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Atrompe is a water-poweredair compressor, commonly used before the advent of the electric-powered compressor. A trompe is somewhat like anairlift pump working in reverse.
Trompes were used to provide compressed air forbloomery furnaces inCatalonia[1] and theUnited States.[2] The presence of a trompe is a signature attribute of a Catalan forge, a type of bloomery furnace.
Trompes can be enormous. AtCanadian Hydro Developers' Ragged Chute facility inNew Liskeard,Ontario, water falls down a shaft 351 feet (107 m) deep and 9 ft (2.7 m) across to generate compressed air for mining equipment and ventilation.[3]
Trompes are very simple devices. They consist of four main parts: awater-supply pipe orshaft with anair-inlet inside it, awater outflow pipe, aseparation chamber, and atakeoffair-pipe. The vertical pipe or shaft goes down from higher point to a separation chamber; a pipe, that is typically narrower than previous one, coming away from that chamber, allows the water to exit at a lower level, and another pipe (air-pipe) coming from the chamber allows thecompressed air to exit as needed.
Water rushing down the vertical pipe falls through a constriction.The constriction produces a lower pressure because of theventuri effect, and an external port allows air to be sucked in thus creating a constant air supply. The air forms bubbles in the pipe.As the bubbles go down the pipe they are pressurized proportionally to thehydraulic head, which is the height of the column of water in the pipe. The compressed air rises to the top of the separation chamber (wind box).The separation chamber has a compressed-air takeoff pipe, and the compressed air can be used as a power source.
The energy of the falling water creates a partial vacuum inside the pipe that is compensated by the air from the outside atmosphere provided through inlet. The air is compressed by surrounding water pressure (which increases under a column due to the discharge to atmospheric pressure). The pressure of the air delivered cannot exceed the hydraulic head of the discharge pipe of the separation chamber.[4]
Large trompes were often situated at highwaterfalls so that ample head was available.(However, trompes can raise the water, via siphon-effect, nearly to 70% of its initial elevation.) The Ragged Chute plant on theMontreal River near the town ofCobalt, Ontario, is a trompe and tourist attraction. It is now owned byTransAlta (formerly byCanadian Hydro Developers) and exists beside a modernhydroelectric plant.[3]
Compressed air from a trompe is at the temperature of the water, and itspartial pressure of water vapor is that of thedewpoint of the water's temperature. If the water is cool, the compressed air can be made very dry by passing it through pipes that are warmer than the water. Often, ordinary outside air can warm the pipes enough to produce dry, cool compressed air.
Today, trompes constructed of plastic pipe are being used to provide aeration for mine drainage treatment. In this application, mine water is used to drive the trompe and the compressed air that is generated is used to oxygenate the mine water and to drive off excess dissolvedcarbon dioxide that may be present thus raising the pH of the water being treated.[5]
The trompe is closely related to theSprengel vacuum pump which uses mercury falling through a tube to create a vacuum instead of pressure.
