| Rap metal | |
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 Limp Bizkit's Wes Borland and Fred Durst performing at the Movistar Arena in Santiago, Chile on July 21, 2011 | |
| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | 1980s, United States |
| Typical instruments |
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| Derivative forms | |
Rap metal is a fusion genre that combineship hop withheavy metal. It usually consists of heavy metal guitarriffs,funk metal elements,rapped vocals and sometimesturntables.
Rap metal's roots are based both in hip hop acts who sampledheavy metal music, such asBeastie Boys, MC Strecker[3]Cypress Hill,[4]Esham[5][6] andRun-DMC,[7] androck bands who fused heavy metal and hip hop influences, such as24-7 Spyz[8] andFaith No More.[9]
Scott Ian ofAnthrax (who helped pioneer the genre) believesRage Against the Machine invented the genre.[10]
In 1987, the heavy metal bandAnthrax fused hip hop with heavy metal for theirextended playI'm the Man.[11] The next year rapperSir Mix-a-Lot teamed up withMetal Church for his 1988 single "Iron Man", from his debut albumSwass, loosely based upon theBlack Sabbathsong of the same name.[2] Rap metal can be found in a track from the industrial metal bandMinistry in their 1989 albumThe Mind Is a Terrible Thing to Taste on the track "Test" for which they hired rappers The Grand Wizard (K. Lite) and The Slogan God (Tommie Boyskee) to perform vocals. In 1990, the rapperIce-T formed a heavy metal band calledBody Count, and while performing at the 1991Lollapalooza tour performed a set that was half rap songs and half metal songs.Stuck Mojo andClawfinger, both formed in 1989, are considered to be another two pioneers of the genre.[12][13] Anthrax in 1991 teamed up withPublic Enemy for a remake of the latter's "Bring the Noise" that fused hip hop withthrash metal.[14] Also in 1991, the thrash metal bandTourniquet featured the hip hop group P.I.D. on the song "Spineless" from their albumPsycho Surgery.[15][16]
In the 1990s, rap metal became a popular style of music. For instance, the bandFaith No More's song "Epic" was a major success and peaked at number 9 on theBillboard Hot 100.[17] 1993 saw the release of theJudgment Night soundtrack that featured numerous collaborations between rappers, musicians and rock and metal group of bands.Rage Against the Machine's 1996 albumEvil Empire entered theBillboard 200 at number one, and in 1999, their third studio album,The Battle of Los Angeles, also debuted in top spot in theBillboard 200, selling 430,000 copies in its first week.[18] Each of the band's albums became at least platinum hits.[19]Biohazard played on theOzzfest mainstage alongsideOzzy Osbourne,Slayer,Danzig,Fear Factory, andSepultura. In support of the album, Biohazard embarked on a short co-headlining tour of Europe withSuicidal Tendencies.
On August 18, 1998, Atlantic released rap metal musicianKid Rock'sDevil Without a Cause behind the single "Welcome 2 the Party (Ode 2 the Old School)" and Kid Rock went on theVans Warped Tour to support the album. Sales of "Welcome 2 The Party" andDevil Without a Cause were slow, though the 1998 Warped Tour inNorthampton, Massachusetts stimulated regional interest inMassachusetts andNew England. This led to substantial airplay of the single "I Am The Bullgod" during the summer and fall of 1998 on Massachusetts rock staplesWZLX andWAAF. In early December 1998, while DJing at a club, he met and became friends with MTV hostCarson Daly. He talked Daly into getting him a performance on MTV and on December 28, 1998, he performed onMTV Fashionably Loud inMiami, Florida, creating a buzz from his performance, even upstagingJay-Z. In May, his sales began taking off with the third single "Bawitdaba" and by April 1999,Devil Without a Cause had achieved agold disc.[20] The following month,Devil, as he predicted, went platinum.[20] Kid Rock's first major tour was Limptropolis, where he opened forLimp Bizkit withStaind. He solidified his superstardom with aWoodstock 1999 performance and on July 24 of that year, he was double platinum.