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| Type | Action figure |
|---|---|
| Inventor(s) | Shōji Kawamori Kazutaka Miyatake |
| Company | Hasbro /Takara |
| Country | United States /Japan |
| Availability | 1984–1992 |
| Slogan | "More than meets the eye" "Robots in disguise" |
| Official website | |
Transformers: Generation 1 (also known asGeneration One orG1) is a toy line from 1984 to 1990, produced byHasbro andTakara Tomy.[1] Inaugurating the successfulTransformers toy and entertainment franchise, the line of toy robots could change into an alternate form (vehicles such as cars and planes, miniature guns or cassettes, animals, and even dinosaurs) by moving parts into other places. The line was originally calledThe Transformers, with "Generation 1" originating as a term coined by fans of the toys when theTransformers: Generation 2 toy line was released in 1992. Hasbro eventually adopted the term "Generation 1" to refer to any toy produced in that era.
The Transformers started as a joint venture betweenHasbro of theUnited States andTakara ofJapan. After an idea to rebrand and sell Takara'sDiaclone andMicro Change robot toys as a whole new line with a new concept behind it (developed by Hasbro's partners atMarvel Comics), Hasbro ultimately created what would be one of the longest-running and most popular franchises for both companies. Starting in 1984, the line ran for seven years in America and eight in Europe and Japan (though Takara would break the line up into multiple sub-franchises).[2]
In 1983, Hasbro representatives were sent to theTokyo Toy Show [ja], a toy expo in Japan, in search of prospective toys that they could import to the North American market. At the time, Japanese toy manufacturerTakara was showcasing several transforming robot toys from lines such asDiaclone andMicro Change. Hasbro bought the rights to produce the toys, but decided to release them under a single brand to avoid confusing the market with several series with similar premises.[3] Other toy molds from other companies such asBandai were used as well.
Prior to the Hasbro deal, Takara briefly soldDiaclone toys in specialty toy shops in the U.S. under the "Diakron" moniker, while in some parts of Europe,Diaclone enjoyed a small following with a comic book series for that market.
Hasbro had a business relationship withMarvel Comics, which had successfully produced the Hasbro tie-in comic bookG.I. Joe: A Real American Hero, based on the Hasbroaction figureG.I. Joe. Marvel was approached once again to provide abackstory for the new toy line. Marvel editor-in-chiefJim Shooter created an overall story, and editorBob Budiansky created names, short descriptions and profiles for the characters.
The designs for the original 28 figures were made by renowned anime character and mecha designersShōji Kawamori andKazutaka Miyatake.[4][5]
When the toy line was released, it was supported by the Marvel Comics series, ananimated television series, and a gamut of other merchandising tie-ins. The 1986 feature filmThe Transformers: The Movie generated $5,706,456 at the United States box office.[6]
The premise behind theTransformers toy line is that an individual toy's parts can be shifted about to change it from a vehicle, a device, or an animal, to a robotaction figure and back again. The franchise's taglines, "More Than Meets the Eye" and "Robots in Disguise", reflect this ability.[7]
TheTransformers plot has two factions of sentient alien robots: the heroicAutobots and the villainousDecepticons. (These factions are known as "Cybertrons" and "Destrons" in Japan, respectively, although the English terms are better known world-wide.)
Both sides are from a race called Transformers – robots that can change into vehicles, mechanical devices and even animal forms. They have wagedcivil war for eons on their home planet of Cybertron, a war that had started several million years B.C., before humans even existed on Earth. Their planet of Cybertron had become decimated and both factions have been reduced to scavenging for needed supplies, primarily energy. The Autobots leave their planet on a space ship, and the Decepticons follow them in their own vessel. When the Decepticons board the Autobot ship, a battle breaks out, and with nobody controlling the ship, it crashes onto prehistoric Earth and knocks the Transformers unconscious. Millions of years later, in 1984, the dormant volcano the Autobot ship had crashed on becomes active. The eruption re-sets the ship's computer, which deploys a probe to study the planet. The computer learns that the planet is inhabited, and in order to survive first contact the computer both repairs the disabled Transformers and re-configures them with physical forms based on vehicles and machines of human origin. The Transformers are now able to hide by changing into vehicles or devices in case humans turn out to be hostile.
