Atrain ticket is atransit passticket issued by arailwayoperator that enables the bearer to travel on the operator's network or a partner's network. Tickets can authorize the bearer to travel a set itinerary at a specific time (common for long-distance railroads), a set itinerary at any time (common forcommuter railroads), a set itinerary at multiple times, or an arbitrary itinerary at specific times. The last two categories are often calledpasses: the former is often sold as a discounted block of trips for commuters; the latter is often sold to vacationers, such as EuropeanEurail passes.
In some countries, like Italy, and somelocal railways in Germany, conductors are not used. Instead passengers are expected to validate tickets in a special stamping machine before entering the train. A system of coupons that are validated with a special machine exists on theMumbai Suburban Railway where combinations of coupons of denominations are used to get the corresponding ticket value.[1] There may or may not be a conductor later on double-checking that correct tickets are actually held. Yet further systems are possible, for example in Japan, theLondon Underground and in local traffic inStockholm, the platforms are blocked byturnstiles, forcing the acquisition of a ticket before entering the platform.
Some train tickets are available with an option to add bus travel at either end of the train ticketed journey, as part of a wider transport network. For instance, thePlusbus scheme in the United Kingdom offers bus travel on an integrated ticket for an additional fee.[2] In Germany, most long-distance train tickets include a "city ticket" valid on the public transit system of origin and destination. This is automatically included at no extra charge in all tickets purchased byBahnCard holders and is indicated on the ticket.[3]
Early tickets were similar to a form of currency issued by individual railroads, sold by agents and collected byconductors who were audited by the railroad to be sure ticket inventories matched reported passenger earnings. As continuous travel over several connected railways became common, Coupon tickets with serrated portions for each railway company might be issued at the origin of travel and sequentially collected by conductors of the railways providing travel to avoid the necessity for purchasing additional tickets at each transfer point.[4]
In the US, a conductor may also provide the passenger with aseat check — another voucher indicating how far the passenger may travel on the system — or attach it over the seat also punched by the conductor showing the passenger's destination, along with conductors organizing train seating by destination during boarding. Some systems (Amtrak, for instance) have two-part tickets that permit the passenger to retain a cancelledticket stub; others (theNew Jersey Transit andMassachusetts Bay Transportation Authority commuter rail systems, for instance) do not. Seat checks are changed frequently to ensure that passengers cannot retain and reuse them from journey to journey. (Conductors typically collect checks before stops to prevent this.)
A through-ticket is a single contract for a multi leg journey that guarantees certain passenger rights and protections in case of disruptions on one leg of the journey, e.g a missed train.
InEuropean rail, through-tickets are regulated byRail Passenger Rights Regulation 2021.
Until 2019,Eurostar had an agreement withDeutsche Bahn that allowed passengers to travel on a through-ticket by train from the UK via Brussels to Germany. Under the agreement, passengers could travel on a single through-ticket with passenger rights in case of disruption of one train.[5]
Increasingly,electronic tickets are being used as replacements for paper tickets. Amtrak, as of June 30, 2012[6] offers electronic tickets on all train routes which have QR codes to identify the ticket's validity and can be printed out or shown to a conductor on asmartphone orApple Watch screen. Similar systems are used byEurostar,[7]Chiltern Railways[8] andGreat Western Railway[9] in the UK.
InIndia, anSMS sent by theIndian Railways, along with a validproof of identity is considered equivalent to a ticket.[10]
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