acquisition of U.S. Steel.[9] By September, the Biden Administration signaled plans to block the deal, citing national security concerns.[60][61] On December 10, 2024, it was reported that then U.S. PresidentJoe Biden intended to block the proposed Nippon acquisition following the completion of a review by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS), which later concluded several weeks later.[62][63]
On December 18, 2024, a letter from the CFIUS, which was written on December 14, 2024, was obtained byReuters, which revealed that the stage was set for Biden to block the proposed Nippon Steel deal by the December 23 deadline, concluding that "The Committee has not yet reached consensus on whether the mitigation measures proposed by the Parties would be effective... or whether they would resolve the risk to U.S. national security arising from the Transaction" and that "The President may take such action for such time as the President considers appropriate to suspend or prohibit a covered transaction that threatens to impair the national security."[64] On December 23, 2024 the CFIUS concluded its review of the proposed Nippon Steel buyout without reaching a consensus on national security risks.[65] The proposed Nippon buyout would then be officially blocked by President Biden on January 3, 2025.[66] On January 6, Nippon Steel and U.S. Steel sued the Biden administration over the block.[67][13]
The companies also filed a RICO complaint against Cleveland-Cliffs, its CEO, and the head of theUnited Steelworkers, the primary union representing US Steel employees.[68] U.S. Steel said in a statement on January 13, 2025 that it remained committed to closing the deal with Nippon Steel.[69]
On January 27, 2025, activist investorAncora Holdings released a proxy fight strategy with the goal of ousting CEO David Burritt and ending the litigation focused on completing the Nippon Steel acquisition.[70] Ancora nominated Alan Kestenbaum as the new CEO, highlighting his experience in the steel industry and his vision for restoring U.S. Steel’s legacy.[71] Kestenbaum has sought to build support for his potential leadership of U.S. Steel by meeting with White House officials, union representatives, and lawmakers. United Steelworkers President David McCall referred to Kestenbaum as “a much better choice” than current CEO David Burritt. This comment, along with growing interest from rank-and-file members, suggests a segment of the union may prefer a change in leadership rather than continuing uncertainty surrounding the proposed acquisition.[72]
Union members have expressed frustration with the drawn-out process involving Nippon Steel’s $14.1 billion bid. Although U.S. Steel publicly supported the merger, labor groups remain concerned about the potential consequences for jobs, operations, and the company’s future under foreign ownership.[72]
Ancora has proposed selling the company’sBig River Steel operations in Arkansas. The plan would use proceeds from the sale to modernize older unionized steel plants in Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Illinois. Ancora argues that investing in legacy facilities would support union jobs and revitalize traditional steelmaking operations. It contrasts this approach with Big River’s newer, non-union, energy-efficient model, which some in the union believe poses risks to union employment and national industrial capacity.[73]
On May 23, 2025, PresidentDonald Trump announced a revised "planned partnership" between U.S. Steel and Nippon Steel, reversing his earlier opposition to the acquisition. Under the new terms, U.S. Steel would maintain its headquarters in Pittsburgh, and the company would be led by an American CEO with a board majority being U.S. citizens. Additionally, the U.S. government would receive agolden share allowing the U.S. president to appoint one of three board members and providing veto authority over corporate decisions, including the appointment of the other board members.[74] Trump stated that Nippon Steel would invest $14 billion into U.S. operations, including $2.4 billion directed toward facilities in theMon Valley region of Pennsylvania. The acquisition closed on June 18, 2025.[14] U.S. Steel was delisted from the New York Stock Exchange on the same day.[16]
According to Secretary of CommerceHoward Lutnick on June 14, the acquisition requires the president's approval for U.S. Steel to:[75]
Later disclosures by theSecurities and Exchange Commission showed that, after Trump leaves office, these powers are to transfer to theTreasury andCommerce departments.[76]
TheCato Institute said the deal "effectivelynationalizes U.S. Steel". According to Cato, "U.S. Steel’s new status as anSOE or 'public body' would mean that all its domestic transactions (yes, all) are subject to scrutiny and potential discipline under theUSMCA and global anti-subsidy rules, respectively."[75]
U.S. Steel is a formerDow Jones Industrial Average component, listed from April 1, 1901, to May 3, 1991. It was removed under its USX Corporation name withNavistar International andPrimerica.[77] An original member of theS&P 500 since 1957, U.S. Steel was removed from that index on July 2, 2014, due to declining market capitalization.[43][78]