This initial premise, in all three media of toys, TV series, and comics, became more cosmic in scale. More stories began to be set in outer space and on alien worlds, especially afterThe Transformers: The Movie.
Additional story elements are also added to the series, such as establishing the origins of the Transformers race. The movie established a cruel and coldly logical race of alien squid-like creatures with five faces and tentacles known asQuintessons, who were later revealed as the creators of the Autobots and Decepticons in the third season of the series. They also created a gigantic factory that would become Cybertron. Eventually the design of the robots would become so sophisticated they developed emotions, self-awareness, and the machines went into rebellion, known as the 1st Cybertronian War. After successfully seizing control of Cybertron the robots lived in peace until the Decepticons could not resist or overcome their innate desire for military campaign and attempted a coup. The Autobots only overcame the Decepticons in the 2nd Cybertronian war by developing transformation to hide as mundane objects, vehicles, or tools. After copying the transformation ability of Autobots and creating a new leader named Megatron, the Decepticons launched into a 3rd Cybertronian war that would see Cybertron ruined, at which point the TV series begins.
Two characters – each the greatest leader of his side, became the most iconic representatives of the series:Optimus Prime of theAutobots andMegatron of theDecepticons. After the featured film, Megatron was reformed asGalvatron, and Optimus Prime was replaced for the majority of the third season byRodimus Prime, only to return at the end. Both Optimus Prime and Megatron continued to appear in one form or another in subsequentTransformers series, where they maintained their leadership roles.
The toys of Generation 1 have seven series by year.[8]: 4
The first series features twenty-eight characters in all; eighteen Autobots and ten Decepticons.[8]: 11–32
Optimus Prime is the Autobot Commander and transforms into a tractor trailer truck – specifically aFreightliner COE 1980. While in its robot form, the toy consists of three separate parts: the main figure, which transforms into thecabin of the truck; an Autobot Headquarters, which transforms into thetractor trailer, serves as a combat deck, and includes a mechanic/artillery robot; and a small scout car named Roller, which launches from the Autobot Headquarters.[8]: 11
The eleven Autobot cars consist of Bluestreak, Hound, Ironhide, Jazz, Mirage, Prowl, Ratchet, Sideswipe, Sunstreaker, Trailbreaker, and Wheeljack.[8]: 17–26 Bluestreak, thegunner, transforms into aDatsun Fairlady 280ZX;[8]: 17 Hound, thescout, transforms into aMitsubishi J59 Jeep;[8]: 18 Ironhide, who serves assecurity, transforms into a1980 Nissan Onebox Cherry Vanette;[8]: 19 Jazz, thespecial operations expert, transforms into a 1976Porsche 935 Martini (#4); Mirage, thespy, transforms into aLigier JS11 Formula 1 Racer;[8]: 20 Prowl, themilitary strategist, transforms into aDatsun Fairlady 280ZX Police Cruiser;[8]: 21 Ratchet, themedic, transforms into aNissan Onebox Ambulance Vanette;[8]: 22 Sideswipe, awarrior, transforms into aLamborghini Countach prototype crafted from the LP500S model;[8]: 23 Sunstreaker, who is Sideswipe's twin brother, and is also a warrior, transforms into a Lamborghini Countach LP500S;[8]: 24 Trailbreaker, thedefense strategist, transforms into aToyota Hi-Lux 4WD;[8]: 25 and Wheeljack, themechanical engineer, transforms into aLancia Stratos Turbo #539 "Alitalia".[8]: 26
Almost all of the first year Autobot cars were nearly identical in appearance to their Diaclone counterparts with the exception of Bluestreak and Ironhide. All box art as well as catalog and instructions for Bluestreak show a blue Fairlady Z with a silver hood. The toy itself was only sold in solid silver. There has been rumors of a "blue" Bluestreak being released in the US market but no boxed examples have been identified. Ironhide is a red Nissan Onebox Cherry Vannette and the Diaclone version was black.
