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Trident (software)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromTrident (layout engine))
Web browser engine by Microsoft first introduced in 1997
Trident
Other namesMSHTML[1][2][3]
Developer(s)Microsoft
Initial releaseAugust 1997; 27 years ago (1997-08)
Final release
8.0
Written inC++[4]
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
SuccessorEdgeHTML
TypeBrowser engine
LicenseProprietary
Websitedocs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/internet-explorer/ie-developer/platform-apis/aa741317(v=vs.85)Edit this at Wikidata

Trident[1][2][3] (also known asMSHTML[1][2][5]) is aproprietarybrowser engine for theMicrosoft Windows version ofInternet Explorer, developed byMicrosoft.

MSHTML debuted with the release ofInternet Explorer 4 in 1997. For versions7 and8 of Internet Explorer, Microsoft made significant changes to MSHTML'slayout capabilities to improve compliance withWeb standards and add support for new technologies.[6][7][8]

MSHTML will continue to receive security updates[9] for the IE mode ofMicrosoft Edge until at least 2029. However, support for new Web standards will not be added.

Use in software development

[edit]

MSHTML was designed as asoftware component to allowsoftware developers to easily add web browsing functionality to their own applications. It presents aCOM interface for accessing and editing web pages in any COM-supported environment, likeC++ and.NET. For instance, a web browser control can be added to a C++ program and MSHTML can then be used to access the page currently displayed in the web browser and retrieve element values. Events from the web browser control can also be captured. MSHTML functionality becomes available by linking the filemshtml.dll to the software project.

Release history

[edit]
MSHTML versionMSHTML.dll versionInternet Explorer versionInternet Explorer Mobile versionNotes
No version[10]4.0.x4.0Initial version.
5.0.x5.0ImprovedCSS 1 support and had sweeping changes in CSS 2 rendering.
5.5.x5.5Corrected issues with CSS handling.
6.0.x6.0Corrected thebox model and addedquirks mode withDTD switching.
7.0.x7.0Fixed many CSS rendering issues and added partialPNG alpha support.
6.0IEMobile 6 combines many features of IE 6, 7, and 8.[11]
3.1[12][13]7.07.0Second port on a mobile system of MSHTML. IE Mobile version forWindows Phone 7.
4.0[14]8.0.x8.0First version to pass theAcid 2 test.[4] Added full support for CSS 2.1.[15]
5.0[10]9.0.x9.09.0Added support forSVG,XHTML,HTML5, andCSS 3. Added a new hardware-acceleratedJScript engine namedChakra. Scores 100/100 on theAcid3 test. Included with IE 9 Mobile in Windows Phone 7.5 "Mango".
6.0[16]10.0.x10.010.0[17]More support forCSS 3,HTML5 andES5. Included inWindows Phone 8. Support forlinear gradient CSS transitions.[18]
7.011.0.x11.011.0Support forWebGL andSPDY. Improved support for HTML5.[19] Speed improvement.[20] Included inWindows Phone 8.1.

Use cases

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All versions ofInternet Explorer for Windows from 4.0 onwards use MSHTML, and it is also used by various otherweb browsers and software components (seeInternet Explorer shells). InWindows 98,Windows Me, andWindows 2000, it is also used for the Windows file manager/shell,Windows Explorer.[21] The Add/Remove Programs tool in Windows 2000 uses MSHTML to render the list of installed programs,[22] and in Windows XP it is also used for the User Accounts Control Panel, which is anHTML Application.[23] MSHTML, however, was not used byInternet Explorer for Mac (which usedTasman starting with version 5.0), nor by the early versions ofInternet Explorer Mobile.

Some other MSHTML-based applications include:

Standards compliance

[edit]

Current versions of MSHTML, as ofInternet Explorer 9, have introduced support for CSS 3, HTML5, and SVG, as well as other modern web standards. Web standards compliance was gradually improved with the evolution of MSHTML. Although each version of IE has improved standards support, including the introduction of a "standards-compliant mode" inversion 6, the core standards that are used to build web pages (HTML and CSS) were sometimes implemented in an incomplete fashion. For example, there was no support for the<abbr> element which is part of the HTML 4.01 standard prior to IE 8. There were also some CSS attributes missing from MSHTML, like min-height, etc. as of Internet Explorer 6. As ofInternet Explorer 8 CSS 2.1 is fully supported as well as some CSS 3.0 attributes.[15] This lack of standards compliance has been known to cause rendering bugs and lack of support for modern web technologies, which often increases development time for web pages.[25] Still, HTML rendering differences between standards-compliant browsers are not yet completely resolved.

Microsoft alternatives

[edit]

Apart from MSHTML, Microsoft also has and uses several other layout engines. One of them, known asTasman, was used inInternet Explorer 5 for Mac. Development of Internet Explorer for Mac was halted in roughly 2003, but development of Tasman continued to a limited extent, and was later included inOffice 2004 for Mac.Office for Mac 2011 uses the open sourceWebKit engine. Microsoft's now defunct web design product,Expression Web, as well asVisual Studio 2008 and later, do not use Internet Explorer's MSHTML engine, but rather a different engine.[26]

