The nameCorolla is part of Toyota's naming tradition of using names derived from theToyota Crown for sedans, with"corolla"Latin for "small crown".[3] The Corolla has always been exclusive in Japan toToyota Corolla Store locations, and manufactured in Japan with a twin, called theToyota Sprinter until 2000. From 2006 to 2018 in Japan and much of the world, and from 2018 to 2020 in Taiwan, the hatchback companion had been called theToyota Auris.
Countries and territories where the Toyota Corolla has been produced. Red indicates Japan, blue indicates countries where the Corolla is currently produced, and green indicates countries where the Corolla was formerly produced.Toyota Corolla logo used since 2000.
The first generation Corolla was introduced in November 1966 with the new 1100 ccKpushrod engine. TheCorolla Sprinter was introduced as the fastback version in 1968, and exclusive to a Toyota Japan dealership retail outlet calledToyota Auto Store.[6] It was the second car available to Japanese buyers atToyota Corolla Store next to theToyota Publica.
In May 1970, the E20 was restyled with a more rounded body. The now mutually exclusive Corolla and Sprinter names were used to differentiate between two slightly different treatments of sheet metal and trim. The Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno names were introduced as the enhanced performance version of the Corolla and Sprinter respectively when adouble overhead camshaft version of the2T engine was introduced in March 1972 (TE27).
In September 1970, the 1400 cc T and 1600 cc 2TOHV engines were added to the range.[7][6]
In Australia, only the 1.2 L engine (3K) powered 2-door KE20 was available as a sedan and wagon / panelvan. The brakes were single system with no booster, solid discs on the front and rear drums. Front sway bar but no rear sway bar. Parts are not compatible with later models.
In New Zealand, the 4-door KE20 was available alongside the 2-door KE25 and KE26 2-door wagon respectively.
Most models stopped production in July 1974 but the KE26 wagon and van were still marketed in Japan alongside the new 30-series, until production finally ended in May 1978.
April 1974 brought rounder, bigger and heavier Corollas and Sprinters. The range was rounded out with the addition of a two-doorliftback.[8] The Corollas were given E30 codes while the Sprinters were given E40 codes. A facelift in March 1976 saw most Corolla E30 models replaced by equivalent E50 models and most Sprinter E40 models were replaced by equivalent E60 models. The E30 Corolla was fitted with retracting front seat belts.[6]
In Australia, the KE3x/KE5x was available as 4-door sedan (KE30/KE55), 2-door sedan (KE30), 2-door hardtop coupe (KE35/KE55), 2-door panel van (KE36/KE38), 4-door wagon (KE36/KE38) and a 2-door liftback (KE50/KE55). All KE3x models had 3K engines and K40 4-speed manual, K50 5 speed manual, 2-speed automatic or 3-speed automatic gearbox. Sprinters were not available. The KE5x models 4K engines. The KE55 was 50 kg heavier due to the addition of side impact protection in the doors, but due to a change in the body metal and seam sealing they are prone to rust. Later KE55s also used plastic ended bumper bars as opposed to the all chrome bumpers of the previous models, but included a rear sway bar for the first time.
A major restyle in March 1979[6] brought a square edged design. The Corollas had a simpler treatment of the grill, headlights and tail lights while the Sprinter used a slightly more complex, sculptured treatment. The new A series engines were added to the range as a running change. This was the last model to use the K "hicam" and T series engines. Fuel injection was introduced as an extra cost option on Japanese market vehicles.
The wagon and van continued to be made until June 1987 after the rest of the range was replaced by the E80 generation.
A sloping frontbonnet and a contemporary sharp-edged, no-frills style was brought in during May 1983. The new 1839 cc 1C diesel engine was added to the range with the E80 Series.[6] From 1985, re-badged E80 Sprinters were sold in the U.S. as the fifth-generationChevrolet Nova. Fuel injection was introduced as an extra cost option internationally.