The six Autobot minicars consist of Brawn, Bumblebee, Cliffjumper, Gears, Huffer, and Windcharger.[8]: 13–15 Brawn, who serves indemolitions, transforms into aLand Rover Defender 4x4;[8]: 13 Bumblebee transforms into aClassic Volkswagen Beetle;[8]: 13 Cliffjumper, a warrior, transforms into aPorsche Turbo 924;[8]: 14 Gears, who serves as atransport and inreconnaissance, transforms into a4WD off-road truck;[8]: 14 Huffer, theconstruction engineer, transforms into the cabin of asemi truck;[8]: 15 and Windcharger, a warrior, transforms into aPontiac Firebird Trans Am.[8]: 15
A yellow Familia 1500XG minicar dubbed "Bumblejumper" and later known as Bumper was released on Cliffjumper backer cards. No carded examples have been found with the minicar on a Bumblebee backer card.
Megatron is the Decepticon Leader and can transform into three different types of guns; aWalther P38handgun, aparticle beam cannon, and atelescopiclaser cannon.[8]: 27
Soundwave is the Decepticon Communicator and transforms into a microcassette recorder modeled after a 1980sSony Walkman.[9]: 42–43 The five Decepticon microcassettes are Buzzsaw, Frenzy, Laserbeak, Ravage, and Rumble.[9]: 37–41, 43–44 Buzzsaw, the spy, resembles acondor while in robot form and came packaged with Soundwave.[8]: 43–44 Laserbeak, who serves ininterrogation, also resembles a condor while in robot form and was sold with Frenzy, who is a warrior.[9]: 39–41 Ravage, thesaboteur, resembles ajaguar while in robot form and was sold with Rumble, who serves in demolitions.[9]: 37–39
The three Decepticon planes are Skywarp, Starscream, and Thundercracker. All three of them transform intoF-15 Eagles. Skywarp and Thundercracker are both warriors, while Starscream is theAerospaceCommander.[9]: 45–48
To save production costs in developing separate chassis for multiple toys, many of the G1 Transformers are simply re-painted or re-accessorized clones of one another. The physical actions to transform one or the other between modes was identical. For example:
Finally, Thundercracker, Starscream, and Skywarp are functionally identical to one another. The Series 2 Decepticon jets (Thrust, Dirge, and Ramjet) all share the same robot centerline of the Series 1 jets with different attachable wing accessories (Thrust's have molded (non-functional) vertical turbofans in them, Dirge's are elongated like a hyper-performance flyer, and Ramjet's have ramjets).
As the series moved farther along beyond the first two series and new characters were introduced, this replication became fewer and farther between. The newer toys tended to share thematic processes (such as the Headmaster and Targetmaster lines) but the physical manipulation of the toy to transform it between modes was generally unique to that character.
Series 2 features reissued versions of all of the toys from Series 1 and also introduced seventy-six new toys.[10]: 12–16 [9]: 49–100 Although in a broad sense, forty-three of these new toys are Autobots, and thirty-one of them are Decepticons, the branding for the toy line became much more specific during this series, as various subgroups began to be introduced. As such, only thirty-five of these new toys are standard Autobots and only eighteen of them are standard Decepticons. Of the other new toys, five are branded as "Dinobots", three are branded as "Omnibots", six are branded as "Constructicons", and seven are branded as "Insecticons"; the Dinobots and the Omnibots are both subgroups of the Autobots, while the Constructicons and the Insecticons are both subgroups of the Decepticons. Each following series of Generation 1 introduced more subgroups to the toy line and continued the practice established by Series 2 of aligning those with names ending in the suffix "-bot" with the Autobots, and those with names ending in the suffix "-con" with the Decepticons. Rounding out the seventy-six new toys of the series, are the first two accessories of the toy line to be individually sold.[9]: 49–100
Can you find the black square label on your Transformer? Rub the label-Watch the robot face appear! It is your evidence that this robot is a "true" Transformer! was operating explanation for the heat-sensitive rub signs, as found in the instruction booklets for toys that were new to Series 2, and in brochures that were included with the reissued Series 1 toys.[9]: 49
