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Tyrol Castle

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Coordinates:46°41′38.9″N11°8′41.3″E / 46.694139°N 11.144806°E /46.694139; 11.144806

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Medieval castle in Tirol, northern Italy

Tirol Castle
Tirol,South Tyrol,Italy
View from Tirol village
Site information
Condition	Preserved
Location

Coordinates	46°41′38.9″N11°8′41.3″E / 46.694139°N 11.144806°E /46.694139; 11.144806
Site history
Built	Before 1100
Built by	Counts of Tyrol

Tyrol Castle, less commonlyTirol Castle (German:Schloss Tirol,Italian:Castel Tirolo) is a castle in thecomune (municipality) ofTirol nearMerano, in theBurggrafenamt district ofSouth Tyrol,Italy. It was the ancestral seat of theCounts of Tyrol and gave the wholeTyrol region its name.

History

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The castle hill has been inhabited since ancient times. Several artefacts and one field of graves from the earlyMiddle Ages have been identified.^[1]Archeologists have excavated a church with threeapses dating from the early Christian period.

The first castle was built before 1100. The second construction phase including thekeep dates to 1139/40. A third phase of construction took place in the second half of the 13th century under CountMeinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol. In 1347 Meinhard's granddaughter CountessMargaret of Tyrol was besieged here by the forces of theLuxembourg kingCharles IV. The castle remained the seat of Tyrol's sovereigns until 1420, when theHabsburg archdukeFrederick IV moved the administrative seat toInnsbruck north of theBrenner Pass.

In modern times parts of the castle fell into the so-called"Köstengraben", a steep gorge. It was even sold in order to be used as a quarry. In the 19th century the castle was restored; the keep was rebuilt in 1904.

Regarding art history, thefrescos of the castle's chapel are of special interest as well as twoRomanesque portals with opulentmarble sculptures showinglegendary creatures, religious themes, and geometricornaments.^[2] The chapel also houses the oldest-known painting of thecoat of arms of Tyrol, the Red Eagle.^[3]

The castle has served as the site of a museum since the early 1980s. Since then, the late Middle Ages have yielded a series of amazing archaeological discoveries.^[4] Since 2003, Tyrol Castle houses theSouth Tyrolean Museum of History [Wikidata]. Next to the castle there is afalconry with a nursing ward for birds of prey.^[5]

Exterior
Courtyard
Romanesque portal of the castle's chapel
Portal of the chapel, detail

References

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^Mras, Gertud (2004). "Die Grabplatte der Lobecena aus der frühmittelalterlichen Kirche auf dem Burghügel von Schloss Tirol aus epigraphischer Sicht".Tiroler Heimat.68:5–10.
^Gerhard Seebach (1995). "Die romanischen Portale auf Burg Tirol. Eine bauhistorische Untersuchung." InEines Fürsten Traum. Katalog der Landesausstellung Schloß Tirol-Stift Stams. Dorf Tirol, pp. 79–93.
^"Visiting Tyrol Castle: Ancient Might of the Alps".Throne & Vine. 2021-03-30. Retrieved2022-12-13.
^Das Geheimnis der Turris Parva. Spuren hochmittelalterlicher Vergangenheit in Schloß Tirol. With contributions by Martin Bitschnau, Walter Hauser, Petr Hlaváček, Barbara Lanz, Martin Mittermair, Wolfgang Neuner, Kurt Nicolussi, Walter Oberhuber, Hannes Obermair, Klaus Oeggl, Harald Stadler, and Irene Tomedi. Innsbruck 1998,ISBN 3-900773-18-1 (= NEARCHOS, Sonderheft 1).
^"Pflegezentrum".Greifvogel-Pflugschau. Retrieved13 August 2019.