Los Angeles has a complex multimodaltransportation infrastructure, which serves as a regional, national and international hub for passenger and freight traffic. The system includes the United States' largest port complex; an extensive freight and passenger rail infrastructure, includinglight rail lines andrapid transit lines; numerous airports and bus lines;vehicle for hire companies; and an extensive freeway and road system. People in Los Angeles rely oncars as the dominant mode of transportation,[1] but since 1990,Los Angeles Metro has built over one hundred miles (160 km) of light and heavy rail serving more and more parts of Los Angeles and the greater area of Los Angeles County; Los Angeles was the last major city in the United States to get a permanent rail system installed.[citation needed]
Transportation in Greater Los Angeles is a complex multimodaltransportation infrastructure, which serves as a regional, national and international hub for passenger and freight traffic. The transportation system of Greater Los Angeles includes the United States' largest port complex, seven commuter rail lines, and Amtrak service. With many highways, it is integrated into theInterstate Highway System.
The Los Angeles metropolitan area has five commercial airports and many more general-aviation airports.
The primary Los Angeles airport isLos Angeles International Airport (LAX). The seventh busiest commercial airport in the world and the third busiest in theUnited States, LAX handled 28.8 million passengers, 2.3 million metric tons (2.5 million short tons; 2.3 million long tons) of cargo and 380,000 aircraft movements in 2020.[2]
Other major nearby commercial airports include:LA/Ontario International Airport (serves theInland Empire);Hollywood Burbank Airport (serves theSan Fernando andSan Gabriel Valleys);Long Beach Airport (serves theLong Beach/Harbor area); andJohn Wayne Airport (serves theOrange County area).
The world's busiest general-aviation airport is also located inLos Angeles,Van Nuys Airport.Santa Monica Airport is also located near Los Angeles.
Union Station is the major regionaltrain station forAmtrak,Metrolink andMetro Rail. The station is Amtrak's fifth busiest station, having 1.4 million Amtrak boardings and de-boardings in 2019.[3] Amtrak operates eleven daily round trips betweenSan Diego andLos Angeles, five of which continue toSanta Barbara via thePacific Surfliner, the only service that runs throughLos Angeles multiple times daily. Two of those trips continue toSan Luis Obispo, California. TheCoast Starlight provides additional service on the route and beyond to theSan Francisco Bay Area,Sacramento, and on toSeattle, Washington. Amtrak motor coaches connect fromLos Angeles to theGold Runner route inBakersfield with frequent service through theCentral Valley of California toSacramento andOakland, and eastward toSan Bernardino andLas Vegas.
There is also daily service toChicago, Illinois on theSouthwest Chief, and three times a week toNew Orleans, Louisiana on theSunset Limited. Due to the effects fromHurricane Katrina,Sunset Limited service betweenNew Orleans toJacksonville, Florida has been discontinued, althoughAmtrak is required by current federal law to develop a plan to reinstate the service. TheTexas Eagle is a second train toChicago, which operates thrice weekly.Sunset Limited andTexas Eagle trains operate as one train betweenLos Angeles andSan Antonio, Texas before splitting off towards their respective destinations.
AmtrakPacific Surfliner trains stop at several locations inLos Angeles County, including:Glendale,Bob Hope Airport inBurbank,Chatsworth, andVan Nuys.
Due to the large volumes of import freight that flow into the city's port complex,Los Angeles is a major freight railroad hub. Freight is hauled byUnion Pacific Railroad andBNSF Railway. The now-defunctSouthern Pacific Railroad once served theLos Angeles area before merging with Union Pacific. TheAlameda Corridor, a below-grade rail corridor connects the port to the city's main rail yards and to points further north and east.
TheCalifornia High-Speed Rail plans to connect Los Angeles toSan Francisco andSan Diego via theInland Empire. Additionally, theBrightline West will serve Los Angeles toLas Vegas viaRancho Cucamonga.
The major freeway routes providing intercity connections areInterstate 5 (which goes north toSacramento and south toSan Diego),U.S. Route 101 (which goes north toSanta Barbara andSan Francisco), andInterstate 10 (which goes west toSanta Monica and east toPhoenix, Arizona).