In 2014, MSHTML wasforked to create the engineEdgeHTML forMicrosoft Edge [Legacy] onWindows 10. The new engine is "designed for interoperability with the modern web" and deprecates or removes a number of legacy components and behaviors, including document modes, ensuring that pure, standards-compliant HTML will render properly in browsers without the need for special considerations by web developers.[27][28] This resulted in a completely new browser called Microsoft Edge (later referred to as "Microsoft EdgeLegacy",[29] with a flat blue "e" icon) which replacedInternet Explorer as Windows' stock browser and became the base of Microsoft's web related services, until its replacement with aBlink /Chromium[30][31]-based browser, also calledMicrosoft Edge[32][33] (with a brand new wave-like icon) in late 2020.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abc"A Vulnerability in Microsoft MSHTML Could Allow for Remote Code Execution".New York State Office of Information Technology Services. September 8, 2021. Retrieved2023-03-14.
  2. ^abc"Internet Explorer - Trident Engine".Microsoft Support.
  3. ^ab"RIP Internet Explorer: Microsoft's iconic browser is being killed off in June".PCWorld.
  4. ^ab"Internet Explorer 8 and Acid2: A Milestone", IEBlog,Microsoft Docs, 2007-12-19, retrieved2022-01-01
  5. ^"Analyzing attacks that exploit the CVE-2021-40444 MSHTML vulnerability".Microsoft Security. 15 September 2021.
  6. ^"Details on our CSS changes for IE7". IEBlog.Microsoft Docs. 2006-08-22. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  7. ^"Overview of Platform Improvements in IE8 RC1". IEBlog.Microsoft Docs. 2009-01-29. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  8. ^"Microsoft's Interoperability Principles and IE8". IEBlog.Microsoft Docs. 2008-03-03. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  9. ^"Lifecycle FAQ - Internet Explorer and Microsoft Edge". Microsoft Lifecycle Policy.Microsoft Docs. 2021-11-03.Archived from the original on 2022-06-13. Retrieved2022-06-13.Microsoft is committed to supporting Internet Explorer mode in Microsoft Edge through at least 2029, on supported operating systems.
  10. ^ab"Introducing IE9's User Agent String", IEBlog,Microsoft Docs, 2010-03-23, retrieved2022-01-01
  11. ^Cox, John (2008-12-21),"Microsoft Tackles the Mobile Browser",PC World, archived fromthe original on 2021-01-29
  12. ^Warren, Tom (2010-03-15),"Windows Phone 7 browser is based on Internet Explorer 7",Neowin, retrieved2022-01-01
  13. ^"Ladies and Gentlemen, Please Welcome... the IE Mobile User Agent String!", IE for Windows Phone Team Weblog,Microsoft Docs, 2010-03-25, retrieved2022-01-01
  14. ^"The Internet Explorer 8 User-Agent String (Updated Edition)", IEBlog,Microsoft Docs, 2009-01-09, retrieved2022-01-01
  15. ^ab"CSS Compatibility and Internet Explorer".Microsoft Docs. 2011-03-09. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  16. ^"The IE10 User-Agent String", IEBlog,Microsoft Docs, 2011-04-15, retrieved2022-01-01
  17. ^Lipskas, Vygantas (2012-06-20),"Windows Phone 8: Internet Explorer 10 Detailed",FavBrowser.com, retrieved2022-01-01
  18. ^Tudor, Ana (2018-06-01),"The State of Changing Gradients with CSS Transitions and Animations", blog,Pelbox Solutions, retrieved2022-01-01
  19. ^Anthony, Sebastian (2013-06-26),"Windows 8.1 and Internet Explorer 11 will support WebGL, SPDY, but no WebRTC", Computing,ExtremeTech,Ziff Davis, retrieved2022-01-01
  20. ^"Internet Explorer 11 for Windows 7 launched: Brings improved rendering, speed", Internet News,Gadgets 360,NDTV, 2013-11-08, retrieved2022-01-01
  21. ^"How to Add or Remove Windows Desktop Update".Microsoft Support. KB165695. Archived fromthe original on 2016-03-20.
  22. ^"Add/Remove Programs tool displays installed programs incorrectly". Troubleshoot.Microsoft Docs. 23 September 2021. KB266668. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  23. ^""Internet Explorer Script Error" error message when you click User Accounts in Control Panel many times in quick succession on a Windows XP-based computer".Microsoft Support. KB886617. Archived fromthe original on 2016-03-19.
  24. ^"Chromium Embedded Framework".developer.valvesoftware.com. Last edited on 25 June 2012. Retrieved9 April 2023.
  25. ^Shah, Anup (2007-12-14)."Microsoft's Internet Explorer Slows Down Web Development".onenaught.com. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  26. ^Mauceri, Rob (2007-04-11)."Office Live and SharePoint". Microsoft SharePoint Designer Team Blog.Microsoft Docs. Retrieved2022-01-01.SharePoint Designer doesn't use Trident. SharePoint Designer, Expression Web, and the next version of Visual Studio's Visual Web Designer (code name Orcas) all use the same standards-based web design component. This component was developed jointly by the three product teams for high fidelity rendering of web standards like CSS, XHTML, as well as ASP.net.
  27. ^"Living on the Edge – our next step in helping the web just work". IEBlog.Microsoft Docs. 2014-11-11. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  28. ^"Project Spartan and the Windows 10 January Preview Build". IEBlog.Microsoft Docs. 2015-01-22. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  29. ^"Microsoft 365 apps and services to end support for IE 11; End of support coming to the legacy version of Microsoft Edge". Microsoft Lifecycle Policy.Microsoft Docs. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  30. ^"Download the new Microsoft Edge based on Chromium",Microsoft Support, KB4501095, retrieved2022-01-01,The new Microsoft Edge is based on Chromium and was released on January 15, 2020
  31. ^Belfiore, Joe (2020-01-15),"New year, new browser – The new Microsoft Edge is out of preview and now available for download",Windows Blog, retrieved2022-01-01
  32. ^Warren, Tom (2020-01-15)."Microsoft's new Edge Chromium browser launches on Windows and macOS".The Verge. Retrieved2022-01-01.
  33. ^Hollister, Sean (2020-07-02)."With Edge, Microsoft's forced Windows updates just sank to a new low".The Verge. Retrieved2022-01-01.

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