青衣 | |
|---|---|
 Tsing Yi, viewed fromShek Lung Kung | |
  Tsing Yi Location within Hong Kong | |
| Geography | |
| Location | New Territories West |
| Area | 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi) |
| Length | 5.2 km (3.23 mi) |
| Width | 4.5 km (2.8 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 334 m (1096 ft) |
| Highest point | Tsing Yi Peak (Sam Chi Heung) |
| Administration | |
| Districts | Kwai Tsing District |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 191,500 |
| Tsing Yi | |||||||||||||
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| Chinese | 青衣 | ||||||||||||
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Tsing Yi (Chinese:青衣), sometimes referred to asTsing Yi Island, is anisland in theNew Territories ofHong Kong, to the northwest ofHong Kong Island and south ofTsuen Wan. With an area of 10.69 km2 (4.13 sq mi), the island has been extended drastically by reclamation along almost all its natural shore and the annexation ofNga Ying Chau (牙鷹洲) andChau Tsai. Three major bays or harbours,Tsing Yi Lagoon,Mun Tsai Tong, andTsing Yi Bay (青衣灣) in the northeast, have been completely reclaimed fornew towns.
The island is generally zoned into fourquarters: the northeast quarter is aresidential area, the southeast quarter isTsing Yi Town, the southwest holdsheavy industry, and the northwest includes a recreation trail, a transportation interchange and somedockyards andship building industry. The island is in the northwest ofVictoria Harbour and part of its coastline is subject to theProtection of the Harbour Ordinance.
Tsing Yi (青衣) literally means "green/ blue/ black clothes", but is also a kind of fish, most likelyblackspot tuskfish, once abundant in nearby waters. People named the island after the fish.Tsing Yi Tam (青衣潭, Tsing Yi Deep Pool) orTsing Yi Tam Shan (青衣潭山, Tsing Yi Deep Pool Hill) also appeared on some early Chinese maps.
The island was also once known as Chun Fa Lok (春花落), which meansthe fall of spring flowers, orChun Fa Island, on some Western maps. Now,Chun Fa Lok is still a place name or a former village on the southeast corner of the island. A government document in theMing Dynasty named the waters near Chun Fa Lok, Chun Fa Yeung (春花洋), which meansthe ocean of spring flowers. The Ming navy once defeated pirate fleets there.
In some historical sources, it is referred to asTsing-I Island instead ofTsing Yi Island, andChung-Hue Island instead ofChun Fa Island.
Tsing Yi Town, together withKwai Chung Town, is part ofTsuen Wan New Town in theKwai Tsing District in theNew Territories. Although Tsing Yi Island is ade facto outlying island, it is not accordingly included in theIslands District.
Historically, Tsing Yi Island, with Kwai Chung, were usually in the same administration unit asTsuen Wan because of their proximity and close-knit neighbourhood. Unlike Kwai Chung, whosevillages are part ofTsuen Wan Rural Committee, Tsing Yi Island has its own,Tsing Yi Rural Committee. Therural committee was politically significant until the establishment of aDistrict Council andRegional Council (now-abolished), and even less significant since the urban population grew much larger than the rural population.
There were about 4,000 people on the island when the British took the New Territories around 1898. In the following one hundred years, thepopulation has grown to nearly 50 times this size; the 2001Census calculating that the population of the island was 193,432 in 55,478households. In an estimation in 2007, there were about 200,400 people.[1] It was expected to grow to 203,300 in the near future. Most of the population live inTsing Yi Town.
Tsing Yi Island is a hilly island withTsing Yi Peak in the south andLiu To Shan in the north east. Small plain can be found surrounding the formerTsing Yi Lagoon in island northeast. The rocks on the island are mainlygranite and were exposed due to extensive housing, industrial and infrastructure construction. Although the island is not fallen in the administration ofcountry park, most of the hilly area remains green. The Tsing Yi Peak climbs to 334 m (1,096 ft)and is a barrier separating industrial west and residential east.