[20] The following single "Cowboy", a mix of southern rock, country, and rap, was an even bigger hit, making the Top 40. It even became the theme song ofWCW'sJeff Jarrett. Rock's next single, the slow back porch blues ballad "Only God Knows Why", was the biggest hit off the album, charting at No. 19 on theBillboard Hot 100. It was one of the first songs to use theautotune effect. By the time the final single, "Wasting Time", was released, the album had sold 7 million copies.Devil Without a Cause was certified 11 times platinum by theRIAA on April 17, 2003.[20] According to Nielsen SoundScan, as of 2013, actual sales are 9.3 million. Kid Rock was nominated as Best New Artist at the 2000 Grammy Awards, but lost toChristina Aguilera. He was nominated for "Bawitdaba" for Best Hard Rock Performance, but lost toMetallica's "Whiskey in the Jar". In 1998,Ice Cube released his long-awaited albumWar & Peace Vol. 1 (The War Disc) which had some elements of nu metal and rap metal on some tracks.[21] The album debuted at No. 7 on theBillboard 200 chart, selling 180,000 copies in the first week.[22]
It reached the height of its popularity during 1999,[23] with the Port HuronTimes-Herald describing the summer of that year as a "bipolar menu of harsh rap-metal and gooeyteen pop."[24] Around this time, the style started to attract criticism in the mainstream, particularly after the troubledWoodstock 1999 festival, which featured many artists associated with rap metal andnu/alternative metal, such as Kid Rock, Limp Bizkit, Rage Against the Machine andReveille.[25]Pop punk musician Jeff Brogowski toldThe Morning Call newspaper in 1999 that "these macho rap-metal bands are just so mean-spirited. Look what happened at Woodstock (last summer). All the violence, looting and the fires. Something strange is going on. Maybe it has something do with all the economic prosperity. It's getting ugly like it was during the '80s, when so many people and bands were so cocky."[26]
The nu/rap metal band Limp Bizkit's 1999 albumSignificant Other climbed to No. 1 on theBillboard200, selling 643,874 copies in its first week of release.[27] In its second week of release, the album sold an additional 335,000 copies.[27] The band's follow-up album,Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water, set a record for highest week-one sales of a rock album with over one million copies sold in the U.S. in its first week of release, with 400,000 of those sales coming on its first day, making it the fastest-selling rock album ever, breaking the record held for 7 years byPearl Jam'sVs.[28] That same year,Papa Roach's major label debutInfest became a platinum hit;[29] the album later sold over 3 million copies worldwide making it the band’s most successful album to date and making Papa Roach an influential act in the nu metal scene.Cypress Hill incorporated direct heavy metal influences into their 2000 albumSkull & Bones, which featured six tracks in which rappersB-Real andSen Dog were backed by a band includingFear Factory membersChristian Olde Wolbers andDino Cazares andRage Against the Machine drummerBrad Wilk.[30] B-Real also formed a rap metal group,Kush, with Wolbers, Fear Factory drummerRaymond Herrera andDeftones guitaristStephen Carpenter.[31][32] According to B-Real, Kush is more aggressive than other bands in the genre.[32]SX-10, formed in 1996 by Sen Dog, also performs rap rock and rap metal.[33]
In 2000, the rap metal bandP.O.D.'s 1999 albumThe Fundamental Elements of Southtown went platinum[34] and was the 143rd best-selling album of 2000.[35] Late in 2000,Linkin Park released their debut albumHybrid Theory, which remains both the best-selling debut album by any artist in the 21st century, and the best-selling nu metal album of all time.[36] The album was also the best-selling album in all genres in 2001, offsetting sales by prominent pop acts likeBackstreet Boys andN'Sync,[37] earning the band aGrammy Award for their second single "Crawling",[38] with the fourth single, "In the End", released late in 2001, becoming one of the most recognized songs in the first decade of the 21st century.[39][40] Therap rock bandCrazy Town also broke into the mainstream success of nu metal with their 1999 albumThe Gift of Game, especially their number 1 hit single, "Butterfly", which peaked at number 1 on many charts including theBillboard Hot 100 during March 2001, remaining on the Hot 100 for 23 weeks.[41][42] It also peaked at number 1 on theModern Rock Tracks chart and the Hot Dance Singles chart as well as peaking number 6 on the Rhythmic Top 40, number 2 on the Top 40 Mainstream chart and number 4 on the Top 40 Tracks chart.[43] Their albumThe Gift of Game peaked at number 9 on theBillboard 200.[43] Worldwide the album sold more than 2.5 million units,[44] with more than 1.5 million in the US alone.[45] Also that year wasSaliva'sEvery Six Seconds which was also a commercial success, debuting at no. 6 on theBillboard 200. In 2001, the bandP.O.D.'sSatellite album went triple platinum[46] and peaked at #6 on theBillboard 200 chart.[47]
