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 Tronoša | |
 Interactive map of Tronoša Monastery Манастир Троноша | |
| Monastery information | |
|---|---|
| Full name | Манастир Троноша |
| Order | Serbian Orthodox |
| Established | 1317 |
| Diocese | Eparchy of Šabac |
| Site | |
| Location | Tršić andKorenita,Serbia |
| Coordinates | 44°27′37″N19°17′01″E / 44.46028°N 19.28361°E /44.46028; 19.28361 |
| Public access | Yes |
TheTronoša Monastery (Serbian:Манастир Троноша /Manastir Tronoša) is aSerbian Orthodox monastery between the villages ofTršić andKorenita, in the administrative town ofLoznica, in westernSerbia. It is ecclesiastically part of theEparchy of Šabac. According to tradition, the monastery was built by KingStefan Dragutin.
The monastery is located 17 km (11 mi) southeast of Loznica. It is situated in the forested area of the Korenita village. However, being also close to the village of Tršić and as the first school of a linguist and language reformerVuk Stefanović Karadžić who was also from Tršić, the monastery is popularly connected to this village.[1]
There are no proper historical records which confirm the origin of the monastery and everything known about it is according to the various traditional writings. The monastery was an endowment of KingStefan Dragutin. However, he died in 1316 and the construction was finished by his widow,Queen Catherine in 1317. It was named after three rivers which confluence into one at the monastery (tri reke koje vodu nose, "three water bearing rivers"). The original edifice was looted and razed by theOttoman Empire several times in the 14th and 15th centuries. It ended up being completely demolished and it is not known what the original monastery looked like.[1]
It was rebuilt on the foundations of the old monastery in 1559. The enterprise was headed by thehegumen Pajsije and monks Arsenije and Genadije. That same year, the Church of thePresentation of Mary was built. Just few years later, a school which transcribed and rewrote the old manuscripts was operational. As an act of retaliation for the attacks of thehajduks in the region, the Ottomans burned it in the early 1800s. It was renovated in 1834 and was painted by Mihailo Konstantinović fromBitola and Nikola Janković fromOhrid.[1]
In 1791, ahieromonk Josif Tronošac transcribed the 1526Tronoša Chronicle, the most important Serbian literary memorial in the first half of the 18th century. The copy of the chronicle is kept in the monastery, while the original is inVienna.[1][2][3][4]
Tronoša was badly damaged during theWorld War I. During theBattle of Cer in 1914, Serbian wounded soldiers were transported to the monastery for medical treatments. AfterAustria-Hungary occupied Serbia, their army burned the church books. The also destroyed or removed all doors in the complex, which were repaired only in 1923. In August 1941, a localChetnik rebellion liberated Loznica ("the first town liberated from Germans in the occupied Europe") in theBattle of Loznica, and Tronoša's hegumen Georgije Bojić was active in the planning and conducting of the operation. as an aide toVeselin Misita, in charge of the attack. When German reoccupied the area in October 1941 they burned the monastery books and punched through one of the walls with the cannonball.[1]
In the vicinity of the monastery is the Chapel of theSaint Holy Martyr Pantaleon. Below the chapel is the ten-pipe concrete drinking fountain with cold, spring water. Both the chapel and the fountain were also destroyed several times through history. Traditionally, the original fountain is attributed to the mythologicalJug Bogdan (based on the historicalVratko Nemanjić, though) and his nine sons, theJugović brothers, hence the ten pipes. They built the chapel and the fountain in 1388 prior to theBattle of Kosovo. Modern chapel and the fountain were restored in 1968 when thefresco "Leaving to the Battle of Kosovo" was painted on the fountain. The fountain is called "The Fountain of the Nine Jugović".[1]
One of the best known traditions in the monastery is the making of large "plowmen candles". Two are cast each year out of 50 kg (110 lb) of wax and are 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) tall. On theMaundy Thursday people gather in front of the monastery, bring the candles inside the church and light them in front of the icons of Jesus Christ and the Holy Mother of God. They are thought to help to preserve and enhance the harvest, hence the name. The custom of casting the candles and the ceremony of bringing them into the church and lighting them has been placed on the Serbian list of theintangible cultural heritage.[1]
As Vuk Stefanović Karadžić learned to write in the monastery, "coming to school from the nearby Tršić through the forest", a section of the monastery is adapted into the "Museum of the Vuk's early schooling". Today, Tronoša is a female monastery. In 2017 it officially celebrated 700th anniversary.[1]
The monastery has been protected since 22 December 1948 and was declared acultural monument of great importance in 1979.[1][5]
The monastery was built in theRaška architectural school. In terms of architectural and spatial traits, there is resemblance between theUvac Monastery, Church of the Annunciation Monastery inOvčar Banja,Pustinja Monastery,Dobrilovina Monastery,Majstorovina Monastery, Tronoša Monastery and others.[6]
Archimandrite Stefan Jovanović was born in the nearby village ofTekeriš, on theCer. He was a noted spiritual leader, patriot, rebel and the first teacher of Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. He was especially active against theTurkification ("thanks to him, none of the Serbs east of theDrina river were Turkified"). When the famine struck the regions ofJadar andRađevina, he came to the local Turks to ask for the help for the hungry people, but the Turks poisoned him. In 2017Serbian Orthodox Church canonized him as the Venerable Stefan of Tronoša. Its day is 17 September and it is the officialslava of the Eparchy of Šabac.[1]
Tronoški letopis koji je 1791 napisao Jeromonah Josif ima naslov: "Rodoslovije serbskoe ili iliričeskoe" (Tronoša Chronicle, which was written by Hireomonk Josif in 1791 is titled "Serbian or Illyrian genealogy"
In terms of its spatial and architectural traits, the Church of the Virgin Mary of Uvac Monastery resembles the Church of the Annunciation Monastery at the foot of Mount Kablar, as well as some other shrines, such as Pustinja, Dobrilovina, Majstorovina, Tronoša and others.
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