| Turama–Kikorian | |
|---|---|
| Rumu – Omati River | |
| Geographic distribution | Omati River region,Gulf Province,Papua New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | Papuan Gulf ?
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | tura1263 |
 Map: The Turama–Kikorian languages of New Guinea The Turama–Kikorian languages Trans–New Guinea languages Other Papuan languages Austronesian languages Uninhabited | |
TheTurama–Kikorian languages are afamily identified byArthur Capell (1962)[1] and part of theTrans–New Guinea languages (TNG) family in the classifications ofStephen Wurm (1975) andMalcolm Ross (2005). The family is named after theTurama River andKikori River of southernPapua New Guinea; the alternative name is based more narrowly on theOmati River.
The four languages are clearly related, though Rumu is divergent. Ross states that Rumu links the other (Turama) languages to TNG.
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Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[2]
| gloss | Proto-Rumu-Omati | Proto-Omati River | Rumu |
|---|---|---|---|
| head/top | *mab | *mab | mapô |
| leaf/hair/feather | *b[au]t | *bɔt | ?paɾâu |
| ear | *go̝ | *go̝ | kō |
| eye | *isĩ | *isĩ | ihī |
| nose | *ju | *ju | jū |
| tooth | *magu | *magu | makù |
| foot/leg | *tãᵋ | *tãᵋ | ɾɛ̂ |
| bone | *tab | *tab | ɾapò |
| breast | *sõ̝ | *sõ̝ | hó |
| louse | *gutɔm | *gutɔm | kuɾɔ̀ |
| dog | *gas | *gas | ká ~ kaé |
| pig | *gɔ[u]n | *gɔn | kɔù |
| bird | *gaᵋ | *gaᵋ | ká ~ kaé |
| egg | *d[ɔ]um | *d[ɔ]um | |
| tree | *i | *i | ì |
| sun | *ɛsɔa | *ɛsɔa | ɛhɔ̂ |
| water | *wẽ̝ | *wẽ̝ | |
| fire | *i | *i | ì |
| path | *dɛⁱ | *dɛⁱ | tɛî |
| name | *e̝ne̝ne̝n | *ne̝ne̝n | enené |
| two | *t[aⁱ/aᵋ] | *taᵋ | taí |
The following basic vocabulary words are from Franklin (1973),[3] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database.[4]The sets of words are not necessarily cognate.
| gloss | Rumu | Ikobi-Mena | Mena | Omati |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| head | wotu rapo | mapʰ | mabo | mawo |
| hair | pate | maporo | maboru | mahabero |
| ear | ku pate | kupi | kovi | kovi |
| eye | ihita | si(tom) | sitɔumu | isi |
| nose | yu rapo | bopʰ | boƀo | sorowu |
| tooth | maku | ka̧i̧ yo | kaiyɔ | kokame |
| tongue | ɔhɔ | kumen | kumɛn | komene |
| leg | re riki | hae | hại habo | hai |
| louse | kuro | kurom | kuromiə | kulamu |
| dog | ka | kas | kasə | kase |
| bird | ka | kae | kaiɛ | kae |
| egg | re | tʌom | tʌmɛ | mena hai |
| blood | hokore | kai | kai | kei |
| bone | rapo | hap | havo | havo |
| skin | heitau | kora | kʷaru | kebo |
| breast | hɔ | so̧ | so; šo | šu |
| tree | i | i | ʔi | |
| man | uki | wane | wɔnami; wɔne | gamin |
| woman | wo | besi | bɛse | bes |
| sun | eho | iyos | yosə; yosu | soa |
| moon | pari | wasiba | wasibia; wasibʌŋʌ | baira |
| water | u | mu̧ | mu | fae |
| fire | i | kom | kumu | kumu |
| stone | akapu | kam | kamə | kamu |
| name | paina | nanini | nɛnɛne | nenena |
| eat | nato | nokun; nouwe | nʌᵘwe | damanai |
| one | riabai; ṛiabai | sʌkanɛ | sʌkanɛ | sakaina |
| two | tai | hae | haiɛ | hatarari |