The Board of Directors considers the declaration ofdividends four times each year, with checks for dividends declared oncommon stock mailed for receipt on March, June, September, and December. In 2008, the dividend was $0.30 per share, the highest in company history By April 27, 2009, however, it was reduced to $0.05 per share.[79] In February 2020, the dividend was reduced to $0.01 per share but was then later increased back to $0.05 per share in November 2021.[80][81]
U.S. Steel maintained the labor policies ofAndrew Carnegie. Carnegie believed that "good wages and good workmen I know to be cheap labor."[82] TheAmalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers union that represented workers at theHomestead, Pennsylvania, plant was, for many years, broken after a violentstrike in 1892. U.S. Steel defeatedanother strike in 1901, the year it was founded. U.S. Steel built the city ofGary, Indiana, in 1906, and 100 years later it remained the location of the largest integrated steel mill in the Northern Hemisphere. U.S. Steel reached a détente with unions duringWorld War I, when under pressure from the Wilson Administration it relaxed its opposition to unions enough to allow some to operate in certain factories. It returned to its previous policies as soon as the war ended, however, and in a1919 strike defeated union-organizing efforts byWilliam Z. Foster of the AFL.[83]
Heavy pressure from public opinion forced the company to give up its 12-hour day and adopt the standard eight-hour day.[84] During the 1920s, U.S. Steel, like many other large employers, coupled paternalistic employment practices with "employee representation plans" (ERPs), which were company unions sponsored by management. These ERPs eventually became an important factor leading to the organization of theUnited Steelworkers of America. The company dropped its hard-line, anti-union stance in 1937, when Myron Taylor, then president of U.S. Steel, agreed to recognize theSteel Workers Organizing Committee, an arm of theCongress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) led byJohn L. Lewis. Taylor was an outsider, brought in during theGreat Depression to rescue U.S. Steel. Watching the upheaval caused by theUnited Auto Workers' successful sit-down strike inFlint, Michigan, and convinced that Lewis was someone he could deal with on a businesslike basis, Taylor sought stability through collective bargaining.[85][86]
Still, U.S. Steel worked hand-in-hand with the Birmingham (Alabama) Police Department as it vigorously investigated and targeted labor activities during the 1930s and 1940s. The corporation developed and fed information to a "Red Squad" of detectives "who used the city's vagrancy and criminal-anarchy statutes (liberally reinforced by backroom beatings) to strike at radical labor organizers." In the 1950s, those investigations shifted from labor to civil rights activists.[87]
The Steelworkers continue to have a contentious relationship with U.S. Steel, but far less so than the relationship that other unions had with employers in other industries[which?] in the United States. They launched a number of long strikes against U.S. Steel in 1946 and a116-day strike in 1959, but those strikes were over wages and benefits and not the more fundamental issue of union recognition that led to violent strikes elsewhere.[88][89]
The Steelworkers union attempted to mollify the problems of competitive foreign imports by entering into a so-called Experimental Negotiation Agreement (ENA) in 1974. This was to provide forarbitration if the parties were not able to reach an agreement on any newcollective bargaining agreements, thereby preventing disruptive strikes. The ENA failed to stop the decline of the steel industry in the U.S.[90]
U.S. Steel and the other employers terminated the ENA in 1984. In 1986,U.S. Steel employees stopped work after a dispute over contract terms, characterized by the company as astrike and by the union as alockout. In a letter to striking employees in 1986, Johnston warned, "There are not enough seats in the steel lifeboat for everybody."[91] In addition to reducing the role of unions, the steel industry had sought to induce the federal government to take action to counteract the dumping of steel by foreign producers at below-market prices. Neither the concessions nor anti-dumping laws have restored the industry to the health and prestige it once had.[92]
In December 2022, a new four-year contract was ratified between members of the United Steelworkers union and U.S. Steel. This contract covers 11,000 workers at 13 locations. The new agreements were retroactive to September 1, 2022, and included a 5% base wage increase each year for the four years, a $4,000 bonus upon ratification of the deal, $0.50/hour increase in hourly contributions to the Steel Workers Pension Trust, $0.10/hour increase in 401(k) contributions, and uncapped profit-sharing.[93]
During the1948 Donora smog, anair inversion trapped industrial effluent (air pollution) from the American Steel and Wire plant and U.S. Steel's Donora Zinc Works in Donora, Pennsylvania.[94]
In three days, 20 people died... After the inversion lifted, another 50 died, including Lukasz Musial, the father of baseball greatStan Musial. Hundreds more lived the rest of their lives with damaged lungs and hearts. But another 40 years would pass before the whole truth about Donora's bad air made public-health history.[95]
Today the Donora Smog Museum in that city tells of the influence that the hazardous Donora Smog had on the air quality standards enacted by the federal government in subsequent years.