| Climate data for Tsing Yi (1998–2016) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) | 20.2 (68.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 25.6 (78.1) | 28.5 (83.3) | 30.1 (86.2) | 31.2 (88.2) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.1 (88.0) | 29.1 (84.4) | 25.5 (77.9) | 21.2 (70.2) | 26.3 (79.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.0 (60.8) | 17.1 (62.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 22.9 (73.2) | 26.0 (78.8) | 27.8 (82.0) | 28.6 (83.5) | 28.6 (83.5) | 28.0 (82.4) | 25.7 (78.3) | 22.0 (71.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 23.3 (73.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 14.9 (58.8) | 17.2 (63.0) | 20.9 (69.6) | 24.0 (75.2) | 25.9 (78.6) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 19.7 (67.5) | 15.3 (59.5) | 21.2 (70.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 38.0 (1.50) | 25.6 (1.01) | 64.3 (2.53) | 124.4 (4.90) | 312.7 (12.31) | 429.5 (16.91) | 270.7 (10.66) | 302.7 (11.92) | 222.3 (8.75) | 64.2 (2.53) | 28.0 (1.10) | 26.3 (1.04) | 1,908.7 (75.15) |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 67 | 75 | 76 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 79 | 78 | 73 | 67 | 68 | 63 | 73 |
| Source:Hong Kong Observatory[2] | |||||||||||||
The hilly area of the island largely remains intact and is designated as agreen belt. In 1997 a once lost endemic plant,Hong Kong croton, was found in the woodland beneath the highest peak,Tsing Yi Peak, on the island.
In the early days, the inhabitants on the island were mostly farmers and fishermen. The major population concentrated in the northeast portion of the island. Farmers grewrice, vegetables andpineapples, while fishermen lived in huts connected by plank walkways in the small harbour ofTsing Yi Tong which stretched far back into the island. Many fishermen also lived on theirjunks and boats all the time, fishing in the nearby waters. Even as late as the 1970s, Tsing Yi Tong resembledTai O with its characteristicstilt houses and water vehicles. Like many other fishing villages in Hong Kong, the Tsing Yi dwellers worshippedTin Hau, the goddess of mercy and the sea. ATin Hau Temple was built on the shore of Tsing Yi Tong. At the birthday of Tin Hau, fishermen of all nearby waters would come to the Temple for celebrations. The temple was white in color and thus people call itPak Miu (白廟,lit. 'White Temple').
From the 1920s onwards, a Chinese company builtlime factories on the present site ofGreenfield Garden. It is the earliest known industry on the island. The lime industry continued to flourish during the 1950s, and a tanning factory was also founded at the same period. AfterWorld War II, other heavy industries moved in as well. In the 1960s, several oil companies moved their oil storage depots onto the island and aGreen Island Cement cement plant.CLP later commissioned its 1520MW oil-firedTsing Yi Power Station in 1969 atNam Wan due to its proximity to the oil tank farms. Meanwhile, some smallshipbuilding companies opened on Tsing Yi, and remain on the north side of the island. In the 1970s, six large-scale companies on the island collectively built theTsing Yi Bridge to connect Tsing Yi Town andKwai Chung Town over theRambler Channel. The bridge was soon transferred to theHong Kong Government, remaining the sole road connection to the island for more than ten years. Several industrial buildings for light industries were constructed beside the bridge afterward. Several dockyards moved to the west shore of the island at the end of the 1970s.
During the 1950s,Wok Tai Wan on Tsing Yi Island was a paradise fornudists, and hence Tsing Yi was oncesynonymous with nudism in Hong Kong.
After the establishment of the Tsing Yi Bridge, the Hong Kong government commenced an extensivenew town project on the island.Cheung Ching Estate,Cheung Hong Estate andMayfair Gardens were consequently built in heaps. The vicinity of theMobil oil storage depot to Mayfair Garden and Cheung Ching Estate once aroused enormous concern for the safety of the residents. Some social workers and residents urged the government to relocate the storage facilities. The government decided to halt the last phase of the Mayfair Garden development scheme. The storage facility remained at the same location untilContainer Terminal 9 was on the government's agenda.
Later on, the tenor of town development shifted northward. Two fisherman harbours, Tsing Yi Tong andMun Tsai Tong werereclaimed for residential use. Many fishermen were relocated from their boats parked in the typhoon shelter to the Ching Tao House, a new residential block on land, of Chueng Ching Estate. The land inhabitants were put together into several designated areas so as to re-build their villages. The primary sectors had all died out owing to the drastic town development.Tsing Yi Estate,Cheung On Estate,Cheung Fat Estate, Ching Tai Court and Tsing Yi Garden were built after all reclamations were accomplished.Ching Wah Court was built adjoining to Cheung Hong Estate. At the same time, Tsing Yi Bridge was seriously overburdened and its structure was unable to cope with increasing traffic. There was only a one-way road in each direction on the bridge.Traffic congestion became the burning problem in the community, and subsequently fueled protest. Finally,Tsing Yi North Bridge, a connection toTsuen Wan town was built to ease off the congestion, as well as to accommodate the local residential population boom.
Tsing Yi was continually under further development andGreenfield Garden,Serene Garden,Broadview Garden, andCheung Hang Estate were constructed.