Greyhound,FlixBus, and various smaller bus lines provide intercity bus services. Greyhound connects directly toBakersfield and from there into theCalifornia Central Valley,San Diego, Las Vegas, and the San Francisco Bay area. It departs from Los Angeles Union Station[4][5] and from a secondary terminal located close to the North Hollywood Metro station.[6][7]
ThePort of Los Angeles is located inSan Pedro Bay in theSan Pedro neighborhood, approximately 20 miles (30 km) south ofDowntown. Also calledLos Angeles Harbor andWORLDPORT L.A., the port complex occupies 7,500 acres (30 km2) of land and water along 43 miles (69 km) of waterfront. It adjoins the separatePort of Long Beach. There are also smaller, non-industrial harbors along L.A.'s coastline. Most of these likeRedondo Beach andMarina del Rey are used primarily bysailboats andyachts.
ThePort of Los Angeles andPort of Long Beach comprise the largest seaport complex in theUnited States and the fifth busiest in the world. Over 11 percent ofUnited States international trade (by value) passes through theLos Angeles region, and theLos Angeles customs district collects over 37 percent of the nation’s import duties.[8]
The port includes four bridges: theVincent Thomas Bridge,Henry Ford Bridge,Gerald Desmond Bridge, andCommodore Schuyler F. Heim Bridge.
Catalina Express offers passenger ferry service from San Pedro to the communities ofAvalon andTwo Harbors onSanta Catalina Island;[9] they are mainly used for day excursions and to move supplies. There is however no regular vehicle ferry service to the island since the use of cars and trucks there are restricted.[10]
There are a dozen majorfreeways that crisscross the region. California's first freeway was theArroyo Seco Parkway segment ofCalifornia State Route 110, also known as the Pasadena Freeway. It opened on January 1, 1940 and links downtown Los Angeles to downtown Pasadena. From Chavez Ravine north toPasadena it can be quite dangerous because there is noshoulder, the lanes are narrow, the turns are sharp (not always properly banked), and the ramps are quite short and offer little room for acceleration to freeway speed. The route is often described as a hybridization of older parkway designs and more modern freeway designs.[11] Commercial vehicles over 6,000 pounds (2.7 t; 2.7 long tons) are prohibited from using this freeway. Newer freeways are straighter, wider, and allow for higher speeds.
Major freeways in Los Angeles include:
Glendale Freeway.svg)
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Santa Ana FreewayGolden State Freeway.svg)
Santa Monica Freeway/San Bernardino Freeway
Antelope Valley Freeway
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Seaside Freeway
Pomona Freeway
Marina Freeway
Gardena Freeway
Hollywood Freeway
Ventura Freeway
Terminal Island Freeway.svg)
Glenn M. Anderson Freeway/Century Freeway.svg)
Harbor FreewayArroyo Seco Parkway
Ronald Reagan Freeway.svg)
Foothill Freeway.svg)
San Diego FreewayLong Beach FreewayMajor highways in Los Angeles include:
Pacific Coast Highway/Lincoln BoulevardSanta Monica Boulevard
Decker Canyon Road
Topanga Canyon BoulevardAlameda StreetSlauson AvenueHighland Avenue
Venice BoulevardAngelenos are noted for referring to freeways with the definite article ("The 101"), in contrast to most other areas of the United States, who omit the article. Referring to freeways by name, for example "The San Diego Freeway", is essentially a holdover from the time when the freeways were built, and is diminishing. Freeways continue to be officially named; for example, State Route 118 was christened the Ronald Reagan Freeway.
Los Angeles has synchronized its traffic lights.[12][13][14] The mean travel time for commuters in Los Angeles is shorter than other major cities, includingNew York City,Philadelphia andChicago. Los Angeles' mean travel time for work commutes in 2006 was 29.2 minutes, similar to those ofSan Francisco andWashington, DC.[15]Rush hour occurs on weekdays between 5 am and 10 am, and in the afternoon between 3 pm and 7 pm (although rush-hour traffic can occasionally spill out to 11 am and start again from 2 pm until as late as 10 pm, especially on Fridays). Traffic can occur at almost any time, particularly before major holidays (includingThanksgiving,Christmas, and three-day weekends) and even on regular weekends when one otherwise would not expect it.
The city has an extensive street grid.Arterial streets (referred to assurface streets by locals, in contrast with freeways which are usually grade-separated roadways) connect freeways with smaller neighborhood streets, and are often used to bypass congested freeway routes. Consequently, most of the surface arterial streets in Los Angeles have various forms of congestion control.
