Tromsø (Norwegian) Romsa (Northern Sami) Tromssa (Kven)
City[1]
View of the city
Tromsø Show map of Troms Tromsø Show map of Norway
Coordinates:69°39′6″N18°57′20″E / 69.65167°N 18.95556°E /69.65167; 18.95556
Country	Norway
Region	Northern Norway
County	Troms
District	Midt-Troms
Municipality	Tromsø Municipality
Established as
Kjøpstad	1794
Area [2]
• Total	13.8 km2 (5.3 sq mi)
Elevation [3]	5 m (16 ft)
Population  (2024)[2]
• Total	79,604
• Density	3,100/km2 (8,000/sq mi)
Demonym	Tromsøværing
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Post Code	9008 Tromsø

Tromsø^[4] is acity^[1] inTromsø Municipality inTroms county,Norway.^[1] The city is theadministrative centre of the municipality as well as the administrative centre ofTroms county. The city is located on the island ofTromsøya which sits in theTromsøysundet strait, just off the mainland ofNorthern Norway. The mainland suburb ofTromsdalen is connected to the city centre on Tromsøya by theTromsø Bridge and theTromsøysund Tunnel. The suburb ofKvaløysletta on the island ofKvaløya is connected to the city centre by theSandnessund Bridge.

The city centre contains the highest number of old wooden houses inNorthern Norway, the oldest dating from 1789. Tromsø is a cultural hub for the region, with several festivals taking place in the summer.

The 13.8-square-kilometre (3,400-acre) town has a population (2024) of 42,782 and apopulation density of 3,100 inhabitants per square kilometre (8,000/sq mi).^[5]

The city of Tromsø is named after the island of Tromsøya, on which it stands. The last element of the city's name comes from "island" (Norwegian:øy,Danish:ø), but theetymology of the first element is uncertain. Several theories exist. One theory holds "Troms-" is derived from the old (uncompounded) name of the island (Old Norse:Trums). Several islands and rivers in Norway have the nameTromsa, and the names of these are probably derived from the wordstraumr, which means "(strong) current". (The original form must then have beenStrums, for the missings, seeIndo-European s-mobile.) Another theory holds that Tromsøya was originally calledLille Tromsøya (Little Tromsøya) because of its proximity to the much bigger island today calledKvaløya, that according to this theory, was earlier called "Store Tromsøya" due to a characteristic mountain known asTromma (the Drum).^{[6][self-published source]} The mountain's name inSámi,Rumbbučohkka, is identical in meaning, and it is said to have been a sacred mountain for the Sámi in pre-Christian times.^[7]

The Sámi name of the island,Romsa,^[8] is assumed to be a loan from Norse; in Sámi, word-initial consonant clusters are dispreferred. However, an alternative form with the consonant cluster,Tromsa, is in informal use. A theory holds that the Norwegian name of Tromsø derives from the Sámi name, though this theory lacks an explanation for the meaning ofRomsa. A common misunderstanding is that Tromsø's Sámi name isRomssa with a double "s". This, however, is the accusative andgenitive form of the noun used when, for example, writing "Tromsø Municipality" (Romssa suohkan). In Finnish, however, the word is written with a double "s":Tromssa.

The area has been inhabited since the end of the lastice age. Archeological excavations inTønsvika, have turned up artefacts and remains of buildings estimated to be 9,000 to 10,000 years old.^[9][10][11]

The area's richNorse andSámi heritage is well documented. The Norse chieftainOhthere, who lived during the 890s, is assumed to have inhabited the southernmost reaches of today's Tromsø municipality. He described himself as living "furthest to the North of all Norwegians" with areas north of this being populated by Sámi.^[13] An Icelandic source (Rimbegla) from the 12th century also describes the fjordMalangen in the south of today's Tromsø municipality as a border between Norse and Sámi coastal settlements during that part of the Middle Ages. However, archaeological finds show that the Vikings have been present on the main island itself. In a burial/settlement near today's airport, a sword and other combat tools have been found, as well as household tools typical for the Norwegians.^[14] In addition, one of Northern Norway's largest Viking treasures is found on the island itself.^[15] There has also been extensive Sámi settlement on the coast south of this 'border' as well as scattered Norse settlements north of Malangen—for example, both Sámi and Norse Iron Age (0–1050 AD) remains have been found on southernKvaløya.^[16][17]

