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Esperantists often use non-Esperanto transcriptions, such asHepburn andKunrei, totranscribe theJapanese language in theEsperanto alphabet. However, the need for a transcription in the Esperanto alphabet is essential for non-Japanese speaking Esperantists to be able to pronounce words.
There are two well-known transcription systems of Japanese inLatin alphabet:Hepburn andKunrei. However, there is no officialEsperanto transcription forJapanese. This page presents one of the unofficial methods of transcription.
Most books on Esperanto published inJapan provide tables for transcription. In 2012, a book byKenichi Fujimaki, calledRevised Esperanto Grammar (まるごとエスペラント文法 改訂版)[1] explains one way of transcription, however, as far as 1923,Yoshimi Ishiguro writes hisBeginning Esperanto Textbook (初等エスペラント教科書)[2] explaining a transcription, however the remaining digital copies of his works are barely readable, so they are not included in this article.
The symbol "っ" / "ッ" is not actually transcribed, but instead, indicated by doubling the following consonant. For example,さっぽろ is transcribed as "Sapporo".
According toHepburn:
According toKunrei:
These are various methods of transcribing the wordTokyo (とうきょう,kanji:東京):
The Japanese voweli is changed toj and the vowelu is changed toŭ for Esperanto transcription.
If there is aじ (ji) before anん (n) in a word, it must be written asĝi. Otherwise, eitherĵi orĝi can be used.
When the syllableず/づ is used at the beginning of a word, it ismostly transcribed asdzu, directly fromHepburn; but if the syllable is anywhere else in the word, it ismostly transcribed aszu.
Generally, some vowels may not be said at all. This is very common in everyday speech in Japanese[3]
| あ アa | い イi | う ウu | え エe | お オo | や ヤja | ユ ゆju | よ ヨjo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| か カka | き キki | く クku | け ケke | こ コko | きゃ キャkja | きゅ キュkju | きょ キョkjo |
| さ サsa | し シŝi | す スsu | せ セse | そ ソso | しゃ シャŝa | しゅ シュŝu | しょ ショŝo |
| た タta | ち チĉi | つ ツcu | て テte | と トto | ちゃ チャĉa | ちゅ チュĉu | ちょ チョĉo |
| な ナna | に ニni | ぬ ヌnu | ね ネne | の ノno | にゃ ニャnja | にゅ ニュnju | にょ ニョnjo |
| は ハha | ひ ヒhi | ふ フfu | へ ヘhe | ほ ホho | ひゃ ヒャhja | ひゅ ヒュhju | ひょ ヒョhjo |
| ま マma | み ミmi | む ムmu | め メme | も モmo | みゃ ミャmja | みゅ ミュmju | みょ ミョmjo |
| ら ラra | り リri | る ルru | れ レre | ろ ロro | りゃ リャrja | りゅ リュrju | りょ リョrjo |
| わ ワ ŭa | ゐ ヰ ŭi | ゑ ヱ ŭe | を ヲ ŭo | ||||
| ん ンn | |||||||
| が ガga | ぎ ギgi | ぐ グgu | げ ゲge | ご ゴgo | ぎゃ ギャgja | ぎゅ ギュgju | ぎょ ギョgjo |
| ざ ザza | じ ジĝi /ĵi | ず ズzu /dzu | ぜ ゼze | ぞ ゾzo | じゃ ジャĝa /ĵa | じゅ ジュĝu /ĵu | じょ ジョĝo /ĵo |
| だ ダda | ぢ ヂ (ĝi) / (ĵi) | づ ヅ (zu) / (dzu) | で デde | ど ドdo | ぢゃ ヂャ(ĝa) /(ĵa) | ぢゅ ヂュ(ĝu) /(ĵu) | ぢょ ヂョ(ĝo) /(ĵo) |
| ば バba | び ビbi | ぶ ブbu | べ ベbe | ぼ ボbo | びゃ ビャbja | びゅ ビュbju | びょ ビョbjo |
| ぱ パpa | ぴ ピpi | ぷ プpu | ぺ ペpe | ぽ ポpo | ぴゃ ピャpja | ぴゅ ピュpju | ぴょ ピョpjo |
| イェ je | ||||
| ウィ ŭi | ウェ ŭe | ウォ ŭo | ||
| ヴァ va | ヴィ vi | ヴ vu | ヴェ ve | ヴォ vo |
| シェ ŝe | ||||
| ジェ ĝe /ĵe | ||||
| チェ ĉe | ||||
| ティ ti | トゥ tu | |||
| テュ tju | ||||
| ディ di | ドゥ du | |||
| デュ dju | ||||
| ツァ ca | ツィ ci | ツェ ce | ツォ co | |
| ファ fa | フィ fi | フェ fe | フォ fo | |
| フュ fju | ||||
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