Some of the more common means of maintaining surface street traffic flow is the use of loop-sensors embedded in the pavement allowing for intersection traffic signal timing adjustments to favor the more heavily delayed roadways; the use of a traffic control system allows for the synchronization of traffic signals to improve traffic flow (as of October 2009 this system is currently installed at 85% of the city's signalized intersections, more than any other US city); restrictions on vehicle turns on roadways without designated turning lanes during rush-hours; and the extensive use of rush-hour parking restrictions, allowing for an extra lane of travel in each direction during peak hours (weekdays excluding holidays generally from 7-9am thru 4-7pm, although hours vary by location) by eliminating on street parking and standing of vehicles, with violators being ticketed, and in the case of priority routes known as "anti-gridlock zones", immediately towed by specialized enforcement teams dubbed "tiger teams" at steep cost to the violator.
1st Street divides the block numbering grid north and south, and southwest of the Los Angeles River, Main Street divides the city east and west. Northeast of the river, block designations are divided east and west by Pasadena Avenue and North Figueroa Street.
From downtown Los Angeles to Long Beach, in a straight-down vertical pattern, east–west streets are numbered (starting with 1st Street in downtown, to 266th Street inHarbor City), and north–south streets are named. (1st Street is one block south of Temple.) There are many exceptions to the numbered streets, but the above pattern is generally used. This same numbered pattern is not mirrored north of Temple. Addresses are then numbered east or west stemming from Main Street (a major north south artery). Therefore, the landmark Watts Towers at 1765 E. 107th Street is approximately 107 streets south of 1st Street, and on the 17th street east of Main Street. Although the numbered streets are sequential, they do not necessarily equal the number of blocks south of 1st Street, as there are streets such as 118th Street and then 118th Place.
Many of the numbered streets also continue into neighboring cities, but some cities, such as Manhattan Beach, have made their own numbered street grid. Also, some districts of Los Angeles, such as Wilmington, San Pedro, Venice, and Playa Del Rey have their own numbered street grids.
Many arterials have been labeled asboulevards, and many of those mentioned below have been immortalized in movies, music, and literature.
Major east–west routes include:Roscoe,Victory,Ventura,Hollywood,Sunset,Santa Monica,Beverly,Wilshire,Olympic,Pico,Venice,Washington,Adams,Jefferson, Exposition,Obama Boulevard, andMartin Luther King Jr (formerly Santa Barbara Avenue), andCentury Boulevard. The major north–south routes include:Topanga Canyon,Crenshaw,Reseda,Lincoln,Sepulveda,Van Nuys,Westwood,Beverly Glen,San Vicente,Robertson,La Cienega,Laurel Canyon,Glendale,Avalon Boulevard, andMain Street.
There are many other famous L.A. streets which carry significant traffic but are not labeled as boulevards. Examples include:Broadway,Bundy Drive, Barrington Avenue,Centinela Avenue,Fountain Avenue,Mulholland Drive,Slauson Avenue,Pacific Coast Highway, Century Park East,Avenue of the Stars, Century Park West,Normandie Avenue,Highland Avenue,Melrose Avenue,Florence Avenue,Manchester Avenue,Vermont Avenue,La Brea Avenue,Fairfax Avenue,Western Avenue, Van Ness Avenue,Figueroa Street,Grand Avenue, Huntington Drive,Central Avenue,Alameda Street, andImperial Highway. West Los Angeles has many streets named after states that run east and west. Somewhat confusingly, adjacent Santa Monica uses a few of the same state names for different streets of its own.
Potholes are a notorious problem in Los Angeles and frequently cause severe damage to all kinds of vehicles. In 2008, then-mayorAntonio Villaraigosa made "Operation Pothole" one of his top priorities for that year and pledged to fill 1 million potholes.[16] Due to the city's poorly managed budget, the city's Bureau of Street Services had only a single dedicated pothole-repair truck to cover 275 miles (440 km) of streets.[17] Many city streets, such asWilshire Boulevard, were engineered when cars, trucks, and buses were much smaller, and desperately need to be torn up and rebuilt from scratch to handle the weight of today's larger vehicles.[17]
Furthermore, due to its severe budget problems, Los Angeles is one of the few California cities that does not useraised pavement markers on its streets. Thus, Los Angeles drivers must be vigilant not only for potholes, but for other drivers drifting out of lanes due to the lack of tactile feedback normally provided by such markers.