The first church on the island of Tromsøya was erected in 1252.Ecclesia Sanctae Mariae de Trums juxta paganos ("The Church of Saint Mary in Troms near the Heathens"—the nominal "heathens" being the Sámi), was built during the reign ofKing Hákon Hákonarson.^[18] At the time, it was the northernmost church in the world. Around the same time a turframpart was built to protect the area against raids fromKarelia and Russia.

Tromsø was not just a Norwegian outpost in an area mainly populated by the Sámi, but also a frontier city towards Russia; theNovgorod state had the right to tax the Sámi along the coast toLyngstuva and inland to theSkibotn River or possibly theMålselv River, whereas Norway was allowed to tax areas east to—and including—theKola Peninsula.^[16] During the next five hundred years Norway's border with Russia and the limits of Norwegian settlement would be pushed eastwards toSør-Varanger Municipality, making Tromsø lose its character as a "frontier town".^{[19][self-published source]}

During the 17th century, while Denmark–Norway was solidifying its claim to the northern coast ofScandinavia, theredoubtSkansen was built. Despite only being home to around 80 people, Tromsø was issued its city charter on 20 June 1794 byKing Christian VII.^[20][21] This coincided with, and was a direct consequence of, the abolition of the city ofBergen's centuries-old monopoly on the trade in cod. Tromsø quickly rose in importance. TheDiocese of Hålogaland was created in 1804, with the first bishop beingMathias Bonsak Krogh.^[22] The city was established as a municipality 1 January 1838 (seeformannskapsdistrikt law).

Arctic hunting, fromNovaya Zemlya to Canada, started up around 1820. By 1850, Tromsø was the major centre of Arctic hunting, overtaking the former centre ofHammerfest.^[23][24] Tromsø had trading contacts with both Central Europe and Russia (specificallyArkhangelsk) during this time, the latter of which resulted in the development of the pidgin languageRussenorsk.^[25][26]

In 1848, the teacher training college was also moved fromTrondenes Municipality (near current-dayHarstad) to Tromsø, with part of its mission being to educate Sámi scholars—there was a quota ensuring that Sámi gained access.^[27] The teacher college was followed by theTromsø Museum in 1872,^[28] and theMack Brewery in 1877.^[29]

In the 19th century, Tromsø became known as the "Paris of the North". How this nickname came into being is uncertain, but the reason is generally assumed to be that people in Tromsø appeared far more sophisticated than visitors from the south typically expected.^[24][30]

By the end of the 19th century, Tromsø had become a majorArctic trade centre from which many Arctic expeditions originated. Explorers likeRoald Amundsen,Umberto Nobile andFridtjof Nansen made use of the know-how in Tromsø on the conditions in the Arctic, and often recruited their crews in the city.^[31][32] TheNorthern lights observatory was founded in 1927.

WhenGermany invaded Norway in 1940, Tromsø served briefly as the seat of the Norwegian government. GeneralCarl Gustav Fleischer arrived in Tromsø on 10 April 1940 after flying in terrible conditions from Vadsø. From Tromsø he issued orders for total civilian and military mobilisation and declared Northern Norway a theatre of war. Fleischer's strategic plan was to first wipe out the German forces atNarvik and then transfer his division toNordland to meet a German advance fromTrøndelag. The Germans eventually captured all of Norway, after allied support had been withdrawn, although they encountered fierce resistance from theFinnmark-basedAlta Battalion at Narvik. Tromsø escaped the war unscathed, although theGerman battleshipTirpitz was sunk byRAF bombers^[33] duringOperation Catechism off the Tromsøy island on 12 November 1944, killing close to 1,000 German sailors.^[34][35]