Researchers at thePolitical Economy Research Institute have ranked U.S. Steel as the 58th-greatest corporate producer ofair pollution in the United States (down from their 2000 ranking as the second-greatest).[96] In 2008, the company released more than one million kg (2.2 million pounds) of toxins, chieflyammonia,hydrochloric acid,ethylene,zinc compounds,methanol, andbenzene, but includingmanganese,cyanide, andchromium compounds.[97] In 2004, the city ofRiver Rouge, Michigan, and the residents of River Rouge and the nearby city ofEcorse filed aclass-action lawsuit against the company for "the release and discharge of air particulate matter...and other toxic and hazardous substances"[98] at its River Rouge plant.[99]
The company has also been implicated in generatingwater pollution andtoxic waste. In 1993, theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued an order for U.S. Steel to clean up a site on theDelaware River inFairless Hills, Pennsylvania, where the soil had been contaminated witharsenic,lead, and otherheavy metals, as well asnaphthalene. Groundwater at the site was found to be polluted withpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons andtrichloroethylene (TCE).[100] In 2005, the EPA,United States Department of Justice, and theState of Ohio reached asettlement requiring U.S. Steel to pay more than $100,000 in penalties and $294,000 in reparations in answer to allegations that the company illegally released pollutants into Ohio waters.[101] U.S. Steel'sGary, Indiana facility has been repeatedly charged with discharging polluted wastewater intoLake Michigan and theGrand Calumet River. In 1998 the company agreed to payment of a $30 million settlement to clean up contaminated sediments from a five-mile (8 km) stretch of the river.[102]
With the exception of the Fairless Hills and Gary facilities, the lawsuits concern facilities acquired by U.S. Steel via its 2003 purchase ofNational Steel Corporation, not its historic facilities.[citation needed]
In 2021, U.S. Steel announced a goal to target net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The company previously set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 20% by 2030.[103]
TheU.S. Steel Tower inPittsburgh,Pennsylvania, is named after the company and since 1970, the company's corporate headquarters have been located there. It is the tallest skyscraper in thedowntown Pittsburgh skyline, built out of the company's Corten Steel.[104] New York City'sOne Liberty Plaza was also built by the corporation as that city's U.S. Steel Tower in 1973.[105]
When theSteelmark logo was created, U.S. Steel attached the following meaning to it: "Steel lightens your work, brightens your leisure and widens your world."[106] The logo was used as part of a major marketing campaign to educate consumers about how important steel is in people's daily lives. The Steelmark logo was used in print, radio and television ads as well as on labels for all steel products, from steel tanks to tricycles to filing cabinets.[107]
In the 1960s, U.S. Steel turned over the Steelmark program to the AISI, where it came to represent the steel industry as a whole. During the 1970s, the logo's meaning was extended to include the three materials used to produce steel: yellow for coal, orange for ore and blue for steel scrap. In the late 1980s, when the AISI founded the Steel Recycling Institute (SRI), the logo took on a new life reminiscent of its 1950s meaning.[108]
ThePittsburgh Steelers professional football team borrowed elements of its logo, a circle containing threehypocycloids, from the Steelmark logo belonging to theAmerican Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) and created by U.S. Steel. In the 1950s, when helmet logos became popular, the Steelers added players' numbers to either side of their gold helmets. Later that decade, the numbers were removed and in 1962, Cleveland'sRepublic Steel suggested to the Steelers that they use the Steelmark as a helmet logo.[109]
U.S. Steel financed and constructed theUnisphere inFlushing Meadows-Corona Park,Queens,New York, for the1964 World's Fair. It is the largest globe ever made and is one of the world's largest free-standing sculptures.[110][111]
TheChicago Picasso sculpture was fabricated by U.S. Steel inGary, Indiana, before being disassembled and relocated to Chicago.[112] U.S. Steel donated the steel for the construction ofSt. Michael's Catholic Church in Chicago since 90 percent of the parishioners worked at its mills.[113]
U.S. Steel sponsoredThe United States Steel Hour television program from 1945 until 1963 on CBS. U.S. Steel built both theDisney's Contemporary Resort[114][115][116] and theDisney's Polynesian Resort in 1971 atWalt Disney World, in part to showcase its residential steel building "modular" products to high-end and luxury consumers.[117]
This same U.S. Steel manufacturing plant that was located on Disney property also helped build the now defunctCourt of Flags Resort in Orlando, Florida, on Major Blvd.