Most models now used thefront-wheel drive layout except theAE85 andAE86, which were to be the last Corollas offered in therear-wheel drive or FR layout. The AE85 andAE86 chassis codes were also used for theSprinter (including the Sprinter Trueno). The Sprinter was nearly identical to the Corolla, differing only by minor body styling changes such aspop-up headlights.
This generation was made until 1990 inVenezuela.[9]
A somewhat more rounded and aerodynamic style was used for the E90 introduced in May 1987.[6] Overall this generation has a more refined feel than older Corollas and other older subcompacts. Most models were nowfront-wheel drive, along with a fewAWDAll-Trac models. Many engines were used on a wide array of trim levels and models, ranging from the 1.3-liter2E to the 123 kilowatts (165 hp) supercharged4A-GZE. In the US, the E90Sprinter was built and sold as both the Toyota Sprinter and theGeo Prizm. In Australia, the E90 Corolla was built and sold as both the Toyota Corolla and theHolden Nova.
In South Africa, this generation continued to be built until August 2006.[10]
In June 1991, Corollas received a redesign to be larger, heavier, and have the completely rounded, aerodynamic shape of the 1990s.[6] In the United States, the somewhat larger Corolla was now in the compact class, rather than subcompact, and the coupé was still available in some markets, known as the AE101 Corolla Levin. Carburetors were mostly retired with this generation.
Production of most models ended in 1995, with the introduction of the E110 Corolla, but the wagons and vans continued to be built until 2002.
Production of the E110 Corolla started in May 1995.[6] The design of the car was slightly altered throughout but retained a look similar to that of the E100. In 1998, for the first time, some non-Japanese Corollas received the new1ZZ-FE engine.[citation needed] The 1ZZ-FE engine had an aluminum engine block and aluminum cylinder heads, which made models powered by this motor lighter than versions powered by A series engines which had cast iron blocks with aluminium heads. The model range began to change as Toyota decided styling differences would improve sales in different markets. Starting with this generation,General Motors renamed theGeo Prizm, a rebadge of the Toyota Sprinter, as theChevrolet Prizm when theGeo brand was discontinued.
This generation was delayed in North America until mid-1997 (US 1998 model year), where it had unique front and rear styling.[citation needed] Europe andAustralasia received versions of their own as well. In Pakistan, this model was halted in November 1998, while production was closed in March 2002.
Eighth-generation sedan (Japan, Asia and South America)
Eighth-generation liftback (Europe and Australasia)
In August 2000, the E120 ninth-generation Corolla was introduced in Japan,[6] with edgier styling and more technology to bring the nameplate into the 21st century. This version was sold in Japan,Australasia, Europe and the Middle East.
In mid-2001, the E120Corolla Altis was released. It had a refreshed look and was slightly longer and wider than the E120 for other markets, but with similar body panels and interior. The Altis was sold in Southeast Asia, India, and Taiwan. India received a de-tuned version of the 1ZZ-FE and was comparatively slower than its rivals.
The North American release was delayed until March 2002 (for the 2003 model year). The E130 was sold in North America from 2003 to 2008. It had similar look to the Corolla Altis sold in Southeast Asia. The E120 continued in parallel in separate markets to the E130.
The station wagon model is called theCorolla Fielder in Japan. Production in Japan ended in January 2007 (for Corolla Runx and Allex),[11] but production in North America continued until October 2007.[citation needed]
Production continued in China as theCorolla EX until February 2017.
Ninth-generation sedan (Japan, Europe and Australasia)
Ninth-generation hatchback (Japan, Europe and Australasia)
The tenth generation of the E140 Corolla was introduced in October 2006.[6] Japanese markets called the sedanCorolla Axio. The station wagon retained theCorolla Fielder name.
For international markets, a wider version of the E140 was sold with different styling, with the Southeast Asian, Pakistani, Indian and Taiwanese markets retaining theCorolla Altis branding. Production continued from June 2014 until 2020 in South Africa as the entry-levelCorolla Quest.