In congruence with the assertion of a popular song that"nobody walks in L.A.",[18] only 3.5% of Los Angeles residents commuted to work by walking in 2016[19] and Los Angeles residents walk for exercise at rates similar to those of other major U.S. cities.[20][failed verification]
Downtown Los Angeles has numerous publicescalators andskyways, such as theBunker Hill steps[21] to facilitate pedestrian traffic in the traffic-laden and hilly terrain. Downtown Los Angeles is one of two neighborhoods in Los Angeles ranked as a "walker's paradise" (with walk scores 90 or above) byWalkscore. The other is Mid-City West, which encompasses the area of the city immediately south ofWest Hollywood and east ofBeverly Hills.[22]
Much of Los Angeles remains pedestrian unfriendly. A large percentage of sidewalks in the City of Los Angeles (43% or 4,600 miles (7,400 km) of the 10,600 total miles (17,100 km)) are in ill repair stemming from theCity Council decision in 1973 to use the federal money they had to take over the responsibility from the adjacent property owners. Previously they had conformed to California law which puts the responsibility for repair of sidewalks on the property owners. As certain popular species of trees accelerated the damage caused by roots, the council failed to concurrently allocate funds for continuing city repairs of such sidewalks. Voters were unwilling to approve funding repairs with a tax or a bond measure. The city again began dedicating funds for sidewalk repairs in 2000 but defunded the program during theGreat Recession.[23] In 2015, the city agreed to a landmark legal settlement that would fix the backlog of broken sidewalks and make other improvements to help those with disabilities navigate the city. The biggest agreement of its kind in U.S. history would settle a lawsuit on behalf of people in wheelchairs or others with mobility impairments who argued that crumbling, impassable sidewalks and other barriers were a violation of theAmericans With Disabilities Act since they were prevented from accessing public pathways.[24][25] In 2024, Mayor Karen Bass signed an executive directive designating a single committee tasked with coordinating the maintenance, delivery and development of street projects. Made up of general managers from nine city divisions, it will coordinate the work of the different departments and bureaus that deal with the concrete, asphalt, street lighting, bike lanes, storm water drains and parks.[26]
Bicycling accounts for approximately 1% of Los Angeles commuting and has almost doubled in the last ten years.[when?] People in Los Angeles commute to work by bicycle about twice as frequently as the US average[27] There are extended stretches of bicycle paths such as theLos Angeles River bicycle path, which runs from Burbank to Long Beach, with only a brief hiatus through downtown.
The primary regionalpublic transportation agency isLos Angeles Metro. The agency, which operates bus, light rail and subway services, averages 767,000 transit trips per weekday.[28] It is the third largest transit agency in the United States. Other municipal transportation agencies in Los Angeles County (LADOT,Long Beach Transit,Montebello Bus Lines,Norwalk Transit, Redondo Beach,Santa Monica'sBig Blue Bus,Santa Clarita Transit,Torrance Transit[29] andFoothill Transit) have an additional 405,000 average weekday boardings.[30]
In February 2008, Metro introduced theTAP card universal fare system. The TAP card allows bus and rail passengers to tap their cards on the farebox for faster boarding. TAP readers are installed on bus fareboxes and on turnstiles and standalone validators at rail stations. Because not all Metro Rail stations have turnstiles, it operates on aproof-of-payment system: as such, Metro's fare inspectors randomly check to make sure TAP users have validated their card by using a wireless handheld unit. TAP is now accepted on a number of different transit systems in Los Angeles County.
The extensive bus system operated by LACMTA includes theMetro Local,Metro Rapid, and formerlyMetro Express services. Local buses tend to be orange, rapid buses red, and express buses blue. Rapid bus route numbers usually begin with a 7 and express bus numbers begin with 4 and 5. The buses have an estimated 1.3 million boardings on the weekdays.[31] Including other municipal bus operators, Los Angeles County averages 1.7 million bus boardings per weekday,[30] accounting for approximately 5.9% of the 29 million daily trips originating in Los Angeles County.[32]
LACMTA has twobus rapid transit lines: theG Line and theJ Line.