U.S. Steel was also involved with Floridareal estate development including building beachfront condominiums during the 1970s, such as Sand Key nearDaytona Beach, Florida,[118][119][120] and the Pasadena Yacht and Country Club nearSt. Petersburg, Florida.[121]
U.S. Steel has multiple domestic and international facilities.[122]
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Of note in the United States areClairton Coke Works,Edgar Thomson Works, andIrvin Plant, which are all members of Mon Valley Works[123] just outside Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Clairton Works is the largest coking facility in North America.Edgar Thomson Works is one of the oldest steel mills in the world. The company acquired Great Lakes Works and Granite City Works, both large integrated steel mills, in 2003 and is partnered withSeverstal North America in operating the world's largest electro-galvanizing line, Double Eagle Steel Coating Company at the historic Rouge complex inDearborn, Michigan.
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U.S. Steel's largest domestic facility isGary Works, inGary, Indiana, on the shore of Lake Michigan. For many years, the Gary Works Plant was the world-largest steel mill and it remains the largest integrated mill in North America. It was built in 1906 and has been operating since June 28, 1908. Gary is also home to theU.S. Steel Yard baseball stadium.
U.S. Steel operates atin mill inEast Chicago now known as East Chicago Tin.[124] The mill was idled in 2015, but reopened shortly after.[125] The mill was then 'permanently idled' in 2019, however the facility remains in possession of the corporation as of early 2020.[126]
U.S. Steel operates a sheet and tin finishing facility inPortage, Indiana, known as Midwest Plant, acquired after theNational Steel Corporation bankruptcy. U.S. Steel acquiredNational Steel Corporation in May 2003 for $850 million and assumption of $200 million in debt. U.S. Steel operates Great Lakes Works[127] inEcorse, Michigan, Midwest Plant in Portage, Indiana, and Granite City Steel inGranite City, Illinois. In 2008 a major expansion of Granite City was announced, including a new coke plant with an annual capacity of 650,000 tons.[128]
U.S. Steel operates Fairfield Works inFairfield, Alabama (Birmingham), employing 1,500 people, and operates a sheet galvanizing operation at the Fairless Works facility inFairless Hills, Pennsylvania, employing 75 people.
U.S. Steel operates three pipe mills: Fairfield Tubular Operations inFairfield, Alabama (Birmingham), McKeesport Tubular Operations, inMcKeesport, Pennsylvania, and Texas Operations (Formerly Lone Star Steel) inLone Star, Texas. A fourth pipe mill, Lorain Tubular Operations inLorain, Ohio is no longer operating at this time.
U.S. Steel operates two majortaconite mining and pelletizing operations in northeastern Minnesota'sIron Range under the operating name Minnesota Ore Operations. The Minntac mine is located nearMountain Iron, Minnesota, and the Keetac mine is nearKeewatin, Minnesota. U.S. Steel announced on February 1, 2008, that it would be investing approximately $300 million in upgrading (project later abandoned) the operations at Keetac, a facility purchased in 2003 from the now-defunctNational Steel Corporation.[129] In December 2022, an investment of $150 million was made in the plant.[130]
U.S. Steel has completely closed nine of its major integrated mills. TheDuluth Works inDuluth, Minnesota, closed in 1973. The Worcester Works inWorcester, Massachusetts closed in 1977.[131] The Ohio Works and Macdonald Works inYoungstown, Ohio, closed in 1980, the Duquesne Works inDuquesne, Pennsylvania, and Ensley Works in Ensley, Alabama in 1984, the Homestead Works inHomestead, Pennsylvania, in 1986.Geneva Steel inVineyard, Utah, was sold in 1987,South Chicago'sSouth Works closed in 1992, followed by the National Tube Works inMckeesport, Pennsylvania, in 2014.