In Australasia, the related first-generationToyota Auris was also sold as the Corolla hatchback alongside the sedan body shape of the International E140 Corolla.
The eleventh generation of the Corolla went on sale in Japan in May 2012.[6][12] The sedan is named theCorolla Axio while the wagon is called theCorolla Fielder. In Japan, both are made by a Toyota subsidiary,Central Motors, inMiyagi Prefecture, Japan.[13] The redesigned model has slightly smaller exterior dimensions and is easier to drive in narrow alleys and parking lots for the targeted elderly drivers.[14]
The new Corolla Axio is available with either a 1.3-liter1NR-FE or 1.5-liter1NZ-FE four-cylinder engines; front- or all-wheel drive. Both 5-speed manual and CVT transmissions are offered. The 1.3-liter engine and all-wheel-drive variants are available only with the CVT transmission.[15] The Corolla Fielder is available with 1.5-liter1NZ-FE or 1.8-liter2ZR-FAE four cylinder engines mated with a CVT transmission. The 1.5-liter is available with front- and all-wheel drive, the 1.8-liter is offered only in front-wheel drive.[16] Since 2015 there's a new engine 2NR-FKE, with its VVT-ie technology.
Toyota releasedhybrid versions of the Corolla Axio sedan and Corolla Fielder station wagon for the Japanese market in August 2013. Both cars are equipped with a 1.5-liter hybrid system similar to the one used in theToyota Prius C, with afuel efficiency of 3.03 L/100 km (93.2 mpg‑imp; 77.6 mpg‑US) under theJC08 test cycle. Toyota's monthly sales target for Japan was 1,000 units of the Corolla Axio hybrid and 1,500 units of the Corolla Fielder hybrid.[17]
The E160 was also sold in Hong Kong, Macau, and New Zealand.
International markets continued on with the E140/E150 until at least 2013 when the E170/E180 model arrived. The E170/E180 is larger and substantially different from the Japanese E160, with a unique body and interior. Two basic front and rear styling treatments are fitted to the E170: a North American version that debuted first and a more conservative design for other markets that debuted later in 2013. The latter version sold in Southeast Asian, Pakistani, Indian and Taiwanese markets retained theCorolla Altis branding. The Corolla E180 went on sale in Europe and South Africa in February 2014.
In Australasia, the European market second-generationToyota Auris was also sold badged as the Corolla hatchback, alongside the international E170 Corolla.
In 2015, for the 2016 model year,Toyota’s North American Sub-brand,Scion, introduced theScion iM, based on the second generationToyota Auris. In 2016, for the 2017 model year, the iM was rebranded as theToyota Corolla iM when the Scion brand was discontinued.[18][19]
The twelfth generation Corolla in hatchback body style was unveiled as a pre-production model in early March 2018 at theGeneva Motor Show as theAuris.[20] The production version of the Corolla Hatchback for the North American market was unveiled on 28 March 2018 at theNew York International Auto Show, with the official details and photos revealed on 22 March 2018. The Corolla Hatchback was launched in Japan on 27 June 2018 as theCorolla Sport. The Corolla Hatchback went on sale in the United States in mid-July 2018, and was later launched in Australia on 7 August 2018. Production of the European market Corolla Hatchback began on 14 January 2019, and sales began in the UK in February 2019 and across Europe in March 2019.[21]
A high-performance variant of the Corolla hatchback, called theGR Corolla, debuted in March 2022.
The estate variation of the twelfth generation Corolla, called theCorolla Touring Sports (simply calledCorolla Touring in Japan), was unveiled at the2018 Paris Motor Show.[22][23] The official images of the Corolla Touring Sports were revealed on 4 September 2018.
