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| Toyota Auto Body | |
Native name | トヨタ車体株式会社 |
Romanized name | Toyota Shatai Kabushiki-gaisha |
| Formerly | Toyota Auto Body Industries Co., Ltd. |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Predecessor | Toyota's Kariya Plant auto body division |
| Founded | 31 August 1945; 79 years ago (1945-08-31) |
| Headquarters | , Japan |
Key people | Katsuhiro Matsuo (President) |
| Products | Cars,auto parts |
Production output | About 619,000 vehicles (2019) |
| Revenue |  ¥1,991.69 billion (FY2022) |
| ¥72.72 billion (FY2022) | |
| ¥55.11 billion (FY2022) | |
| Total assets |  ¥551.92 billion (FY2022) |
| Total equity | ¥195.70 billion (FY2022) |
Number of employees | 19,206 (March 2021, consolidated) |
| Parent | Toyota Motor Corporation |
| Subsidiaries |
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| Website | www.toyota-body.co.jp |
| Footnotes / references Fiscal Year 2022 (FY2022) in this article is from 1 April 2022 to 31 March 2023. References:[1][2][3][4] | |
Toyota Auto Body (Japanese:トヨタ車体) is a manufacturing subsidiary of theToyota group based in Japan. It is headquartered inKariya, Aichi and was established in 1945. The company has plants in theMie andAichi prefectures and other facilities around Japan and abroad.
The company was formed through acorporate spin-off from Toyota. In its early years, it produced auto bodies. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, it centred ontruck production, before slowly switching focus to light vehicles (mostly vans) from the late 1960s onwards. In the 2000s, it absorbed the vehicle manufacturing operations of sister companies Araco and Gifu Auto Body.
As part of Toyota, Toyota Auto Body develops and produces a range ofminivans,SUVs,light commercial vehicles and auto parts.
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Toyota Auto Body was established on 31 August 1945 as acorporate spin-off ofToyota Motor Industry's Kariya plant[5][6] with the nameToyota Auto Body Industries (トヨタ車体工業,Toyota Shatai Kōgyō).[6][7] At first, it produced auto bodies for Toyota. In 1951, the company became the first Japanese manufacturer in producing a truck body made completely of steel.[5] In 1953, the company adopted its present name.[7][8] In January 1957, it opened an assembly facility in Kariya for mass-producing trucks.[9] In November 1959, it created a vehicle conversion subsidiary, Kariya Painting (later renamed Tokai Utility Motor).[10][11]
In the early 1960s, Toyota gave clear functions to some of its thenitaku (subcontracting) companies: Toyota Auto Body was centred on producing trucks;Kanto Auto Works passenger vans and pickups; Arakawa Auto BodyLand Cruisers and special vehicles.[12] In 1960, Toyota Auto Body produced 74,000 trucks (including large trucks, theStout, theToyoAce), an 87% of Toyota's overall truck production and a 48% of its total vehicle production. In 1964, truck production from Toyota Auto Body (large trucks, the Stout, the ToyoAce, theDyna) rose to 116,000 trucks, comprising 90% of Toyota's truck production and 27% of all vehicles.[12]
In January 1964, Toyota Auto Body opened a second assembly facility in Kariya, the Fujimatsu plant,[13] which produced the first Japanesehard-top car during the 1960s,[5][14] theCorona Hard-top.[5] The company also became the firstitaku in assembling mass-produced passenger cars. The production percentage of passenger cars and other light vehicles would increase for the company during the following years.[15] In the late 1960s, Toyota Auto Body led the development of a small van with aone-box design, similar to European ones at the time, but, according to former Toyota senior employee Akira Kawahara, something yet unseen in the Japanese industry.[16] In 1967, Toyota Auto Body began producing the van, named asHiAce. It became the most produced model from the company with more than 6 million units as of April 2017[update].[17] Toyota Auto Body would continue developing and producingone-box design vans.[18] In 1970, Toyota Auto Body production was 149,000 passenger cars and 142,000commercial vehicles (trucks and buses),[15] although the actual percentage declined to 17.6% of Toyota's total vehicle production.[19]
