TheTreaty of Paris (1857) (Persian:عهدنامه پاریس ۱۸۵۷,romanized: Ahdnāme-ye Paris 1857) marked the end of the hostilities of theAnglo-Persian War. On thePersian side, negotiations were handled by ambassadorFarrokh Khan. The two sides signed the peace treaty on 4 March 1857.[1][2]
In the Treaty, the Persians agreed to withdraw fromHerat, later allowingDost Mohammad Khan ofAfghanistan to occupy it.[3] They also agreed to apologise to theBritish envoy on his return, and to sign a commercial treaty; the British agreed not to shelter opponents of the Shah in the embassy, and they abandoned the demand to replace the grand vizierMirza Aqa Khan Nuri, as well as one requiring territorial concessions to theImam of Oman, a British ally.
The British strategic interests in Afghanistan, an early consequence of theGreat Game, ultimately brought an end to Qajar hopes to preserve Herat as a frontier vassalage, after more than fifty years of Iranian engagement. Three and a half centuries of nearly continuous, although frequently chaotic, inclusion of Herat as part of Iran came to an end with the Treaty of Paris.[4]
Similar to how theTreaty of Turkmenchay withRussia in 1828 marked a turning point in relations between Iran andRussia, so too did the Treaty of Paris with Iran and Britain. TheQajar government realized the serious repercussions of confronting a European colonial power militarily after the conflict in Herat. The Iranians realized that in the age of empires, they would have to endure losing territory on its outskirts in order to protect its center. The loss of Herat, akin to the earlier loss of theCaucasian provinces, illustrated the limitations on authority over territories that were historically and culturally part ofGreater Iran. Despite their deep-rooted ties, these areas could no longer be sustained as provinces within theGuarded Domains of Iran.[5]
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