Trams in Finland date from a horse-drawn Turku tramway network, which opened in 1890. Electric tramway traction started in Finland in 1900 with the introduction of electric trams in Helsinki, and the last horse-drawn trams were withdrawn from operation in 1917. Although there were three Finnish tramway networks between 1912 andWorld War II, by 1972 the number of networks had dwindled to just one, that ofHelsinki, which remained Finland's only tramway network for almost 50 years. However, in August 2021, alight rail line was opened to the public inTampere.[1] There have also been proposals to set up tram or light rail networks in some other cities. As of 2021, the most concrete such plans are in Turku.[2]
| City/Region | Article | Propulsion | Period | Rail gauge (mm) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helsinki | Trams in Helsinki | Horse | 1891–1901, 1913–1917 (Lauttasaari trams) | 1,000 | |
| Electricity | 1900– | 1,000 | |||
| Tampere | Trams in Tampere | Electricity | 2021– | 1,435 | |
| Turku | Trams in Turku | Horses | 1890–1892 | 1,435 | |
| Electricity | 1908–1972 | 1,000 | |||
| Vyborg | Trams in Vyborg | Electricity | 1912–1939, 1943–1957 | 1,000 | Tram system stopped after Russia invaded Vyborg |
In Helsinki, horse trams operated between 1890 and 1901. Since 1900, electric trams have operated there.
For part of its existence, the Helsinki tramway network has been supplemented by atrolleybus line: in 1949–1974, and on a trial basis in 1979–1985.
Between 1913 and 1917 there was a short-lived horse-drawn tramway inLauttasaari, an island that was a part of the Helsinki Rural Municipality and since 1920 the municipality ofHuopalahti, which was later merged into Helsinki.[3]
TheKulosaari, andHaaga municipalities also had a tramway that belonged to the Helsinki tram network.
In Turku, there were horse-drawn trams from 1890 to 1892, and electric trams from 1908 to 1972. The tram network was abandoned in 1972, when the last remaining tram line was replaced by buses.
The arguments against the Turku tramway were associated with the 1960s view that trams were an outdated mode of transport, while buses were seen as modern technology. The decision to close the Turku tramway network can also be seen in part as inspired by events in Stockholm, which had closed most of its tramway network a little earlier.
The municipalities ofKaarina andMaaria in the Turku region had a tramway that belonged to the Turku tram network.
Trams began running in Viipuri, then a part of theGrand Duchy of Finland, in 1912. They were electrically operated from the start.
Following thecession of the city to theSoviet Union duringWorld War II, the tramway network remained in service until 1957.
Somenarrow gauge Finnish railways with mostly or only freight traffic have been called "tramways".[citation needed]
These railways include industrial lines, such as the "freight tram" in Tampere (fromFinlayson toSantalahti woodyard a few kilometres away), which closed in 1957, the railway inMustio (a freight line from the railway station to the mill), which closed in 1964 and theKyröskoski industrial railway inHämeenkyrö (Finland's last narrow gaugeindustrial railway), which closed in 1989. The harbour railway inLohja, which was Finland's first electric railway, running from the state railway station to the port, carried both passenger and freight services but closed in 1930.
In Helsinki, there are ten tram lines with a total network length of 39 km (24.2 mi). The most recent line opening since 1976 took place in August 2008, when line 9 was opened, initially running fromKolmikulma toItä-Pasila. Line 9 was later extended to run to the newly developed harbour area ofJätkäsaari.
Since August 2021, there has been a tram system in Tampere, consisting of two intersecting lines.[1][4][5] The tramway has a total network length of 16 km (9.9 mi).
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In the Helsinki region, there are plans to expand the tramway network, through a large project calledRaidejokeri. This planned expansion will become the firstlight rail line in Helsinki when opened. Currently, theJokeri line is bus line 550, which will be replaced by the cross-city light rail line similar to Stockholm'sTvärbanan. TheRaidejokeri will dramatically extend the Helsinki tramway network, as its entire length runs outside of the existing tram network. This will be the first tramway network to serve the city ofEspoo.
TheJokeri line runs from the site of themetro station atAalto-yliopisto andKeilaniemi, Espoo in the west to theItäkeskus metro station, Helsinki in the east. It also offers interchange with commuter and long-distance rail services inLeppävaara, Espoo andOulunkylä andHuopalahti, Helsinki.
The Helsinki tramway network is being extended toJätkäsaari south ofRuoholahti, andLaajasalo east of the city centre, through a series of bridges across the islands includingKorkeasaari, in a project known as theCrown Bridges.
The construction of theTampere light rail system started in 2017, with the first two lines being completed in August 2021.[6] Further extensions to the system are underway, with the section from Pyynikintori to Santalahti being scheduled for opening in 2023.[5]
In Turku, the newest light rail plan was approved as part of the Turku area public inquiry for the period to 2020. In December 2009, the Turku City Council decided that "light rail will be built for the routes that are heavily congested, when the financial plan and related conditions, and government financing and the proportions that the other municipalities within the region will pay for construction, have been agreed."[7] As of 2020, the Turku municipal council was researching the best path for the first new tram line in the city.[2]
There have also been proposals to build a heritage tramway in Turku that would run during the summer season along theAura River between theTurku Castle andMartinsilta (St Martin's Bridge), and later also to theMarket Square, in perhaps the most attractive part of Turku. The old tram depot (with a few old, restored cars in operating condition) is on Linnankatu, a stone's throw from the castle and the river. The route would be relatively short, and the tramway would therefore be relatively inexpensive to build. The Museum Tram initiative is pending in the Turku city administration, but has not been progressed since 2005.
There are proposals to introduce light rail in a number of Finnish cities, such asOulu,Pori,Jyväskylä,Kouvola,Pieksämäki, and also in Espoo andVantaa, cities belonging toGreater Helsinki, whose systems would probably be built to be compatible with the Helsinki tramway network.[citation needed]
| Existing |
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| Under construction |
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| Defunct | |
| Planned | |
| Unrealised | |
