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Ušumgallu

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
One of three horned snakes in Akkadian mythology
Part ofa series on
Religion in Mesopotamia
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Chaos Monster and Sun God
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Ušumgallu orUshumgallu[2] (Sumerian:𒁔𒃲ušum.gal, "Great Dragon")[5] was one of the three horned snakes inAkkadian mythology, along with theBašmu andMušmaḫḫū. Usually described as alion-dragondemon,[1] it has been somewhat speculatively identified with the four-legged, wingeddragon of the late 3rd millennium BCE.

Mythology

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Tiamat is said to have "clothed the raging lion-dragon with fearsomeness" in the Epic of Creation,Enuma Elish. The godNabû was described as "he who tramples the lion-dragon" in the hymn to Nabû.[6] The late neo-Assyrian text "Myth of the Seven Sages" recalls: "The fourth (of the seven apkallu's, "sages", is) Lu-Nanna, (only) two-thirds Apkallu, who drove theušumgallu-dragon from É-ninkarnunna, the temple ofIštar ofŠulgi."[7]

Aššur-nāṣir-apli II placed golden icons of ušumgallu at the pedestal ofNinurta.[8] Its name became a royal and divine epithet, for example:ušumgal kališ parakkī, "unrivaled ruler of all the sanctuaries".[9]Marduk is called "theušumgallu-dragon of the great heavens".

In the god listAn = Anum Ušumgal is listed as thesukkal (vizier) ofNinkilim.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^abušumgallu, CAD U/W, pp. 330–331.
  2. ^Syllablized asÚ-šum-gal-lu.[1]
  3. ^F. A. M. Wiggermann (1992).Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The Ritual Texts. Styx Publications. p. 167.ISBN 978-9072371522.
  4. ^Irene Winter (2009).On Art in the Ancient Near East: Of the First Millennium B.C.E, Volume 1. Brill. pp. 28–29.
  5. ^Wiggermann instead proposes "prime venomous snake”.[3] Winter translated it as "predator".[4]
  6. ^KAR 104, 29.
  7. ^E. Reiner (1961). "The Etiological Myth of the "Seven Sages"".Orientalia (30):1–11.
  8. ^A. Leo Oppenheim (2011). "Assyrian and Babylonian Historical Texts: The Banquet of Ashurnasirpal II". In James Bennett Pritchard (ed.).The Ancient Near East: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Princeton University Press. p. 253.
  9. ^Kyle Greenwood (2011). "A Shuilla: Marduk 2". In Alan Lenzi (ed.).Reading Akkadian prayers and hymns : an introduction. SBL. pp. 317, 323.
  10. ^R. L. Litke,A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babylonian God-lists, AN:dA-nu-um and AN:Anu Ŝá Amēli, 1998, p. 172
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