All of the toys released during Series 2, both those that were new to the series, as well as the reissued versions of Series 1 toys, featured heat-sensitive rub signs. These would reveal either the Autobot logo or the Decepticon logo upon being rubbed. Intended as a means of authentication, they were introduced in response to similar, though inferior, bootleg toys that were being released at the time.[10]: 12 [9]: 49
Series 2 features seven new Autobot Cars. They consist of Grapple, Hoist, Inferno, Red Alert, Skids, Smokescreen, and Tracks.[9]: 56–61 Grapple, thearchitect, transforms into acrane;[9]: 56–57 Hoist, who serves inmaintenance, transforms into a Toyota Hi-Lux 4WDtow truck model;[9]: 57–58 Inferno, who serves insearch and rescue, transforms into afire engine;[9]: 58 Red Alert, thesecurity director, transforms into afire chief's Lamborghini Countach;[9]: 56–61 Skids, thetheoretician, transforms into aHonda City Turbo;[9]: 59–60 Smokescreen, thediversionarytactician, transforms into a1979 custom Datsun 280ZX;[9]: 60–61 and Tracks, a warrior, transforms into a1980 Chevrolet Corvette.[9]: 61
Series 2 features five new Autobot minicars. They consist of Beachcomber, Cosmos, Powerglide, Seaspray, and Warpath.[9]: 51–54 Beachcomber, thegeologist, transforms into adune buggy;[9]: 51 Cosmos, who serves in reconnaissance and communications, transforms into aflying saucer;[9]: 51–52 Powerglide, a warrior, transforms into anA-10 Thunderbolt II airplane;[9]: 52–53 Seaspray, who serves in naval defense, transforms into ahovercraft;[9]: 53–34 and Warpath, a warrior, transforms into atank.[9]: 54
Series 2 features two Autobot Jumpstarters; Topspin and Twin Twist.[9]: 55–56 Both of them transform intospaceships. Topspin serves in land and sea assault,[9]: 55 and Twin Twist serves in demolitions.[9]: 55–56
Series 2 features two Autobot Deluxe Vehicles; Roadbuster and Whirl.[9]: 67–69 Roadbuster, the Ground Assault Commander, transforms into a 4-WD vehicle,[9]: 67–68 and Whirl, who serves inaerial assault, transforms into anAH-1 Cobra Helicopter.[9]: 68–69
The 1984-85 lines became the foundation of the Generation 1 series, with all of the classic characters introduced here. The two years were actually one single run, story-wise and thematically. This is most evident in the first and second seasons of the animated series.[citation needed]
The toys made use of molds and designs primarily from theMicro Change andDiaclone lines. The 1985 toyline introduced the idea of special subgroup teams like the Dinobots,Constructicons andInsecticons. Toward the end of the animated series’ second season, several characters from the 1986 line were introduced, particularly the Combiner teams.[citation needed]
Other characters were taken from different toy lines of other companies.[citation needed]
The year of 1986 saw Hasbro start using original designs for many characters as fewerMicroman andDiaclone molds were recycled. This was a banner year for the toy line as the tie-in animated feature,The Transformers: The Movie, was finally released. While the movie was not the blockbuster Hasbro hoped for, it marked a change in the direction the series in general was taking.
The last use of a non-Takara toy for the Hasbro line was also in 1986: Sky Lynx, originally manufactured by ToyBox.
New charactersRodimus Prime andGalvatron replaced Optimus Prime and Megatron in their respective roles. Subgroup teams became prevalent. The number of new characters increased from this year on. The TV series followed the movie and was now set in the future while the comics’ storyline continued to be set in the present time.
Optimus Prime and Megatron were both offered as a Movie Mail Away. Both figures were identical to their original release with the exception of a more reinforced fist design for Optimus Prime. Both figures came in their standard styrofoam insert but the box was a plain brown mailer box. Each figure was accompanied with a "Movie Edition" certificate and sticker.
AsTransformers went on, new characters needed new gimmicks to stand out. As the number of Combiner teams had been reduced, theHeadmasters and Targetmasters were introduced. Fortress Maximus and Scorponok became leaders of the Autobot and Decepticon forces respectively.
One of the more unusual toys introduced in the year was Sixshot, a Decepticon billed as a "Solo Transformer Assault Group" ("S.T.A.G."), having as many as six modes. This number of modes was unprecedented at the time - Sixshot's instruction leaflet was even sealed shut with a sticker, challenging buyers to figure out all six modes without aid. Twenty limited edition all black versions of the Sixshot toy were produced.