Internationally, U.S. Steel operates facilities in Slovakia (formerEast Slovakian Iron Works inKošice). It also operated facilities in Serbia – formerSartid with facilities inSmederevo (steel plant, hot and cold mill) andŠabac (tin mill).[132]
U.S. Steel added facilities inTexas with the purchase ofLone Star Steel Company in 2007.[133]
The company operates two joint ventures inPittsburg, California, withPOSCO ofSouth Korea.[134]
U.S. Steel added facilities inHamilton andNanticoke, Ontario,Canada, with the purchase ofStelco (now U.S. Steel Canada) in 2007.[135] These facilities were sold in 2016 to venture capital firm Bedrock Resources and has since been renamed Stelco. The blast furnace in Hamilton has not been reactivated as they were shut down by U.S. Steel in 2013, and since has been demolished. The blast furnace in Nanticoke is now operating.[136]
The company opened a training facility, the Mon Valley Works Training Hub, in Duquesne, Pennsylvania, in 2008. The state-of-the-art facility, located on a portion of the property once occupied by the company's Duquesne Works, serves as the primary training site for employees at U.S. Steel's three Pittsburgh-area Mon Valley Works locations. This site also served as the company's temporary technical support headquarters during the2009 G20 Summit.[137]
In January 2021, U.S. Steel fully acquired Big River Steel in northeast Arkansas.[138][139] In February 2022, U.S. Steel began construction of a new mill in Osceola, Arkansas, which is expected to be operational by 2024.[140] The new Osceola plant will be adjacent to U.S. Steel's Big River Steel. Together the facilities will be known as Big River Steel Works.[141]
In June 2022, U.S. Steel signed a non-binding letter of intent with SunCoke Energy that would allow SunCoke to purchase two blast furnaces from U.S. Steel's Granite City Works for use in pig iron fabrication.[142]
| State | Facility | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh) | Mon Valley Works | Open |
| Pennsylvania (Fairless Hills) | Fairless Works | Open |
| Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh) | Duquesne Works | Closed 1984 |
| Pennsylvania (Homestead) | Homestead Works | Closed 1986 |
| Pennsylvania (McKeesport) | McKeesport Tubular | Closed 2014 |
| Indiana (Portage) | Midwest Plant | Open |
| Indiana (Gary) | Gary Works | Open |
| Indiana (East Chicago) | East Chicago Tin | closed 2019 |
| Illinois (Granite City) | Granite City Works | Open |
| Illinois (Chicago) | South Works | Closed 1992 |
| Massachusetts (Worcester) | Worcester Works | Closed 1977 |
| Minnesota (Iron Range) | Minntac Mine, Keetac Mine | Open |
| Minnesota (Duluth) | Duluth Works | Closed 1973 |
| Ohio (Lorain) | Lorain Tubular | Idled |
| Ohio (Youngstown) | Ohio Works | Closed 1980 |
| Michigan (Ecorse) | Great Lakes Works | Open |
| Michigan (Dearborn) | Double Eagle Steel Coating | Closed 2014 |
| Alabama (Birmingham) | Fairfield Works, Fairfield Tubular | Open |
| Alabama (Ensley) | Ensley Works | Closed 1984 |
| Arkansas (Osceola) | Big River Steel Works | Opened 2021 |
| Texas (Lone Star) | Texas Operations | Open 2007 |
| Utah (Vineyard) | Geneva Steel | Sold 1987 |
U.S. Steel once owned the Northampton and Bath Railroad.[143] The N&B was an 11-kilometer (6.8 mi)Shortline railroad built in 1904 that served Atlas Cement inNorthampton, Pennsylvania, and Keystone Cement inBath, Pennsylvania.[144] By 1979 cement shipments had dropped off such that the railroad was no longer economically viable, and U.S. Steel abandoned the line. A 1.5-kilometer (0.93 mi) section of track was retained to serve Atlas Cement. The remainder of the right-of-way was transformed into theNor-Bath Trail.[145] U.S. Steel also owned theAtlantic City Mine Railroad, whose 76.7-mile (123.4 km) line in Wyoming operated from 1962 until 1983 and served an iron ore mine north ofAtlantic City, Wyoming.