At the end of the war, the city received thousands of refugees fromFinnmark county and the northern areas ofTroms—areas which had been devastated by German forces usingscorched earth tactics in expectation of aRed Armyoffensive.^[36]

Expansion after World War II has been rapid. The ruralTromsøysund Municipality andUllsfjord Municipality, and most ofHillesøy Municipality, were merged with Tromsø on 1 January 1964, creating today's Tromsø municipality and almost tripling Tromsø's population—from 12,430 to 32,664.^[37] In addition, the population growth has been strong, with at times more than 1,000 newTromsøværinger (residents of Tromsø) annually. The population of Tromsø municipality today is 68,239, and the urban area, Norway's ninth most populous, is home to 58,486 people.^[2] This excludes most of the city's students, however, who often do not change their address when moving to Tromsø.

A major development was the opening ofTromsø Airport in 1964, situated on the main island, and in 1972 theUniversity of Tromsø was opened, at the time one of four universities in Norway and the only one serving the northern half of the country. A local teacher's college and museum were eventually incorporated into the university. TheNorwegian Polar Institute was moved to Tromsø fromOslo in 1998. More recently, the university has expanded further through two mergers, first with University College Tromsø in 2009 and then with University College Finnmark in 2013.^[38]

Tromsø is the 12th largest municipality in Norway with a population of 78,745.^[2] The city is home tothe world's northernmostuniversity and also houses the northernmostbotanical garden^[39] andplanetarium.^[40]

The city centre is located on the east side of theTromsøya island — over 300 kilometres (190 mi) north of theArctic Circle at69°40′33″N18°55′10″E / 69.67583°N 18.91944°E /69.67583; 18.91944. Suburban areas includeKroken,Tromsdalen (on the mainland, east of Tromsøya), the rest of the Tromsøya island, and the eastern part of the largeKvaløya, west of the Tromsøya island. TheTromsø Bridge andTromsøysund Tunnel both cross theTromsøysundet strait connecting the mainland with Tromsøya by road. On the western side of the city, theSandnessund Bridge connects Tromsøya island with Kvaløya island.

The highest point in the municipality is the 1,830.7-metre (6,006 ft) tall mountainJiehkkevárri.^[41] There are also many other tall mountains within the municipality includingHamperokken,Store Blåmannen,Store Fornestinden, andTromsdalstinden. TheLyngen Alps mountain range lies along the Tromsø-Lyngen municipal border. There are many islands within the municipality of Tromsø includingHillesøya,Kvaløya,Rebbenesøya,Ringvassøya,Store Sommarøya, andTromsøya. There are also several fjords that are located in Tromsø including theBalsfjorden,Kaldfjorden,Malangen, andUllsfjorden.

Panoramic view of Tromsø fromFløya. TheTromsø Bridge and theArctic Cathedral can be seen in the lower-right corner.

Tromsø experiences asubarctic climate (Köppen climate classificationDfc,TrewarthaEolo) as winter temperatures are just cold enough to qualify and the summer season is short. However, precipitation amount and pattern, with maximum precipitation in autumn and winter, as well as lack ofpermafrost, are atypical for subarctic areas and more typical for oceanic climates. Owing to the ice-freeNorwegian Sea and the westerlies bringing the mild air ashore, winter temperatures in Tromsø are moderate and extremely mild for the latitude.

Summers are rather cool, sometimes cloudy and rainy, and sometimes sunny, often with large variations from year to year and from month to month, giving a completely different experience, all depending on the weather pattern. This variability is also visible in sunhours, which has been recorded since 1961: In July 1980 Tromsø recorded 430 sunhours, which is still the national record for sunniest month ever. However, July 1989 only recorded 91 sunhours. June has ranged from just 58 sunhours in June 2018 to 395 sunhours in June 1971 and also June 2002. Tromsø has also recorded the sunniest spring month in Norway with 381 sunhours in May 2013.^[42] The highest temperature recorded at the met office 100 m amsl is 30.2 °C (86.4 °F) in July 1972. Tromsø recorded its first "tropical night" with overnight low 20.8 °C (69.4 °F) July 30, 2018.