The animated series had one more season, but only three episodes were produced in America due to Sunbow losing its contract and its subsequent inability to renew (coinciding with the G.I. Joe cartoon's demise). Thus, only the comics supported the toy line.
Transformers continued on, despite less support and still managed to introduce a plethora of new characters. New Headmaster and Targetmaster characters were introduced, but the new driving forces for the line were the Pretenders and Powermasters (which featured the return of Optimus Prime).
The toy line received a new logo design for its sixth year. The subgrouping idea was changed as characters were now limited to Pretender andMicromaster groups. These two groups were further subdivided into thematic teams. A few classic characters were revamped as Pretenders.
In its final year in the US market,Transformers' last burst was with a more expanded Micromaster line and the introduction of the Action Masters – non-transforming figures of classic characters with transformable vehicles and weapons.
Of the countriesTransformers was exported to,Japan and theUK were the only ones to innovate upon the toy line in the interim between 1990 and 1993, before the launch of the next series,Transformers: Generation 2.
The UK releases, while in general following the American releases and storylines, omitted a fairly large selection of the original toys from the US line. The UK line first started branching away from the US line in 1990 with the re-releases of several early toys under the "Classics" banner. However, it was 1991 when the UK line went in its own unique direction. Though there were only a few characters introduced, they were toys that none of the US audience had ever seen. The 1991 and 1992 toys also found their way toAsian andAustralian stores. The 1991 line did away with the Micromasters but had additional Action Master characters, in addition to re-uses of some of Takara's previously Japanese-exclusive molds.
1992 saw the release of the Autobot Turbomasters, the Decepticon Predators, yellow unnamed versions of theConstructicons (minus the parts to make Devastator), and re-colored versions of four sixths of the Japanese-exclusiveBreastforce, simply known collectively as theRescue Force. In early 1993, more exclusive figures were released under theTransformers (no subtitle) label, most notably the color-changing Stormtroopers, the Lightformers, the Trakkons, and the Autobot and Decepticon Obliterators. The heads of the Obliterators, Pyro and Clench, were the inspiration for the redesigned Autobot and Decepticon symbols that were used on this year's packaging and later used forTransformers: Generation 2.
The Japanese toy company Takara, from whichTransformers had originated, had the rights to distribute the toys in Japan. Unlike Hasbro UK, Takara had more autonomy for releases and storyline that were running concurrent with the American line. For example, several characters appeared that were only exclusive to the Japanese market andToei Animation continued the animated series with their own storylines.
In 1989, Takara departed from the lineup of characters that Hasbro released that year, choosing instead to use a different set of characters. In 1990, the Micromaster concept was embraced wholeheartedly as the majority of the toys that year and the next were of that nature. 1991 would see more Micromasters released, including the first Micromaster combiner, alongside three larger Battlestars. One of which was Star Convoy, a reborn version of Optimus Prime. Uniquely, the 1991 range in Japan consisted of only Autobot characters. The 1992 range in Japan was the final year of Generation 1, and featured several more Micromaster combiners, recolored versions of Defensor and Bruticus, and the smaller Turbomasters and Predators which were concurrently released in Europe.
The animated series was produced bySunbow Productions,Marvel Productions, andToei Animation (occasionally byAKOM).
In March 2009,Shout! Factory announced that they had acquired license from Hasbro to re-release Transformers on DVD in Region 1. The Complete First Season: 25th Anniversary edition was released on June 16, 2009. The set includes 16 episodes, in addition to bonus footage, including: The history of Hasbro and the origins of Transformers. Season 2, Volume 1 was released on September 15, 2009. Season 2, Volume 2 was released on January 12, 2010.
In addition, On October 20, 2009,Shout! Factory released the complete series in a single box set for the first time in Region 1. This set, dubbed "Transformers- The Complete Series: The Matrix of Leadership Collector's Set" features all 98 remastered episodes along with all new bonus features on 16 DVDs.[11]
Three publishers had or have the license to producecomic books based on the Transformers.Marvel Comics held the license during the original run of the toy line. Marvel's UK branch also published their own Transformers stories.Dreamwave Productions revived Transformers comics in 2002 but went bankrupt in 2005, forcing a cessation.IDW Publishing picked up the rights soon after.
