| Tuzigoot National Monument | |
|---|---|
 Part of the Tuzigoot pueblo | |
   | |
| Location | Yavapai County, Arizona, US |
| Nearest city | Cottonwood, Arizona |
| Coordinates | 34°46′15″N112°01′34″W / 34.7708537°N 112.0259912°W /34.7708537; -112.0259912 |
| Area | 811.89 acres (328.56 ha)[1] |
| Created | July 25, 1939 (1939-07-25) |
| Visitors | 98,090 (in 2018)[2] |
| Governing body | National Park Service |
| Website | Tuzigoot National Monument |
Tuzigoot National Monument (Yavapai:ʼHaktlakva,Western Apache:Tú Digiz) preserves a 2- to 3-storypueblo ruin on the summit of a limestone and sandstone ridge just east ofClarkdale, Arizona, 120 feet (37 m) above theVerde River floodplain. The Tuzigoot Site is an elongated complex of stone masonry rooms that were built along the spine of a natural outcrop in theVerde Valley. The central rooms stand higher than the others and they appear to have served public functions.[3] The pueblo has 110 rooms.[4] TheNational Park Service currently administers 58 acres (23 hectares), within an authorized boundary of 834 acres (338 hectares).[5]
″Tú Digiz/Tuzigoot″ is aTonto Apache term for "crooked waters,"[6] from nearbyPecks Lake, a cutoffmeander of the Verde River; from Tú Digiz one principal Tonto Apache clan gets its name. The pueblo was built by theSinagua people between 1125 and 1400 CE. Tuzigoot is the largest and best preserved of the many Sinagua pueblo ruins in theVerde Valley. The ruins at Tuzigoot incorporate very few doors; instead, the inhabitants used ladders accessed by trapdoor type openings in the roofs to enter each room.
The monument is on land once owned byUnited Verde/Phelps Dodge. The corporation sold the site toYavapai County for $1 so that the excavation could be completed under the auspices of federal relief projects. The county in turn transferred the land to the federal government.[7]
Tuzigoot was excavated from 1933 to 1935 by Louis Caywood and Edward Spicer of theUniversity of Arizona, with funding from the federalCivil Works Administration andWorks Project Administration. In 1935–1936, with additional federal funding, the ruins were prepared for public display, and aPueblo Revival-style museum and visitor center was constructed.[citation needed]
Franklin D. Roosevelt designated Tuzigoot Ruins as aU.S. National Monument on July 25, 1939.[8] TheTuzigoot National Monument Archeological District was listed on theNational Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.[9][10]
The ruins are surrounded by thetailings pond of the former United Verde copper mine atJerome. The tailings have recently been stabilized and revegetated.[11]
Tuzigoot National Monument has asemi-arid climate (Köppen:BSk) with cool winters and very hot summers.
| Climate data for Tuzigoot National Monument, Arizona, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1920–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 80 (27) | 87 (31) | 92 (33) | 98 (37) | 107 (42) | 118 (48) | 116 (47) | 114 (46) | 113 (45) | 104 (40) | 91 (33) | 79 (26) | 118 (48) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 71.5 (21.9) | 74.9 (23.8) | 82.5 (28.1) | 91.3 (32.9) | 99.5 (37.5) | 108.1 (42.3) | 109.9 (43.3) | 106.7 (41.5) | 100.8 (38.2) | 92.5 (33.6) | 81.8 (27.7) | 71.3 (21.8) | 111.3 (44.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 60.9 (16.1) | 64.5 (18.1) | 71.2 (21.8) | 78.9 (26.1) | 87.9 (31.1) | 98.9 (37.2) | 101.1 (38.4) | 98.4 (36.9) | 93.1 (33.9) | 82.6 (28.1) | 70.5 (21.4) | 59.8 (15.4) | 80.6 (27.0) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 45.3 (7.4) | 48.6 (9.2) | 54.4 (12.4) | 61.0 (16.1) | 69.4 (20.8) | 79.1 (26.2) | 83.9 (28.8) | 82.0 (27.8) | 75.7 (24.3) | 64.7 (18.2) | 53.3 (11.8) | 44.6 (7.0) | 63.5 (17.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 29.8 (−1.2) | 32.7 (0.4) | 37.6 (3.1) | 43.0 (6.1) | 50.8 (10.4) | 59.3 (15.2) | 66.8 (19.3) | 65.5 (18.6) | 58.4 (14.7) | 46.7 (8.2) | 36.0 (2.2) | 29.4 (−1.4) | 46.3 (7.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 20.9 (−6.2) | 23.2 (−4.9) | 28.4 (−2.0) | 33.6 (0.9) | 40.1 (4.5) | 49.6 (9.8) | 59.3 (15.2) | 59.1 (15.1) | 49.0 (9.4) | 36.0 (2.2) | 25.2 (−3.8) | 20.1 (−6.6) | 17.8 (−7.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 5 (−15) | 6 (−14) | 14 (−10) | 24 (−4) | 29 (−2) | 40 (4) | 52 (11) | 46 (8) | 41 (5) | 21 (−6) | 8 (−13) | 8 (−13) | 5 (−15) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 1.10 (28) | 0.99 (25) | 1.01 (26) | 0.43 (11) | 0.42 (11) | 0.18 (4.6) | 1.64 (42) | 2.15 (55) | 1.30 (33) | 0.96 (24) | 0.70 (18) | 1.12 (28) | 12.00 (305) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.3 (0.76) | 1.0 (2.5) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 inch) | 4.6 | 5.2 | 4.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 52.9 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 inch) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 |
| Source:NOAA[12][13] | |||||||||||||
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