Tromsø has reputation of accumulating a lot of snow in winter, but on the streets of the city ice often prevails, especially in the first half of the winter. Tromsø's snowfall pattern is quite erratic and varies substantially between different winters.^[43] Thaws with rain in the polar night mid-winter are not uncommon, which melts or wets existing snow, often followed by chilly windy Arctic blasts, creating dangerous ice driving and walking conditions. It is common to see Tromsø inhabitants walking with spikes in their shoes and almost all cars use studded tires.^[44] The all-time record for snow depth was set on 29 April 1997, when the meteorological station on top of Tromsøya recorded 240 centimetres (94.5 in) of snow on the ground.^[42] In an average winter, Tromsø sees 160 days with at least 25 centimetres (10 in) of snow on the ground (1970–2000 average, 100 meters above sea level).^[45]

The lowest temperature ever recorded is −18.4 °C (−1.1 °F) in February 1966.^[42] That is extremely mild for a location this far north, as it is about the same as the record cold for theU.S. state ofFlorida — about 40 degrees latitude further south. At the airport the all-time low is −20.1 °C (−4.2 °F) in February 1985.^[46] The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is 17 May^[47] and average date for first freeze in autumn is 3 October (1981–2010 average)^[48] giving a frost-free season of 138 days.The "midnight sun" is above the horizon from 19 May to 27 July (71 days), and the period with continuous night lasts a bit shorter,polar night from 28 November to 14 January (48 days). The sunniest January (1985) recorded just 9 sunhours, while the sunniest February saw 97 sunhours (2018).

Despite mild winters, snowfall can happen almost any time of the year except from July to mid-September; in 2019, snowfall was registered on 29 June.^[49]

Recent years have seen warming. The recent normal period 1991–2020 shows that the part of the city at low altitude has winters so mild that melting of snow is more likely also in mid-winter; Tromsø-Holt (20 m) coldest month (February) mean is −2.4 °C (27.7 °F); subpolar oceanic if the −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) isotherm is used.

Themidnight sun occurs from about 18 May to 26 July, but mountains block the view of it for a few days, meaning that one can see the midnight sun from about 21 May to 21 July. Owing to Tromsø's high latitude, twilight is long, meaning there is no true darkness between March 27 and September 17.

The sun remains below the horizon during thepolar night from about 26 November to 15 January, but due to the mountains, the sun is not visible from 21 November to 21 January. The return of the sun is an occasion for celebration. However, because of the twilight, there is some daylight for a couple of hours even around midwinter, often with bluish light, allowing for normal day/night cycles during the winter. The nights shorten quickly. By 21 February, the sun is above the horizon from 7:45 am to 4:10 pm and, by 1 April, is above the horizon from 5:50 am to 7:50 pm (daylight saving time). However, if one were to include astronomical twilight as "not night", then Tromsø only has 13 hours and 32 minutes of night on the winter solstice.

The combination of snow cover and sunshine often creates intense light conditions from late February until the snow melts in the lowland (usually late April), andsunglasses are essential whenskiing. Because of these diametrically different light conditions in winter, Norwegians often divide it into two seasons:Mørketid (polar night) andSeinvinter (late winter).

It is possible to observe theaurora borealis (northern lights) from Tromsø, as northern Norway is located in the auroral zone. As it is always light in the summer, no aurora is visible between late April and mid August. Additionally, due to the coastal location, Tromsø is often subject to cloudy conditions, which prevent aurorae being seen, even if they are present.