The G Line runs fromChatsworth station toNorth Hollywood station and began operations on October 29, 2005 as the Orange Line. For the entirety of its 17.7-mile (28.5 km) length, the 60-foot (18 m) articulated buses, built byNorth American Bus Industries and dubbedMetro Liners, operate on bus-only lanes that follow an old railroadright-of-way. Portions of the route parallel Chandler and Victory Boulevards, and Oxnard Street.[33]
The J Line runs 38 miles (61 km) alongInterstate 10 andInterstate 110 betweenEl Monte and downtownSan Pedro.[34]
Foothill Transit also operates a bus rapid transit system called theSilver Streak, which runs fromMontclair toDowntown Los Angeles along theEl Monte Busway on Interstate 10.[35]
Other local bus systems include:
Between itslight rail andheavy rail systems, Metro Rail has 107.4 miles (172.8 km) of rail, averaging 308,653 trips per weekday,[31] and accounting for approximately 1.1% of the 29 million daily trips originating in Los Angeles County.[32] The network includes four above-groundlight rail lines (theA,C,E, andK lines) and one undergroundsubway with two branches (theB andD lines). The Los Angeles Metro Rail ranked by daily ridership as theninth-busiest rapid transit system in the United States. Ranked by passengers per route mile, however, the system rankssixth, transporting 8,846 passengers per route mile,[31] more than San Francisco'sBay Area Rapid Transit or theChicago "L".
The Los Angeles Metro Rail system connects areas across the county, includingLong Beach,Pasadena,Norwalk,El Segundo,North Hollywood,Inglewood andDowntown Los Angeles. As of 2023, four additional rail expansion projects are under construction, and various other projects are under study. The timing of their construction will depend on the availability of funding. These projects include:
Also serving Los Angeles and several surrounding counties isMetrolink, a regionalcommuter rail service. Metrolink averages 42,600 trips per weekday, the busiest line being the San Bernardino line.[30]
The city of Los Angeles has, a low rate of public transportation use compared to similar sized American cities, with only 7.7% of commuters getting to work by this means in 2021.[36] The city's average one-way commute was approximately 29 minutes in 2021.[36] 31% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 20 minutes, while 38% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 6.9 mi (11.1 km), while 30% travel for over 7.5 mi (12.1 km) in a single direction.[37]
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Vehicle for hire companies face numerous regulations in California.[38]
Taxis in Los Angeles are regulated by the Board of Taxicab Commissioners. There are 9 taxi companies in Los Angeles that operate more than 2,300 taxis. Some of the largest Taxi companies in Los Angeles are LA Yellow Cab, Bell Cab, and United Independent Taxi. RideYellow, Curb and Flywheel are three of the most popularmobile apps providing taxi service in Los Angeles.[39][40]
Uber andLyft operate in Los Angeles.[41]
In November 2019, Los AngelesChief Design Officer Christopher Hawthorne launched L.A. Lights The Way under the supervision ofMayorEric Garcetti, an open competition to design and fabricate a new, improved, and multi-use standardLED poweredstreet light to be installed and supplant the 220,000 existing less efficienthigh pressure sodium street lamps and the current single-function, utilitarian,LED-operated CD953 model streetlight that has been standardized throughout Los Angeles since 2009.[42][43] According to Hawthorne, the L.A. Lights the Way initiative serves as an opportunity "to reconnect with the city's 'rich tradition' of streetlight modernization,"[44] a potential way to "mitigate the unequal distribution of the city's 'most beautiful' streetlights, which are currently concentrated in the wealthiest neighborhoods,"[44] and as an avenue through which to establishSmart City infrastructure throughout Los Angeles. Additionally, the timeliness of the design competition echoes the larger, city-wide efforts to refurbish and modernize the city’s public environment in preparation for the2028 Olympic Games (though the L.A. Lights The Way initiative is not explicitly included in Garcetti'sTwenty-eight by '28 transit infrastructure plan).[42]
On September 3, 2020, Hawthorne announced viaTwitter[45] that of the over 100 anonymous global entries, the winner of the contest’s $70,000 prize was the Superbloom concept, coincidentally created by the L.A.-based design studio Project Room.[44] The Superbloom street light is amodular-designed system that, according to project leader Sandy Yum, employsbiomimicry in the form a bouquet of flowers, with each metal tubular “flower” serving a distinct technological or physical feature. Yum describes the design focus of the Superbloom concept was, "to take the ever increasing number of things we demand from our streetlights — shade, traffic sensors, telecom, EV charging, wayfinding, banners, the list goes on — and translate that into a form that is uniquely LA."[44] The Superbloom concept, according to Project Room, embodies asystems-basedapproach to engineering municipal infrastructure, and that the Superbloom system anticipates and invites future innovations given that extra “tubes are built in to the design for future use. Additional arms can be quickly and affordably fabricated. The streetlight expresses its purposes as simply as possible and yet remains open to change and to the future.”[46]
