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| Clinical data | |
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| Trade names | Kenalog, Nasacort, Xipere, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a601124 |
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| Routes of administration | Topical,joint injection,nasal |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Excretion | Urine (75%) and feces (25%) |
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| CompTox Dashboard(EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.863 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C24H31FO6 |
| Molar mass | 434.504 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
| Melting point | 290 to 294 °C (554 to 561 °F) |
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Triamcinolone acetonide, sold under the brand nameKenalog among others, is asyntheticcorticosteroid medication usedtopically to treat variousskin conditions,[12] to relieve the discomfort ofmouth sores, and byinjection into joints to treat variousjoint conditions. It is also injected intolesions to treat inflammation in some parts of the body, particularly the skin. In nasal spray form, it is used to treatallergic rhinitis. It is used for the treatment ofmacular edema associated withuveitis.[10] It is a morepotent derivative oftriamcinolone, and is about eight times as potent asprednisone.[13]
Most forms of triamcinolone acetonide areprescription drugs. In 2014, the U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) made triamcinolone acetonide anover-the-counter drug in the United States innasal spray form under the brand nameNasacort.[13] It is available as ageneric medication.[14]
Triamcinolone acetonide as an intra-articular injectable has been used to treat a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. When applied to the skin as a topical ointment, it is used to mitigate blistering frompoison ivy, oak, and sumac.[citation needed] When combined withnystatin, it is used to treat skin infections with discomfort from fungus, though it should not be used on the eyes.[15] It provides relatively immediate relief and is used before using oralprednisone. Oral and dental paste preparations are used for treatingaphthous ulcers.
As an intravitreal injection, triamcinolone acetonide has been used to treat various eye diseases and has been found useful in reducingmacular edema.[16] Drug trials have found it to be as efficient as anti-VEGF drugs in eyes with artificial lenses over a two-year period. A systematic review did not find any evidence of any benefit in preventing vision loss in eyes treated with triamcinolone acetonide over placebo, for patients withage-related macular degeneration.[17]
Triamcinolone acetonide is also administered via intralesional injection in the treatment ofhypertrophic andkeloid scars.[18][19]
Evidence suggests that usage of triamcinolone acetonide or other steroids to treat macular edema increases the risk of increasingintraocular pressure in patients.[20]
Triamcinolone acetonide is acorticosteroid. It is specifically aglucocorticoid, or anagonist of theglucocorticoid receptor, that is about five times as potent ascortisol. It has very littlemineralocorticoid effects.[21] Theaffinities of triamcinolone acetonide for theandrogen andestrogen receptors are both <0.1% (relative totestosterone andestradiol).[22] However, triamcinolone acetonide has 15% of the affinity ofprogesterone for theprogesterone receptor.[22] In relation to this, triamcinolone acetonide can produce endocrine side effects likeovulation inhibition andmenstrual irregularities.[23][24][25]
Triamcinolone acetonide, also known as9α-fluoro-16α-hydroxyprednisolone 16α,17α-acetonide or as9α-fluoro-11β,16α-17α,21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione cyclic 16,17-acetal with acetone, is asynthetichalogenatedcyclic ketalpregnanecorticosteroid.[26] It is the C16α,17αacetonide oftriamcinolone.[26]
Triamcinolone acetonide is also used inveterinary medicine as aningredient intopicalointments and in topical sprays for control ofpruritus in dogs.[27]
A series ofinjections with triamcinolone acetonide or anothercorticosteroid may reducekeloid size andirritation. It is used as a preinductor and/or inductor of birth in cows. It was also used in the horse racing industry, but it is now a banned substance if found in a horse's system on race day.[28]