The Tromsø municipality includes these villages:

The compact city centre has the biggest concentration of historic wooden houses north ofTrondheim, and they co-exist with modern architecture. The houses date from 1789 to 1904, when building wooden houses was banned in the city centre, as in several other Norwegian cities. The oldest house in Tromsø isSkansen, built in 1789 on the remains of a 13th-century turframpart.^[56][57]

The Polar Museum,Polarmuseet, situated in a wharf house from 1837, presents Tromsø's past as a centre for Arctic hunting and starting point forArctic expeditions.Tromsø Cathedral, Norway's only wooden cathedral, built in 1861, is located in the middle of the city, and so is the small Catholic churchVår Frue ("Our Lady"). Northern Europe's oldestcinema still in use,Verdensteatret, was built in 1915–16. The cinema has large wall paintings, made by the local artistSverre Mack in 1921, which picture scenes from Norwegian folk lore and fairy tales.^[58]TheArctic Cathedral, a modern church built in 1965,^[59] is situated on the mainland, facing the sound and city centre. The church, in reality a parish church and not acathedral, was drawn byJan Inge Hovig. ThePolaria aquarium and experience centre from 1998 is a short walk south from the city centre. TheTromsø Museum is a university museum, presenting culture and nature ofNorth Norway. The museum also displays theArctic-alpine botanic garden, the world's northernmost botanical garden. A cable car goes up to mountStorsteinen, 420 metres (1,380 feet)above sea level, with a panoramic view over Tromsø. The mountainTromsdalstinden, 1,238 metres (4,062 ft), on the mainland, which is easily spotted from the city centre, is also a major landmark. At the top of Tromsøya is a lake calledPrestvannet.

The city of Tromsø is located withinTromsø Municipality, and the municipality is what holds the local government authority, the urban city centre has no separate governmental powers. Tromsø Municipality is responsible forprimary education (through 10th grade), outpatienthealth services,senior citizen services,welfare and othersocial services,zoning,economic development, and municipalroads and utilities. The municipality is governed by amunicipal council ofdirectly elected representatives. Themayor isindirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.^[60] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of theNord-Troms og Senja District Court and theHålogaland Court of Appeal.

The city of Tromsø was established as an independent municipality on 1 January 1838 (seeformannskapsdistrikt law). The city was completely surrounded by theTromsøe landdistrikt (the rural municipality of Tromsø / later renamedTromsøysund Municipality), but they were governed separately. As the city grew in size, areas were added to the city from the rural district.^[61]

Tromsø is one of the largest fishing ports in Norway. Secondary to fishing, the University of Tromsø is a center for Arctic research. Tourism has exploded as an alternative economic resource in recent decades. There are now direct flights from many European countries.

In 2021, theUS Navy opened facilities to service American submarines at the port, after undergoing a significant expansion in 2020.^[63]

More than 100 nationalities are represented in the population. Among the more prominent minorities are theSami,Russians, andFinns, both the localKvens (descendants of 19th-century Finnish immigrants) and recent immigrants from Finland proper.^[67] The world's northernmostmosque is to be found in Tromsø. Our Lady Catholic church is the seat of the world's northernmostCatholic Bishop, who leads theRoman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Tromsø. Although the local Catholic population is only 350 strong, PopeJohn Paul II visited this small church and stayed as a guest of the bishop in 1989.^[68]

Main immigrant groups, 2023^[69]

Nationality	Population
Poland	1,076
Germany	606
Russia	533
Sweden	524
Syria	476
Finland	399
Thailand	389
Eritrea	353
Lithuania	340
Somalia	330
Denmark	303
United Kingdom	256
Latvia	224
Philippines	202
Romania	194

