| Truro Cathedral | |
|---|---|
| Cathedral Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary | |
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  Truro Cathedral Location within Cornwall | |
| 50°15′51″N05°03′04″W / 50.26417°N 5.05111°W /50.26417; -5.05111 | |
| Location | Truro, Cornwall |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Tradition | High Church |
| Website | www.trurocathedral.org.uk |
| History | |
| Former name(s) | The Parish Church of St Mary's, Truro |
| Consecrated | 1887 |
| Architecture | |
| Architect | J. L. Pearson |
| Style | Gothic Revival |
| Years built | 1880–1910 |
| Specifications | |
| Number of towers | 3 |
| Number of spires | 3 |
| Spire height | 76m (crossing), 61m (western) |
| Administration | |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Truro (since 1876) |
| Clergy | |
| Bishop(s) | Hugh Nelson, Bishop of St. Germans and acting Bishop of Truro[1] |
| Dean | Simon Robinson |
| Precentor | Simon Griffiths |
| Canon Chancellor | Alan Bashforth |
| Canon | 2 vacancies |
| Laity | |
| Director of music | James Anderson-Besant |
Historic site | |
Listed Building – Grade I | |
| Official name | Truro Cathedral |
| Designated | 29 December 1950 |
| Reference no. | 1205377 |
TheCathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary is aChurch of England cathedral in the city ofTruro, Cornwall. It was built between 1880 and 1910 to aGothic Revival design byJohn Loughborough Pearson on the site of the parish church of St Mary.
TheDiocese of Truro was established in December 1876, and its first bishop,Edward White Benson, was consecrated on 25 April 1877 atSt Paul's Cathedral.[2]
Construction began in 1880 to a design by the leadingGothic Revival architectJohn Loughborough Pearson. Truro was the first Anglican cathedral to be built on a new site in England sinceSalisbury Cathedral in 1220. It was built on the site of the 16th-century parish church ofSt Mary the Virgin, a building in thePerpendicular style with a spire 128 feet (39 m) tall.[3] The final services in St Mary's were held on Sunday 3 October 1880 and the church was demolished that month, leaving only the south aisle, which was retained to serve as the parish church.[4] From 24 October 1880 until 1887 a temporary wooden building on an adjacent siteserved as the cathedral. The seats were free and unappropriated, accommodated fewer than 400 people and were extremely hot in summer and cold in winter. It was in this building that Benson introduced the new evening service ofNine Lessons and Carols on Christmas Eve, 1880.[5]
The choir and transepts were complete by October 1887. The service of consecration took place on 3 November, performed by E. W. Benson, by then Archbishop of Canterbury. His successor as Bishop of Truro,George Wilkinson, and twenty other bishops were also present, together with civic representatives and diocesan clergy, and about 2,000 other people.[6] The central tower was finished by 1905 and the building was completed with the opening of the two western towers in 1910. J. L. Pearson died in 1897 and his son Frank took over the project. Frank Loughborough Pearson's other works includeSt Matthew's, Auckland in New Zealand.
Pearson's design combines theEarly English style with certain French characteristics, chiefly spires and rose windows. Its resemblance toLincoln Cathedral is not coincidental; Pearson had been appointed as Lincoln Cathedral's architect and the first Bishop of Truro, Edward Benson, had previously been Canon Chancellor at Lincoln. The central tower and spire stands 250 feet (76 m) tall, while the western towers reach to 200 feet (61 m). Four kinds of stone were used:Mabe granite for the exterior, andSt Stephen's granite for the interior, with dressings and shafts ofBath andPolyphant stone. The spires and turret roofs are of stone, except for a copper spire over the bell tower at west end of St Mary's Aisle. The other roofs are of slate.[7] The cathedral is vaulted throughout.[8]Nathaniel Hitch was responsible for the decorative sculpture, including thereredos.
The original south aisle of St Mary's Church survives, incorporated into the south-east corner of the cathedral and known as St Mary's Aisle. It still functions as the city centre'sparish church. Three brasses were described by Edwin Dunkin in 1882: those of Cuthbert Sydnam (1630), Thomas Hasell (1567) and George Fitzpen, rector of the parish. As the cathedral is dedicated to theBlessed Virgin Mary, it has noLady Chapel. A Jesus Chapel and the Chapel of Unity and Peace are reserved for quiet and prayer throughout the day. There was nochapter house until 1967, when the opportunity to enlarge the building on the south-east arose. The architect of the new building was John Taylor.[3]
| Truro Chapter Act 1878 | |
|---|---|
| Act of Parliament | |
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| Long title | An Act to make provision for the foundation of a Dean and Chapter for the Bishopric of Truro, and for the transfer to the Cathedral Church of Truro of one of the Canonries in the Cathedral Church of Exeter; and for other purposes connected therewith. |
| Citation | 41 & 42 Vict. c. 44 |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 8 August 1878 |
| Other legislation | |
| Repealed by | Truro Cathedral Measure 1959 |
Status: Repealed | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
Upon the foundation of Truro Cathedral, Bishop Benson was authorised to establish 24 honorary canonries. In 1878 a new act of Parliament authorised the bishop to establish residentiary canonries. In 1882 an existing canonry was transferred to Truro from Exeter whose income enabled the provision of two canonries at Truro. In 1906 the office of sub-dean was endowed, but the position of dean was still held by the bishop, at least until 1925. This remained the case until it became possible to fund the office of dean.[9] The Victorian acts of Parliament which apply to the cathedral are theBishopric of Truro Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 54), theTruro Chapter Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict. c. 44), and theTruro Bishopric and Chapter Acts Amendment Act 1887 (50 & 51 Vict. c. 12).[10] Preaching duties in the cathedral are shared out among the bishop, residentiary canons and honorary canons.[11]
TheRoyal Maundy Service was held in the cathedral in 1994 when QueenElizabeth II presented 134Cornish people with the traditional Maundy money.[12]
In 2002 the cathedral embarked on what was hoped to be a fifteen-year project to restore the east end, the west front and the central tower and spire. Each of the projects would be undertaken as funds allowed. The east end restoration repaired stonework and damage to the iron work on the stained glass windows. From 2004, a year-long project saw the restoration of the massive west front and towers. In 2009 and 2010 work on the central tower and spire began.