Each publisher to pick up the comics rights all chose to go with their owncontinuity than continue the hanging storylines from the previous publisher. As the comics regularly features characters dying, thus far, this is the only way to get around regarding use of characters and issues regarding their place in continuity. Also, the series by Marvel UK used the stories from the US but as the series run weekly, additional stories had to be made to act as supplement. These UK only stories often worked in and around the US stories, offering a different experience.
So far, there are four comic book continuities based on the Generation 1 characters:
| No. | Title | Issues | Publication date | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First published | Last published | ||||
| Marvel Comics continuity | |||||
| 1 | The Transformers | 80 | September, 1984 | July, 1991 | |
| 2 | The Transformers UK | 332 | September, 1984 | July, 1991 | |
| 3 | The Transformers: The Movie | 3 | August, 1986 | October, 1986 | |
| 4 | G.I. Joe and the Transformers | 4 | January, 1987 | April, 1987 | |
| 5 | The Transformers: Headmasters | 4 | July, 1987 | January, 1988 | |
| 6 | Transformers: Generation 2 | 12 | November, 1993 | October, 1994 | |
| 7 | Transformers: Generation 2 UK | 5 | September, 1994 | February, 1995 | |
| 8 | Transformers: Regeneration One | 20 | July, 2012 | March, 2014 | |
| 9 | Transformers '84: Secrets & Lies | 4 | August, 2019 | October, 2020 | |
| Dreamwave comics continuity | |||||
| 10 | Transformers: Generation One | 26 | April, 2002 | December, 2004 | |
| 11 | Transformers: The War Within | 15 | October, 2002 | December, 2004 | |
| 12 | Transformers: Micromasters | 4 | June, 2004 | September, 2004 | |
| IDW 2005 comics continuity | |||||
| 13 | IDW 2005 comics continuity | 427 | October, 2005 | November, 2018 | |
| IDW 2019 comics continuity | |||||
| 14 | Transformers | 43 | March, 2019 | June, 2022 | |
| 15 | Transformers: Galaxies | 12 | September, 2019 | December, 2020 | |
| 16 | Transformers: Escape | 5 | December, 2020 | July, 2021 | |
| 17 | Wreckers: Tread & Circuits | 4 | October, 2021 | January, 2022 | |
| 18 | Transformers: War's End | 4 | February, 2022 | May, 2022 | |
| Total | 1004 | September, 1984 | present | ||
In 1986, film critic Richard Martin called the first generation toy series a more fun counterpart toRubik's Cube in "[helping] children develop their hand-eye coordination and their spatial reasoning skills, but Hasbro kept quiet about this, believing no self-respecting 10-year-old boy would bug his parents half to death to buy him an educational toy". He said "[kids mastered] its difficulties in no time [but it makes] grown-ups feel like klutzes". He said the resulting TV show "has topped the ratings every week since its debut in 1985, thus setting the stage forThe Transformers: The Movie (1986) [which is] designed to sell more toys to more kids. [...] Transformers don't really die, they just become new products."[12]
Ralston producedbreakfast cereals based on 1980s cartoons, includingTransformers Chocolate Flavored Cereal, similar toCocoa Puffs.[13]
The official international Transformers convention isBotCon, but other fan events includeAuto Assembly and TransForce in the UK and past Transformers-only events have included BotCon Japan, BotCon Europe and "The Official Transformers Collectors' Convention" (OTFCC). The first large Transformers convention in theNordic countries was called "The NTFA Mini-Con", with official support from Hasbro Nordic, and was held by members of The Nordic TransFans Association (NTFA) for the first time on November 3–4, 2007. The second NTFA convention with official support from Hasbro Nordic was renamed "NordCon" (to avoid copyright problems with the name "Mini-Con") and held inAalborg,Denmark, from June 19–20, 2010. It featuredSimon Furman as a guest of honour. In 2011, NordCon and Auto Assembly joined forces to create a new convention called Auto Assembly Europe, which first took place inUppsala,Sweden, in November 2011.[14][15]
ATransformers Hall of Fame was created in 2010. The Botcon 2010 inauguration includedBob Budiansky,Peter Cullen,Hideaki Yoke,Ōno Kōjin, and the charactersOptimus Prime,Bumblebee,Megatron,Starscream and theDinobots.[16][17]
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