As noted in the history section, the Tromsø area has long been home to Sámi culture. The assimilation of the Coastal Sámi, however, led to the local Sámi culture becoming increasingly invisible in the Tromsø area during the 20th century. Today there is a Sami kindergarten and Sami language classes in certain schools of Tromsø. There have been attempts at countering the decline of the Sámi language through the establishment of aSami language centre inLakselvbukt in theUllsfjorden area.^[70] Tromsø Municipality has generally displayed a positive attitude to the indigenous minority culture. For example, the municipality has arranged the Sámi People's Day;^[71] signs at the university are bilingual; and when the city made its bid for the Winter Olympics the Sámi name of Tromsø,Romsa, was included in the proposed logo for the event along with a traditional Sámi symbol as its main visual element.^[72]

In 2011, the role of Sámi culture in Tromsø became controversial. The Municipal Board had applied for Tromsø to join the Sámi Language Administrative Area. This would have entailed giving equal space to selected Sámi toponyms on signposts, allowing Sámi-speakers to communicate in their language with local authorities, and making means available from theSámi Parliament for officials to learn Sámi. Political parties, such as theFrP,Venstre andHøyre, opposed the decision and made it a part of their election campaign to reverse it, claiming that, as "a Norwegian city", Tromsø was not required to display Sámi toponyms along with Norwegian ones or make Sámi an official language along with Norwegian.^[73] The parties opposing a larger role for Sámi culture in Tromsø won the election and reversed the application. It has been claimed that the issue has "divided" Tromsø's inhabitants between those who see Sámi culture as naturally belonging there and those who see it as alien to the area.^[74][75] During and after the election campaign, pro-Sámi politicians received threats and people wearing traditional Sámi garb claim to have been subjected to verbal abuse.^[76][77] In June 2013 the municipality nonetheless entered into a cooperation agreement with the Sámi Parliament which is intended to strengthen Sámi language education and Sámi culture in Tromsø.^[78]

Being the largest city inNorthern Norway, thecity of Tromsø is a cultural centre for the municipality and its surrounding region. It gained some international attention when on 11 June 2005 hosted one of six46664 concerts, designed to put work concerningHIV/AIDS on the international agenda. Torbjørn Brundtland and Svein Berge of the electronica duoRöyksopp andLene Marlin grew up and started their careers in Tromsø.

Many cultural activities take place in the Cultural Centre (Norwegian:Kulturhuset), including concerts by theNorwegian Arctic Philharmonic Orchestra. Tromsø also has a professionaltheatre troupe performing at the new theatre building opened in 2005Hålogaland Teater. The city contains several museums including the Northern Norwegian Art Gallery (Norwegian:Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum), the Tromsø Gallery of Contemporary Art (Norwegian:Tromsø Kunstforening), the first and onlyTroll museum in Norway and thePerspektivet Museum, which is devoted toCora Sandel and documentary photography.

TheTromsø techno scene is the origin of many of Norway's most important artists inelectronic music, and Tromsø was a leading city at the early stages of thehouse andtechno scene in Norway in the late 1980s.^[79]Röyksopp and theambient electronic musician Geir Jennsen, known asBiosphere, are both from the town.

The local newspapers areiTromsø andNordlys.

TheArctic Council has its headquarters in Tromsø.^[80]

Both theTromsø International Film Festival andNordlysfestivalen (lit. 'theAurora Borealis Festival'), a classical music festival, are arranged in January. The end of that month is marked by the 'Day of the Sun' (Soldagen), when the sun finally appears above the horizon after thePolar Night, which is celebrated, mainly by children. The International Day of theSami People is celebrated at theUniversity of Tromsø and the city hall on 6 February every year. Tromsø's Latin American Festival,No Siesta Fiesta, is held at the end of February. It started in 2007 and showcases "the best of Latin America" in Northern Norway with film, dance, music, art, seminars, debates, markets, and a street Samba parade. Every autumn theInsomnia Festival for electronic music is hosted. It is one of the largest and most important festivals for electronic music and techno culture in Norway.