The proposed Superbloom system is designed to incorporate features that have the potential to mitigate the detrimental effects of the variousenvironmentally racist modern urban design phenomena, such as increasing the amount of shade to combaturban heat islands that are disproportionately found in low-income communities of color. Concerned citizens, media outlets, and other advocates ofenvironmental justice have also noted the potential racial and class-oriented implications ofsecurity lighting, claiming that such an interconnected, municipally owned system has the potential to expand and streamline the LAPD's preexisting practice of mounting "security cameras, gunshot monitors, and other surveillance tools,"[42] thus increasing the potential for the over-policing and subsequent racial profiling of lower-income or racially/ethnically homogenous neighborhoods.[47]
In 2021, of the 6.8 million workers who commuted in the Los Angeles-Long Beach metro area, 81.6% commuted to workdriving alone, 10.9% commuted by driving in acarpool and 2.7% commuted onpublic transportation.[citation needed] In 2006, 64.9% of public transportation commuters were non-white, 70.2% wereHispanic and 67.6% were foreign born. 75.5% of public transportation commuters earned less than $25,000. However, only 32.7% of public transportation commuters had novehicle available to them for their commute.[15]
In the same year, for the City of Los Angeles, of the 1.4 million workers who commuted, 74.7% commuted to work driving alone, 10.7% commuted by driving in a carpool, 7.7% commuted by public transportation, and 3.5% walked. The percentage of population using public transport in Los Angeles is lower than other large U.S. cities such asSan Francisco,Chicago andNew York, but similar to or higher than other western U.S. cities such asPortland andDenver. 63.8% of public transportation commuters in the City of Los Angeles in 2006 were non-white, 75.1% were Hispanic and 73.9% were foreign born. 79.4% of public transportation commuters earned less than $25,000 and 37.6% had no vehicle available to them for their commute.[15]
Driving alone has increased at the expense of public transportation in recent years, with the most marked decline occurring between 2019 and 2021 due to commute pattern changes coincident withCOVID-19. According to the American Community Survey, only 70.6% of workers who commuted in the City of Los Angeles did so by driving alone in 2006, and 11.5% used public transportation. The percent of workers commuting by public transportation had slowly fallen to 9.5% in 2019 before falling further to 7.7% in 2021. The number of commuters by public transit fell from 177,099 in 2019 to 106,300 in 2021, as the number of workers working from home increased from 130,409 to 432,722.[36]
Los Angeles is strongly predisposed to accumulation ofsmog, because of peculiarities of its geography and weather patterns. The millions of vehicles in the area combined with the additional effects of theLos Angeles/Long Beach complex frequently contribute to furtherair pollution. Los Angeles was one of the best known cities suffering from transportation smog for much of the 20th century, so much so that it was sometimes said thatLos Angeles was a synonym forsmog.[48] In particular, the entire area in between Los Angeles Harbor andRiverside has become known as the "Diesel Death Zone".[49]
TheAmerican Lung Association's 2023 State of the Air Report ranks the Los Angeles-Long Beach metro area as the most polluted in the United States for ozone. However, for year-round particulate matter, the metro area is outranked by three metro areas in theSan Joaquin Valley, namelyBakersfield,Visalia andFresno-Madera-Hanford. For short-term particulate matter, it is outranked by those same three metro areas as well as number of additional California metro areas such asSan Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, as well asFairbanks,Alaska.[50]
The city has about 9,300 miles (15,000 km) of sidewalk. Many are perilous or impassable due to lack of maintenance to those who have disabilities that affect their mobility. In 2015, the city committed to spending $1.4 billion over the next 30 years to resolve a class-action lawsuit citing violations of the Americans With Disabilities Act by fixing other barriers to full and safe access to city streets.[51]
Vision Zero is an initiative aimed at eliminating traffic-related fatalities. In Los Angeles County, an average of more than 75 people die each year in traffic collisions on unincorporated roadways. The County has developed an Action Plan to guide efforts to improve traffic safety in these communities.[52]
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