The final decision to relocateHong Kong International Airport spurred a new series of development:Airport Railway,Ting Kau Bridge toTing Kau and NorthNew Territories,Tsing Ma Bridge toMa Wan andLantau Island,Rambler Channel Bridge toKowloon andHong Kong Island,Duplicate Tsing Yi South Bridge on the south side of Tsing Yi Bridge. On the island, new residential projects,Tivoli Garden, Grand Horizon, Mount Haven,Villa Esplanada,Tierra Verde, andCheung Wang Estate were completed. The final part of reclaimed land near the shore had been laid waste for almost a decade untilTsing Yi Promenade was built in 2004. Local Hong Kong cultural pursuits of Chinese music and dancing, walking and Chinese exercise are in evidence in most evenings.
From 2000 to 2004, Container Terminal 9 was built on the reclaimed southwest shore of the island, together with resident blocks,Rambler Crest. Nearby, and well within sight ofCentral. Victoria, a controversial new dioxin burning plant was also put into operation during 2004, arousing much concern for the residents of Tsing Yi and Hong Kong island.
Since 2018, Tsing Yi hosts its very own local craft beer brewery - H.K. Lovecraft, making craft lager instead of craft ale.[3]
| Name | Type | Inaug. | No Blocks | No Units Remained for Rent | Associated developments | |
| Cheung Ching Estate | 長青邨 | Public | 1977 | 8 | 4,905 | |
| Cheung Fat Estate | 長發邨 | Public | 1989 | 4 | 2,067 | Cheung Fat Estate Shopping Centre |
| Cheung Hang Estate | 長亨邨 | Public | 1990 | 6 | 4,689 | |
| Cheung Hong Estate | 長康邨 | Public | 1979 | 13 | 8,100 | |
| Cheung On Estate | 長安邨 | Semi-Private | 1988 | 10 | 7,338 | Cheung On Bus Terminal |
| Cheung Wang Estate | 長宏邨 | Public | 2001 | 7 | 4,273 | |
| Easeful Court | 青逸軒 | Public | 2003 | 2 | 510 | |
| Tsing Yi Estate | 青衣邨 | Public | 1986 | 4 | 930 |
| Name | Type | Inaug. | No Blocks | No Units | Associated developments | |
| Ching Nga Court | 青雅苑 | HOS | 1989 | 1 | 816 | |
| Ching Shing Court | 青盛苑 | HOS | 1985 | 1 | 800 | |
| Ching Tai Court | 青泰苑 | HOS | 1988 | 7 | 2,180 | |
| Ching Wah Court | 青華苑 | HOS | 1986 | 6 | 2,460 | |
| Ching Wang Court | 青宏苑 | HOS | 2001 | 2 | 576 | |
| Serene Garden | 海悅花園 | PSPS | 1992 | 3 | 840 | |
| Tivoli Garden | 宏福花園 | Sandwich | 1995 | 4 | 1024 | |
| Greenview Villa | 綠悠雅苑 | MHPP | 2015 | 3 | 988 | |
| Ching Chun Court | 青俊苑 | HOS | 2017 | 2 | 465 |
| Name | Type | Inaug. | No Blocks | No Units | Associated developments | Developer | |
| Broadview Garden | 偉景花園 | Semi-Private | 7 | 1776 | HK Housing Society | ||
| Grand Horizon | 海欣花園 | Private | 2000 | 5 | 1,432 | Sun Hung Kai | |
| Greenfield Garden | 翠怡花園 | Private | 1989 | 11 | 3,216 | Mall | Sun Hung Kai |
| Mayfair Gardens | 美景花園 | Private | 1977 | 8 | 1912 | Sun Hung Kai | |
| Mount Haven | 曉峰園 | Private | 1999 | 5 | 816 | Sun Hung Kai | |
| Rambler Crest | 藍澄灣 | Private | 5 | 1560 | Mall and hotels | Hutchison Whampoa | |
| Villa Esplanada | 灝景灣 | Private | 1997 | 10 | 2824 | Consortium | |
| Tierra Verde | 盈翠半島 | Private | 12 | 3700 | Maritime Square,Tsing Yi MTR | MTR Corp, Hutchison | |
| Tsing Yi Garden | 青怡花園 | Private | 1986 | 7 | 1,520 | podium arcade | Cheung Kong |
There are three hotels in Tsing Yi Town, at the east of Tsing Yi Island, facing the marvellous view of Rambler Channel and the container terminals. They are:
Tsing Yi Island is a transportation hub in Hong Kong.
Eight bridges connect to the island.
Within the island:
Tsing Yi station, at the northeastern part of Tsing Yi Island, inTsing Yi Town, is served byMTRTung Chung line andAirport Express. It is also the only rail station on the island.
Tsing Yi is served by an extensive bus network, with routes terminating at different parts of Hong Kong.