TheBukta Tromsø Open Air Festival, held in June and July, is a popular music festival. The Bukta festival is mainly a rock festival, but also features other kinds of modern music. The festival takes place in Telegrafbukta, a park on the south-western part of the Tromsøya island. Other popular cultural summer events among the population of Tromsø is theKarlsøy festival and theRiddu Riddu festival, both held in the region surrounding the city.

Tromsø is the home of many football clubs, of which the three most prominent areTromsø IL, which plays in theNorwegian Premier League and is the world'snorthernmost Premier League football team,I.F. Fløya in theNorwegian First Division (women), andTromsdalen U.I.L., playing in theAdeccoliga.Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon is arranged every year in June and recently also aPolar Night Halfmarathon in January. The city is home to many clubs in the top division in various sports. Most notablybasketball-outfitTromsø Storm in theBLNO,BK Tromsø in the topvolleyball league for men,^[81] andTromsø Volley in the top volleyball league for women.^[82] The oldest sports club in Tromsø isTromsø Turnforening, a gymnastics club founded in 1862, that also was the cradle of the before mentioned football clubTromsø IL.

Tromsø was selected by the Norwegian National Olympic Committee as Norway's candidate for the2018 Winter Olympics. This would have made Tromsø the first city north of theArctic Circle to host the games. There were plans to use ships as the media village. In October 2008 the NOC suspended Tromsø's bid, citing excessive costs.^[83] From the southern to the northern tip of the islandTromsøya, there is a floodlitcross-country ski track. Aski jump is also situated on the island, close to the university. As of the spring of 2010, the city's firstice hockey arena has been open and is home toTromsø Hockey, which plays in the Swedish Ice Hockey Association's League 3. Tromsø is also home to the most northern tennis club in Norway.

• Johannes Steen (1827–1906), educator, politician, Mayor of Tromsø from 1856-1862, andPrime Minister of Norway from 1891-1893
• Oscar Nissen (1843–1911) , physician, newspaper editor, and politician
• Paul Steenstrup Koht (1844–1892), educator, politician, city mayor, and member of theStorting
• Hans Jacob Horst (1848–1931), politician who was a member of theInternational Court of Arbitration (1906-1929) and a member of theNorwegian Nobel Committee (1903-1931)
• Just Knud Qvigstad (1853–1957), philologist, linguist, ethnographer, cultural historian, headmaster, politician, and Mayor of Tromsø
• Dorothea Schjoldager (1853–1938), feminist proponent for women's rights, school teacher, and social worker
• James Trane (1857–1936), Norwegian-American inventor and industrialist who co-foundedTrane
• Einar Hoidale (1870–1952), lawyer, newspaper editor, andpolitician fromMinnesota
• Arnold Holmboe (1873–1956), politician for the Liberal Party and Mayor of Tromsø
• Halvdan Koht (1873–1965), historian, politician, and former head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• Kirsten Sand (1895–1996), first fully technically qualified female Norwegian architect
• Einar Johansen (1915–1996), engineer and decoratedresistance member during WWII
• Martin Siem (1915–1996), businessperson andWWII resistance member
• Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (1923–2008), American physician, medical researcher, and co-recipient of theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work onprion disease
• Hermod Skånland (1925–2011), economist and Governor of theCentral Bank of Norway 1985 to 1993
• Gerd Fleischer (born 1942), human rights activist
• Svein Ludvigsen (born 1946), former politician and a convicted sex offender
• Mads Gilbert (born 1947), physician, humanitarian, activist, and politician
• Herman Kristoffersen (born 1947), former long-serving Mayor of Tromsø who was known asRed Hermann
• Hans-Tore Bjerkaas (born 1951), formerDirector-General of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation

• Jorgen Dreyer (1877–1948), American sculptor ofmonuments who emigrated in 1903
• Cora Sandel (1880–1974), writer and painter
• Peter Wessel Zapffe (1899–1990), metaphysician, author, lawyer, and mountaineer
• Lars Berg (1901–1969), teacher, novelist, short story writer, and playwright
• Egil Rasmussen (1903–1964), author, literature critic, and pianist who grew up in Tromsø
• Kristian Kristiansen (1909–1980), novelist, playwright, and writer of short stories
• Rønnaug Alten (1910–2001), actress and stage instructor^[84]
• Yngvar Ustvedt (1928–2007), writer, biographer, critic, and radio personality
• Per Bronken (1935–2002), poet, novelist, actor, film director, and stage producer^[85]
• Arthur Arntzen (born 1937), journalist, humorist, actor, and writer
• Kirsti Sparboe (born 1946), musical performer and an actress^[86]
• Jorun Thørring (born 1955), specialist in gynaecology and author
• Geir Jenssen (born 1962), electronic musician whose stage name isBiosphere
• The Pussycats (band 1964), pop-rock band
• Erik Skjoldbjærg (born 1964), writer and film director^[87]
• Helge Andreas Norbakken (born 1965), drummer
• Anneli Drecker (born 1969), singer, actress, and frontwoman forBel Canto^[88]
• Dag-Are Haugan (born 1970), musician with the groupAlog
• Espen Lind (born 1971), record producer, songwriter, singer, and multi-instrumentalist^[89]
• Espen Sommer Eide (born 1972), composer and musician withAlog
• Thomas Thormodsæter Haugen (born 1974) stage nameSamoth, multi-instrumentalist in theblack metal bandEmperor
• Lisa Stokke (born 1975), actor and singer^[90]
• Svein Berge (born 1976) andTorbjørn Brundtland (born 1975), musicians in the duoRöyksopp
• Ewa Da Cruz (born 1976), Norwegian-American television, soap opera, and film actress^[91]
• Lene Marlin (born 1980), singer-songwriter and musician^[92]
• Dagny Norvoll Sandvik (born 1990), singer, pop musician, and songwriter

• Per-Mathias Høgmo (born 1959), football manager, former manager of both themen andwomen's national football teams
• Bjørn Johansen (born 1969), former Norwegian footballer with over 400 club caps
• Roger Nilsen (born 1969), football coach and former player with 329 club caps and 32 forNorway
• Bjarte Engen Vik (born 1971), former Norwegian Nordic combined athlete who was a multiple medallist at the1994 and1998 Winter Olympics
• Ole Martin Årst (born 1974), retired footballer who grew up in Tromsø and earned 414 club caps, 22 forNorway
• Ailo Gaup (born 1979), former Freestyle Motocross rider who invented the Underflip
• Morten Giæver (born 1982), football midfielder with over 430 club caps who was brought up in Tromsø
• Ruben Yttergård Jenssen (born 1988), footballer with over 350 club caps and 39 forNorway
• Guro Pettersen (born 1991), football goalkeeper for theNorway national team
• Vilde Nilsen (born 2001), paralympic cross-country skier and biathlete who was a team silver medallist at the2018 Winter Paralympics
• Elling Carlsen (1819–1900), skipper, seal hunter, and explorer
• Richard With (1846–1930), ship's captain, businessman, and politician
• Henry Rudi (1889–1970), trapper and polar bear
• Nikolai Schirmer (born 1991), freeride skier, filmmaker and climate activist

Tromsø istwinned with:^[93]

Tromsø signed a sister city agreement withMurmansk on 10 July 1972 and terminated it on 22 October 2022, after theRussian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.^[94]

Since January 2024, Tromsø has the northernmostMcDonald's in the world, taking the title fromRovaniemi,Finland.^[95] It is also home to the northernmost location of many chains, such asBurger King,7-Eleven and even aHard Rock Cafe.

• List of towns and cities in Norway

Wikisource has the text of the1911Encyclopædia Britannica article "Tromsö".

• "Tromsö" .Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 305.

• Cities and towns in Norway
• Tromsø Municipality
• 1794 establishments in Norway
• Populated places established in 1794
• Populated coastal places in Norway
• Populated places of Arctic Norway
• Port cities and towns in Norway

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