Through its Transtar subsidiary, U.S. Steel also owned other railroads that served its mines and mills. Those properties included theDuluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway in the iron-mining region of northeast Minnesota; theElgin, Joliet & Eastern that served its Gary Works in northwest Indiana; theBirmingham Southern Railroad serving the U.S. Steel mill in Birmingham, Alabama; and theBessemer & Lake Erie andUnion railroads in western Pennsylvania that delivered iron ore and provided plant-switching services at its mill complex in Braddock, Pennsylvania and coke works in Clairton, Pennsylvania.[citation needed]
U.S. Steel also owned a largeGreat Lakescommercial freighter fleet, under the Pittsburgh Steamship Company, that transported its raw materials from the Duluth area to Ashtabula, Ohio; Gary, Indiana; and Conneaut, Ohio. The laker fleet, the B&LE, and the DM&IR were acquired byCanadian National after U.S. Steel sold most ofTranstar to that company. The ships are leased out to a different, domestic operator because of theUnited States cabotage law.[citation needed]
In January 2025, U.S. Steel received the Equality 100 Award from theHuman Rights Campaign Foundation (HRCF) after earning a perfect score on the Corporate Equality Index (CEI) for the fifth consecutive year.[146]
The key trends for U.S. Steel are (as of the financial year ending December 31):[147]
| Year | Revenue in million USD | Net income in million USD | Total assets in million USD | Employees |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 17,374 | −482 | 15,350 | 42,000 |
| 2011 | 19,884 | −53 | 16,073 | 43,000 |
| 2012 | 19,328 | −124 | 15,217 | 39,000 |
| 2013 | 17,424 | −1,645 | 13,143 | 26,000 |
| 2014 | 17,507 | 102 | 12,013 | 23,000 |
| 2015 | 11,574 | −1,642 | 9,167 | 21,000 |
| 2016 | 10,261 | −440 | 9,160 | 29,800 |
| 2017 | 12,250 | 387 | 9,862 | 29,200 |
| 2018 | 14,178 | 1,115 | 10,982 | 29,000 |
| 2019 | 12,937 | −630 | 11,608 | 27,500 |
| 2020 | 9,741 | −1,165 | 12,059 | 23,350 |
| 2021 | 20,275 | 4,174 | 17,816 | 24,540 |
| 2022 | 21,065 | 2,524 | 19,458 | 22,740 |
| 2023 | 18,053 | 895 | 20,451 | 21,803 |
| 2024 | 15,640 | 384 | 20,235 | 22,053 |
U.S. Steel is mainly owned by institutional investors. The 10 largest shareholders in late 2024 were:[148]
[Henry Clay] Frick had also been one of the founding directors of U.S. Steel, and he remained closely associated with that company...
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)A little more than a year after announcing its intentions, United States Steel Corp. has acquired Big River Steel. The Pittsburgh-based company announced in a news release it closed acquisition of the remaining equity for approximately $764 million from cash on hand.
United States Steel Corporation (X) recently announced the completion of the purchase of remaining equity of Big River Steel for roughly $774 million from cash on hand. The transaction conforms to customary closing conditions, including antitrust approval from the United States Department of Justice.
United States Steel Corporation broke ground on a new steel mill in Osceola, Ark. that will bring thousands of jobs to the area…Project completion and full operation is expected by 2024.
The new plant will be adjacent to U.S. Steel's Big River Steel. Together, the two facilities will be known as Big River Steel Works, the release said. The new plant is expected to bring 900 plant jobs to the area, along with thousands of construction jobs.
Additionally, US Steel said it has signed a non-binding letter of intent with SunCoke for a potential arrangement in which SunCoke would acquire the two blast furnaces at US Steel's Granite City Works and build a 2 million st/year granulated pig iron production facility.
benjamin franklin fairless.
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