There are 9bus termini on the island:
Before the completion of Tsing Yi Bridge,ferry was the onlypublic transport to mainland Hong Kong.Tsing Yi Pier was built nearTsing Yi Town before the reclamation. The pier followed the change of shoreline owing after reclamation, and moved to thewaterfront nearGreenfield Garden.
Hovercraft service between Tsuen Wan, Tsing Yi and Central was provided by the formerHongkong and Yaumati Ferry. After the franchise of the company came to an end,Hong Kong and Kowloon Ferry took over the route and operated it.
All ferry services ceased with rapid development of road and rail transport, especiallyMTRTung Chung line with its station just a few hundred metres away from the ferry pier. It no longer takes residents toTsuen Wan andCentral. The pier is now open to the public, and continues to be used as a drop-off point for fishermen and tourists, and as a mooring site for government boats.
In the early days, education on the Tsing Yi Island was mostly private. The first public school on the island isTsing Yi Public School, a primary school founded by villagers and businessmen on the island. In the post-World War II era,Hong Kong Government provides 9-year free education to all children from primary one to secondary three. The public school is then mainly funded by the government. Another school for the children of fishermen, Tsing Yi Fishermen's Children's Primary School, was founded byFish Marketing Organisation. In 1977, Cheung Ching Estate, the first public housing estates on the island, marked the beginning of the new town on the island. To accommodate new schooling children, three primary schools andBuddhist Yip Kei Nam Memorial College, the first secondary school on the island, were built with the estate. More schools were erected when new estates were completed. In 1999, a post-secondary college,Hong Kong Technical College (Tsing Yi), was completed and provides vocational training for all adults in Hong Kong. In the 2000s, the number of schooling children began to drop and the several schools are facing the fatal fate.
All of Tsing Yi is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 66. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money); no government schools are in this net.[4]
Numerous schools are founded on Tsing Yi Island, namely:
Hong Kong Public Libraries maintains the Tsing Yi Public Library in the Tsing Yi Municipal Services Building.[5]
TheDepartment of Health operates twogeneral out-patient clinics on the island inTsing Yi Town. The first one isTsing Yi Cheung Hong Clinic inCheung Hong Estate and another isTsing Yi Town Clinic near Tsing Yi Garden.There is also onematernal and child health centre,Tsing Yi Maternal and Child Health Centre, on the island. It is just next toTsing Yi Cheung Hong Clinic.
There is at least one private clinic in each housing estate.
In town planning,Tsing Yi Hospital was supposed to be built nearCheung Hang Estate but the plan was put off owing to financial difficulty ofHospital Authority.
All public and private housing estates on the island have their ownshopping centres ormarkets.Cheung Fat Shopping Centre, byHong Kong Housing Authority was once the largest shopping centre and was later supplanted byMTR Corporation'sMaritime Square, as the shopping focus of the island.
Tsing Yi is home toHong Kong United Dockyard, located on the west side since 1980.
People practisetai chi inTsing Yi Promenade nearMaritime Square inTsing Yi Town in the early morning hours. Some gather and practisedancing in the playground near Tsing Yung House ofCheung Ching Estate.
Urban areas of Hong Kong, Kowloon and New Territories | |||||||||||
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| MHong Kong1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |  | ||||||||||
| MOld KowloonKL,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |
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| MNew KowloonNKL,2,3,4,5,6,7,9a,10,11,12,14,15,16 |
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| New Territories |
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Official place names are summarized from "Geoinfo Map" of Government ofHong Kong Special Administrative Region, "Hong Kong Guide" ofLands Department, "Hong Kong Guide Book" of Universal Publications Ltd. and "Areas and Districts" ofRating and Valuation Department. M：Narrow meaning of urban areas KL:Kowloon Peninsula at the south ofBoundary Street NKL: Former New Territories area at the north of Boundary Street and at the south ofLion Rock 1: Common definition (1) 2: Common definition (2) 3: Common definition (3) 4: Areas not adopting small house concessionary right ofindigenous inhabitants 5: Jurisdiction area of formerUrban Council 6: Definition of "Metropolitan Area" ofPlanning Department 7: Jurisdiction area ofUrban Renewal Authority 8: Unique operating area ofurban taxis 9: "Urban" (9a) and "Extended Urban" (9b) areas defined byHong Kong Housing Authority 10: Definition of Urbanrates 11: Hospital cluster belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 12: Police region belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 13: Regions having 999-year land lease 14:Geographical Constituency inHong Kong Legislative Council belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 15:Regional Education Office belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon 16:Primary One Admission School Net belongs to Hong Kong or Kowloon | |||||||||||
22°20′44″N114°06′00″E / 22.34556°N 114.10000°E /22.34556; 114.10000