Proyecto Eskhata, a Spanish band which debuted in 2012, has received much press coverage in Spain for its fusion ofprogressive rock and rap metal, which journalists have described as "progressive rap metal".[48][49][50][51]
Nu metal (also known asnü-metal andaggro-metal) is a genre that combines elements ofheavy metal music with elements of other music genres such aship hop,alternative metal,funk,industrial andgroove metal.Nu metal bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, including rap metal and other heavy metal subgenres.[citation needed]
| Trap metal | |
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| Stylistic origins | |
| Cultural origins | Late 2010s, United States |
| Typical instruments |
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| Other topics | |
Trap metal (also known asragecore,death rap,[52]hardcore trap, industrial trap andscream rap) is a subgenre oftrap music that features elements and inspiration from variousmetal andhardcore punk genres,[53] as well as elements of other genres, likeindustrial[54] andnu metal.[55] It is characterized by distorted beats, hip hop flows, harsh vocals, and can also sometimes feature guitar riffs that are eithersampled, synthesized or recorded by an actual guitarist.[53][56][57]Bones has been considered byKerrang! to be one of the earliest practitioners of the genre, releasing tracks that could be considered "trap metal" beginning around 2014.[58] British rapperScarlxrd is often associated with the genre and is considered a pioneer of trap metal.[59][60][53][58]WQHT describedOG Maco's2014 eponymous EP as being a part of the genre's early development.[61] Other artists associated with trap metal includeDropout Kings,[62]Bone Crew,[63]Ghostemane,[58]ZillaKami,[64]Fever 333,[65]Ho99o9,[66]City Morgue,[67]Kid Bookie,[68]Kim Dracula,[69]Backxwash,[70]Banshee,[71]Denzel Curry,[72] and$uicideboy$,[52] as well as the early careers ofXXXTentacion,6ix9ine[73] andSki Mask the Slump God.[74]
The stylistic influences of trap metal vary widely, with some artists such as City Morgue and Ho99o9 drawing influence fromhardcore punk,[64][66] while other artists such as Ghostemane have pioneered their own sounds with influences from genres includinggothic rock,industrial metal,black metal andemo.[75]
The first wave of alternative metal bands fused heavy metal with prog-rock (Jane's Addiction, Primus), garage punk (Soundgarden, Corrosion of Conformity), noise-rock (the Jesus Lizard, Helmet), funk (Faith No More, Living Colour), rap (Faith No More, Biohazard), industrial (Ministry, Nine Inch Nails), psychedelia (Soundgarden, Monster Magnet), and even world music (later Sepultura)... Some of those bands eventually broke out to wider audiences, often with help from the Lollapalooza tour, and they also set the stage for a new wave of alt-metal that emerged around 1993-94, centered around the Rap Metal fusions of Rage Against the Machine and Korn, the grindingly dissonant Tool, the heavily production-reliant White Zombie, and the popular breakthrough of Nine Inch Nails. These bands would become the most influential forces in shaping the sound and style of alternative metal for the rest of the '90s, along with Pantera, whose thick, molten riffs sounded like no other thrash-metal band.
When 40 Below Summer self-released their debut album, Side Show Freaks, in 1999, rap-metal was huge -- and countless bands were jumping on the Korn/Limp Bizkit/Slipknot/(hed) pe bandwagon.
The triple-platinum milestone was recently reached by hard rock act P.O.D.'s year-old "Satellite" (Atlantic)
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