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Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt

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Ancient Egyptian dynasty

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Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt

943 BC–716 BC

Pendant bearing the cartouche ofOsorkon II
seated Osiris flanked by Horus and Isis

Capital

Bubastis,Tanis

Common languages

Egyptian language

Religion

Ancient Egyptian Religion

Government

Absolute monarchy

Historical era

Third Intermediate Period of Egypt

• Established

943 BC

• Disestablished

716 BC

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt

Periods anddynasties ofancient Egypt

All years areBC

First Dynasty	I	c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty	II	2890–2686

Old Kingdom

Third Dynasty	III	2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty	IV	2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty	V	2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty	VI	2345–2181

First Intermediate

Seventh Dynasty	VII	spurious
Eighth Dynasty	VIII	2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty	IX	2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty	X	2130–2040
EarlyEleventh Dynasty	XI	2134–2061

Middle Kingdom

LateEleventh Dynasty	XI	2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty	XII	1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty	XIII	1803–1649

Second Intermediate

Fourteenth Dynasty	XIV	1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos)	XV	1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty	XVI	1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty		1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty	XVII	1580–1549

New Kingdom

Eighteenth Dynasty	XVIII	1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty	XIX	1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty	XX	1189–1077

Third Intermediate

Twenty-first Dynasty	XXI	1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty	XXII	945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty	XXIII	837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty	XXIV	732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian)	XXV	732–653

Late Period

Twenty-sixth Dynasty	XXVI	672–525
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period)	XXVII	525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty	XXVIII	404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty	XXIX	398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty	XXX	380–343
Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period)	XXXI	343–332

Hellenistic Egypt

Thirty-second Dynasty	XXXII	332–305
Thirty-third Dynasty	XXXIII	305–30

Roman Egypt

Thirty-fourth Dynasty
(Roman Pharaohs)

XXXIV

30 BC – 313 AD

Byzantine Egypt

Thirty-fifth Dynasty
(speculated)

XXXV

379 AD – 641 AD

See also:List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
Periodization of ancient Egypt

TheTwenty-second Dynasty was anAncient Egyptian dynasty ofancient Libyan origin founded byShoshenq I.^[1] It is also known as theBubastite Dynasty, since the pharaohs originally ruled from the city ofBubastis.^[2]

The Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-fifth dynasties ofancient Egypt are often combined under the group designation of theThird Intermediate Period.

Rulers

[edit]

Thepharaohs of the Twenty-second Dynasty were a series ofMeshwesh (ancient Libyan^[a] tribe) chieftains, who ruled from c. 943 BC until 716 BC. They had settled in Egypt since theTwentieth Dynasty and were known in Egypt as the 'Great Chiefs of the Ma' (Ma being a synonym of Meshwesh).Manetho states that this Egyptianized ancient Libyan dynasty first ruled overBubastis, but its rulers almost certainly governed fromTanis, which was their capital and the city where their tombs have been excavated.

Another pharaoh who belongs to this group isTutkheperre Shoshenq. His period of rule within this dynasty is currently uncertain, although he is now thought to have governed Egypt early in the 9th century BC for a short time betweenOsorkon I andTakelot I. The next ruler at Tanis afterShoshenq V wasOsorkon IV. This pharaoh is sometimes not believed to be a member of the 22nd Dynasty since he only controlled a small portion of Lower Egypt together withTefnakhte ofSais, whose authority was recognised atMemphis—andIuput II ofLeontopolis.

Pharaohs

[edit]

The known rulers during the Twenty-second Dynasty include:

Dynasty XXII Kings of Egypt
Pharaoh	Prenomen (Throne name)	Horus-name	Reign	Consort(s)	Comments
Shoshenq I	Hedjkheperre-Setepenre	Kanakhtmeryre Sekhaefemnesuersematawy	943–922 BC	Patareshnes Karomama A	Possibly to be identified with thebiblical Shishak
Osorkon I	Sekhemkheperre-Setepenre	Kanakhtmeryre Redjensuitemuhernesetefergeregtawy	922–887 BC	Maatkare B Tashedkhonsu Shepensopdet A
Shoshenq II	Heqakheperre-Setepenre	(unknown)	887–885 BC	Nesitanebetashru Nesitaudjatakhet	Enjoyed an independent reign of two years at Tanis according toVon Beckerath
Takelot I	Hedjkheperre-Setepenre	(unknown)	885–872 BC	Kapes
Osorkon II	Usermaatre-Setepenamun	Kanakhtmerymaat	872–837 BC	Isetemkheb G Karomama B Djedmutesankh	Possibly one of the twelve kings who formed an alliance to fightShalmaneser III ofAssyria at thebattle of Qarqar in 853 BC.^[5]
Shoshenq III	Usermaatre-Setepenre	Kanakhtmesutre	837–798 BC	Tadibast II Tentamenopet Djedbastiusankh
Shoshenq IV	Hedjkheperre-Setepenre	(unknown)	798–785 BC		Not to be confused withShoshenq VI; the original Shoshenq IV in publications before 1993
Pami	Usermaatre-Setepenamun	(unknown)	785–778 BC		Buried twoApis bulls in his reign
Shoshenq V	Akheperre	Userpehty	767–730 BC	Tadibast III?	Successor ofShoshenq V was often stated asOsorkon IV;some say it isPedubast II
Pedubast II	Sehetepibenre	(unknown)	743–733 BC	Tadibast III?	Not mentioned in all Pharaoh lists, placement disputed
Osorkon IV	Usermaatre	(unknown)	730–716 BC		Not always listed as a true member of the XXII Dynasty, but succeeded Shoshenq V at Tanis. Perhaps the biblical Pharaoh So (2 Kings 17:4).

Celebration and folklore

[edit]

The rise to power of the Twenty-second dynasty and its founder Sheshqonq, a Libyan Amazigh king of theMeshwesh tribe, is remembered as year 0 of theBerber calendar celebrated by the Berber New Year each year: theYennayer. The character is known as Ouchachnaq, hero of aKabyle tale, "Sheshqonq and Mira", but is also mentioned in an ancient Berber nursery rhyme from the region under the name of Ouchnaq.^[6]

Twenty-third Dynasty

The so-calledTwenty-third Dynasty was an offshoot of this dynasty perhaps based inUpper Egypt, though there is much debate concerning this issue. All of its kings reigned in Middle and Upper Egypt including theWestern Desert Oases.

Notes

[edit]

^The term "Libya" in Egyptology refers to the areas west of the Nile valley.^[3]^[4]

References

[edit]

^The Libyan Anarchy: Inscriptions from Egypt's Third Intermediate Period. Society of Biblical Lit. 2009. p. 2.ISBN 978-1-58983-174-2.
^"The geographic origins of the Bubastite Dynasty and possible locations for the royal residence and burial place of Shoshenq I"
^"Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt Vol. 46(2010)". American Research Center in Egypt. 2010: 170.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
^"Journal of Egyptian History 11 (2018)". Brill. 2018: 147.{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)
^Grayson, A. Kirk (1996).Assyrian Rulers of the Early First Millennium BC II (858-745 BC) (RIMA 3). p. Shalmaneser III 2: ii92.
^Allioui, Youcef (2013).Histoire d'amour de Sheshonq 1er, roi berbère et pharaon d'Égypte (in French). Harmattan. p. 7.ISBN 978-2-343-00213-2.

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