Restoration work is being carried out by W. R. Bedford; Stuart Aston, managing director, said that the problem is theBath Stone used on the more decorative areas of the cathedral, has not stood up well to the salts and sand in the maritime climate of Cornwall. Erosion of the stonework has left much of the exposed stonework in such a damaged condition that it resembles honeycomb. Funding for the restoration of the tower and spire has been partly met by grants fromEnglish Heritage, Friends of Truro Cathedral, theHeritage Lottery Fund, the Tanner Trust, the cathedral itself and by public subscription. The "Save Our Spire" campaign has raised nearly £50,000 towards the cost.[citation needed]
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The cathedral is governed by a three-tier structure as set out in the Cathedral Measure and Statutes. The chapter (comprising the dean, three residentiary canons and three chapter canons), the cathedral council and the college of canons.
As of 3 October 2022:[13]
TheFather Willis organ of 1887 is widely regarded as one of the finest instruments in the country. "It is not easy, even today, to think how the magnificence of the Willis organ in Truro Cathedral could be improved" wrote W. L. Sumner in his 1952 bookThe Organ. It was built in 1887 in London and arrived in Cornwall by boat. It has an almost identical specification to the organ he built a year earlier for the then parish church of St Michael, Coventry (laterCoventry Cathedral). Both instruments have the standard Willis hallmarks—tierce mixtures on Great and Swell, characterfulgedackts on the Choir, and a small but telling pedal division.
Apart from the addition of the electric blower in the 1920s, no major work was done until 1963, when thegrandson of the original builder carried out a conservative restoration, at a cost of some £17,000. Before this time, theorgan console was situated high up within the main case of the instrument, necessitating a walk of two or three minutes up a spiral staircase in the north transept. The action was a mixture of Barker lever, pneumatic and tracker. There were very few playing aids and contact between the organist and choir, some 40 feet (12 m) below, would have been almost impossible. In 1963, the organ committee decided to keep the original tonal scheme and voicing, and move the console over on to the south side in a new gallery placed above the choir stalls to a design by the architect John Phillips. Here the organist can hear the instrument properly, and maintain close contact with the choir.
The other main organ in the cathedral is a two-manual instrument in St Mary's aisle, the sole remnant of the former parish church. It was originally built byRenatus Harris and was installed in Truro in 1750 by John Byfield.[16] It was re-installed in the temporary church in 1880, but was significantly rebuilt and reduced in size in 1887 for installation in its current location.[17] There is also a four-stop continuo organ by Kenneth Tickell.[18]
In 2012,Tim Rice backed the 125-year anniversary appeal to support Truro Cathedral's choir and music.[19]
Aring of ten bells was cast in 1909 byJohn Taylor & Co of Loughborough: the tenor bell weighs 33cwt-3qr-10lb (3790lb).[27] Four further bells, also cast by Taylor, were installed in 2011: two completing the original ring to twelve, and two smaller ones to give the option of a lighter sound.[28] In addition there are six bells in the Green Tower, previously in St Mary's Parish Church, of which five form a chiming peal. A planned greatbourdon bell for the south-west tower was never made.[29][30]
Truro Cathedral has had an unbroken choral tradition dating from 1876. The present-day choir has twelve adult singers who are either lay vicars or choral scholars, accompanied by either eighteen boy choristers or eighteen girl choristers. After the closure ofTruro Cathedral School in 1982, the cathedral no longer has a dedicated cathedral school. Instead, the choristers are awarded bursaries to attendTruro School.[31][32]
Girl choristers were first admitted to the cathedral choir in 2015.[33] OnInternational Women's Day in 2017 they appeared for the first time in a broadcast of theBBC Radio 3 programmeChoral Evensong. The service included the first performance of two new works, namely a set ofcanticles byDobrinka Tabakova and a set of responses by Sasha Johnson-Manning.[34] The cathedral's girl choristers were also among those selected to sing at thecoronation of Charles III and Camilla in 2023.[35]
The choir appeared on the 2019 season ofBritain's Got Talent.[36]
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