The Corolla Touring Sports is also sold bySuzuki as theSwace in Europe.[24]
The sedan variation of the Corolla was unveiled simultaneously between 15 and 16 November 2018 inCarmel-by-the-Sea, California, United States, and in China at the 2018Guangzhou International Motor Show. The model is sold in two versions:Prestige (sold in China, Europe and other countries) andSporty (sold in North America, Japan, Australia and other countries), and sold in China as theLevin. The Prestige model uses a different front fascia, which is more similar to theXV70 Camry. This model is sold as theCorolla Altis in Taiwan and Southeast Asia.[25][26] The Sporty model uses a similar front fascia to the hatchback and wagon versions.[27][28][29][30][31] A long-wheelbase version of the Prestige model with a slightly altered front fascia is sold as theAllion in China, while the long-wheelbase Sporty version is called theLevin GT.[32]
In Japan, the Corolla has always been exclusive to the Japanese retail sales chain calledToyota Corolla Store, which was previously established in 1961, known asToyota Publica Store, selling thePublica. Arebadged version called theSprinter was introduced around the same time as the Corolla in Japan, and sold through a different Toyota Japan dealership sales channel known since 1966 asToyota Auto Store.
There have been several models over the years, including theCorolla Ceres (and similar Sprinter Marino) hardtop,Corolla Levin andSprinter Trueno sports coupés and hatchbacks, and the Corolla FX hatchback, which became the Corolla RunX, while the Sprinter became theAllex, with the introduction of the E120 series Corolla. The RunX and Allex was replaced by theAuris in 2006 (known only as Corolla in markets outside Japan, Europe and South Africa). A luxury version of the Auris installed withV6 engines was briefly sold at Japanese Toyota dealershipsToyota Store andToyopet Store locations as theBlade, which was sold until 2012.
Acompact MPV named theCorolla Verso has also been released in European markets. Its Japanese counterpart is theCorolla Spacio, which has been discontinued as of the tenth generation. TheCorolla Rumion is also sold in the US market as theScion xB.
TheCorolla Matrix, better known just as the Matrix, shares the E120 and E140 platforms, and is considered the hatchback/sport wagon counterpart of the North American Corolla sedan, as the European/Australasian Corolla hatchback is not sold there. Toyota frequently combines the sales figures of the Corolla sedan and Matrix. ThePontiac Vibe, which is theGeneral Motors badged version of the Matrix, shares the Corolla platform. The Vibe was exported from Fremont, California, to the Japanese market where it was sold as theToyota Voltz.[170]
Over many years, there have beenrebadged versions of the Corolla, sold byGeneral Motors, including theHolden Nova in Australia during the early 1990s, and the Sprinter-basedChevrolet Nova,Chevrolet Prizm, andGeo Prizm (in the United States as part of theGM S platform). The Corolla liftback (TE72) ofToyota Australia was badged as simply theT-18. The five-door liftback was sold with the Corolla Seca name in Australia and the nameplate survived on successive five-door models.
TheTercel was a front wheel drive car, first introduced in 1980 at Japanese Toyota dealerships calledToyota Corolla Store, and was called the Corolla Tercel then, and later given its own name in 1984. The Tercel platform was also used for theCorolla II hatchback in Japan.
^Mondale, Walter; Weston, Mark (2002).Giants of Japan: The Lives of Japan's Most Influential Men and Women. New York City: Kodansha America. p. 63.ISBN1-56836-324-9.Archived from the original on 9 June 2021. Retrieved26 September 2016.Since then many Toyota models have taken up the 'Crown' theme. 'Corona,' for example, is Latin for crown. 'Corolla' is Latin for small crown.
^abcdefMcElroy, James R. (September 1979).Automotive Trade Statistics 1964–78(PDF) (Report). United States International Trade Commission. p. 15.Archived(PDF) from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved4 March 2021.
^abWard's Automotive Yearbook. Vol. 43. USA: Ward's Reports, Inc. 1981.
^Estrada, Daniel (3 December 2015)."2015 es el mejor año para Toyota en México" [2015 is the best year for Toyota Mexico].Paréntesis (in Spanish). Mexico.Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved18 January 2020.
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