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Trypanosomiasis vaccine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ATrypanosomiasis vaccine is avaccine againsttrypanosomiasis. No effective vaccine currently exists, but development of a vaccine is the subject of current research.

TheGates Foundation has been involved in funding research conducted by theSabin Vaccine Institute and others.[1]

There are many obstacles to development of such a vaccine. One obstacle isvariant surface glycoprotein, which makes it difficult for theimmune system to recognize the infectious organism.[2] Also,Trypanosoma brucei has a direct inhibitory effect uponB cells.[3]

It has been suggested that these challenges could be overcome by a vaccine against the initialantigens,[4] or generating an immune response against thecysteine protease (for example,cruzipain).[5][6]

An effective vaccine was achieved in 2021 using a mouse model of infection withTrypanosoma vivax.[7]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"US Fraunhofer Center receives Grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation-Intellectual Property". Retrieved2009-01-15.
  2. ^Dagenais TR, Demick KP, Bangs JD, Forest KT, Paulnock DM, Mansfield JM (January 2009)."T-Cell Responses to the Trypanosome Variant Surface Glycoprotein Are Not Limited to Hypervariable Subregions".Infect. Immun.77 (1):141–51.doi:10.1128/IAI.00729-08.PMC 2612290.PMID 18936180.
  3. ^Radwanska M, Guirnalda P, De Trez C, Ryffel B, Black S, Magez S (May 2008). Riley EM (ed.)."Trypanosomiasis-Induced B Cell Apoptosis Results in Loss of Protective Anti-Parasite Antibody Responses and Abolishment of Vaccine-Induced Memory Responses".PLOS Pathog.4 (5) e1000078.doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000078.PMC 2386555.PMID 18516300.
  4. ^"Trypanosomiasis". Retrieved2009-01-15.
  5. ^Lalmanach G, Boulangé A, Serveau C, et al. (May 2002). "Congopain from Trypanosoma congolense: drug target and vaccine candidate".Biol. Chem.383 (5):739–49.doi:10.1515/BC.2002.077.PMID 12108538.S2CID 22315392.
  6. ^Authié E, Boulangé A, Muteti D, Lalmanach G, Gauthier F, Musoke AJ (November 2001). "Immunisation of cattle with cysteine proteinases of Trypanosoma congolense: targeting the disease rather than the parasite".Int. J. Parasitol.31 (13):1429–33.doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00266-1.PMID 11595229.
  7. ^Autheman, Delphine; Crosnier, Cécile; Clare, Simon; Goulding, David A.; Brandt, Cordelia; Harcourt, Katherine; Tolley, Charlotte; Galaway, Francis; Khushu, Malhar; Ong, Han; Romero-Ramirez, Alessandra (July 2021)."An invariant Trypanosoma vivax vaccine antigen induces protective immunity".Nature.595 (7865):96–100.Bibcode:2021Natur.595...96A.doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03597-x.ISSN 1476-4687.PMID 34040257.
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