This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Turkish presidential elections" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(May 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Turkish presidential elections are held inTurkey as part of thegeneral elections every five years, to determine who will serve as thePresident of Turkey.

There have been 22 elections for thePresident of Turkey since the establishment of the republic, in 1923, electing 12 distinctTurkish citizens as president.Mustafa Kemal Atatürk andİsmet İnönü were elected four times,Celal Bayar andRecep Tayyip Erdoğan were elected three times,Cemal Gürsel,Cevdet Sunay,Fahri Korutürk,Turgut Özal,Süleyman Demirel,Ahmet Necdet Sezer andAbdullah Gül were each elected once.Kenan Evren became the president without an election, so that he assumed the title by the ratification of the present constitution on 7 November 1982 (Constitution of Turkey provisional article 1).

Throughout the years, the nature and importance of Turkish presidential elections have changed as a result of constitutional amendments.

Before 2014, the President was elected by MPs in theTurkish parliament.

The2014 presidential elections was the firstdirect election of a President, a result of a2007 referendum created and backed by the rulingJustice and Development Party (AK party).

Following the approval of constitutional changes in areferendum held in 2017, the electedPresident became both thehead of state andhead of government.^[1] As a result, theparliamentary system of government was replaced with anexecutive presidency and apresidential system.^[2]

In case of a temporary absence of the president on account of illness, travel abroad, or similar circumstances, theVice President serves as acting president, and exercises the powers of the president until the president resumes his functions, and if the presidency falls vacant as a result of death or resignation or for any other reason, until the election of a new president.

• Elections in Turkey
• List of presidents of Turkey

• Roger P. Nye (1977). "Civil-Military Confrontation in Turkey: The 1973 Presidential Election".International Journal of Middle East Studies, 8, pp 209–228. doi:10.1017/S0020743800026957.

• Presidents of Turkey
• Government of Turkey
• Presidential elections in Turkey

• Articles needing additional references from May 2022
• All articles needing additional references
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata