TheTreaty of Mignano of 1139 was the treaty which ended more than a decade of constant war in the ItalianMezzogiorno following the union of the mainland duchy ofApulia andCalabria with theCounty of Sicily in 1127.
In 1130,Antipope Anacletus II had crownedRoger II king.[1] The legitimate pope,Innocent II, did not recognise this title and many of Roger's peninsular vassals took exception to his exercising royal authority over them. Over the decade of the 1130s, Roger defeated his vassals one by one until in 1137, theEmperor Lothair II came down with the pope and conquered most of the south. Lothair's death deprived the southern barons of their support, however, and Roger quickly reconquered his territories. In 1139 the papal-imperial duke of Apulia,Ranulf of Alife, died.[2]
Innocent and the dispossessed PrinceRobert II of Capua marched to reassert their authority. AtGalluccio,Roger's son ambushed the papal troops with only a thousand knights and captured the pope and his entourage.[3] Three days later, on 25 July atMignano, Innocent confirmed the elder Roger asrex Siciliae ducatus Apuliae et principatus Capuae and invested him with his titles.[4][5] He also invested Roger's son as duke of Apulia, and another son,Alfonso, asprince of Capua.[6]
In 1143, Innocent refused to recognise the treaty, but Roger sentRobert of Selby to march on papalBenevento. Mignano was reaffirmed. In 1156, by theTreaty of Benevento, the tribute to the pope of 600schifati agreed upon by Roger II in 1139 was affirmed and another 400schifati was added for newly conquered lands.