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TheTreaty of Adrianople (also called theTreaty of Edirne) concluded theRusso-Turkish War of 1828–29, betweenImperial Russia and theOttoman Empire. The terms favored Russia, which gained access to the mouths of theDanube and new territory on theBlack Sea. The treaty opened theDardanelles to all commercial vessels, granted autonomy toSerbia, and promised autonomy forGreece. It also allowed Russia to occupyMoldavia andWalachia until the Ottoman Empire had paid a largeindemnity; those indemnities were later reduced. The treaty was signed on 14 September 1829 inAdrianople by CountAlexey Fyodorovich Orlov of Russia and Abdülkadir Bey of the Ottoman Empire.[2]
The Ottoman Empire gave Russia access to the mouths of the Danube and the fortresses ofAkhaltsikhe andAkhalkalaki inGeorgia. The Sultan recognized Russia's possession of Georgia (withImeretia,Mingrelia,Guria) and of the Khanates ofErivan andNakhichevan which had been ceded to the tsar byPersia in theTreaty of Turkmenchay a year earlier.[3] The treaty opened the Dardanelles to all commercial vessels, thus liberating commerce for cereals, livestock and wood. However, it took theTreaty of Hünkâr İskelesi (1833) finally to settle the Straits Question between the signatories.
Under the Treaty of Adrianople, the Sultan reguaranteed the previously promised autonomy to Serbia, promised autonomy forGreece, and allowed Russia to occupy Moldavia and Wallachia until the Ottoman Empire had paid a large indemnity. However, under the modifications of the later Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi, these indemnities were sharply curtailed.[4] The treaty also fixed the border between the Ottoman Empire and Wallachia on thethalweg of theDanube, transferring to Wallachia the rule of therayas ofTurnu,Giurgiu andBrăila.[5][6]
The main sections of the treaty were as follows:
Among the inhabitants of the annexed territory,Georgians predominated, in addition to whom there livedAzerbaijanis ("Tatars" in the terminology of that time),Turks,Armenians, andKurds. Soon after the end of hostilities, Turks and Kurds left the newly annexed territories to the Ottoman Empire, and about 30 thousand Ottoman Armenians fromErzurum andKars Pashalyks settled in their places. The resettled Armenians were not only settled in theAkhaltsikhe andAkhalkalaki regions, but also inTbilissi,Erevan andNakhchivan.[7]
The Turks recognize Russian possession of Georgia and the khanates of Yerevan (Erivan) and Nakhichevan that had been ceded by Persia to Russia the year before.
Full text of the Treaty in "The History of the Eastern Question", p. 68, athttps://archive.org/details/history-of-eastern-question-2nd/page/n11/mode/2up
Media related toRusso-Turkish War (1828–1829) at Wikimedia Commons