In the 1970s, Toyota Auto Body was one of the first companies in usingquality function deployment (QFD), paralleling the initial developments fromYoji Akao atMitsubishi Heavy Industries. The rest of the Toyota group adopted the method in 1979. The improvements of Toyota Auto Body on QFD influencedFord into adopting it.[20]
In 1992, the company established Toyota Body Seiko, an auto parts subsidiary, and began investments to increase the production ofone-box vehicles, as the rest of its passenger car business was in decline.[21] In December 1993, Toyota Auto Body opened the van-focused Inabe plant.[22] By the mid-1990s, Toyota Auto Body ventured into the production of high-endone-box passenger vans derived from the HiAce. In 1995, it started producing theGranvia, a HiAce-based semi-bonneted van made to comply with European safety regulations. From the Granvia the company developed theAlphard which was launched in 2002.[23] In 2008, it introduced an Alphard twin vehicle, theVellfire.[24]
In May 2001, Toyota announced it would consolidate all production ofone-box Toyota-badged cars intended for the Japanese market into Toyota Auto Body by moving the assembly of theLiteAce/TownAce Noah and its successor (Noah) fromDaihatsu.[25] In 2004, Toyota Auto Body incorporated the auto body and vehicle production businesses from Araco.[7] In 2005, the Kariya plant was repurposed for converting vehicles instead of producing trucks.[26] In thefiscal year ended March 2007, Toyota Auto Body achieved its largest production volume, with about 745,000 vehicles produced during the period.[27] In 2007, Gifu Auto Body became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body.[5][28]
In November 2018, Toyota announced it would transfer all van development to Toyota Auto Body.[29] In 2019, Toyota Auto Body announced it would produce the first Lexus-badged passenger van[23] at its Inabe plant,[30] theLexus LM, abadge engineered Alphard, the second Lexus product coming from the company after the Land Cruiser-basedLexus LX[23] (the latter a legacy product from Araco).[31]
In December 2022, Toyota Auto Body signed an agreement by which it planned to sell shares of Toyota Body Seiko toToyota Boshoku, a minority shareholder, by October 2023, increasing the latter's ownership to a 66.4% controlling stake.[32] After the transaction was completed, Toyota Body Seiko became a subsidiary of Toyota Boshoku instead of Toyota Auto Body and changed its name to Toyota Boshoku Seiko.[33] Toyota Boshoku may turn Toyota Boshoku Seiko into a wholly owned subsidiary at a later date.[32]
In the early 2020s, the company opened specialty stores for customising and selling accessories of its produced vehicles. In January 2023, it pre-opened a Land Cruiser customisation and services store in Kariya, operated by Tokai Utility Motor, and calledLand Cruiser Base (ランクルBase)[note 1] to be fully operational by mid-2023.[34] In June 2023, it opened another for its commercial vehicle range inFukagawa, Tokyo (within the Toyota Mobility Tokyo store), which is calledCargo Base.[35]
In April 2024, Toyota Auto Body fully resumed production after several of its assembly lines were halted for over a month as a result of an investigation intoToyota Industries-supplied diesel engines.[36]
Toyota Auto Body was apublic company until late 2011, when Toyota made it a wholly owned subsidiary and delisted its shares.[37][38]
Toyota Auto Body assembly plants are Fujimatsu (Ichiriyama,Kariya, Aichi),[39] Inabe (Inabe, Mie),[40] Yoshiwara (Yoshiwara,Toyota, Aichi),[41] Kariya (Showa, Kariya, Aichi).[39] There is a development centre in Toyota, Aichi (Kotobuki New Development Centre). The head offices are in Kariya, Aichi. Additional offices are located inTokyo andOsaka.[42]
The Fujimatsu plant covers a 436,700 square metres (m2) area[39] and was established in January 1964.[13] The present Kariya plant, covering 99,100 m2,[39] was established in 1957.[9] Both plant produce vehicles, but Fujimatsu is mostly focused on minivans and Kariya onelectric vehicles. As of March 2017[update], the plants had a combined workforce of 3,139 (281 of them working at the Kariya plant).[39] The Inabe plant is the main minivan production hub of Toyota Auto Body. It covers 800,500 m2[40] and was established in December 1993.[22] As of March 2017[update], it had 2,266 employees.[40] The Yoshiwara plant producesbody-on-frame vehicles. It covers 196,200 m2 and was established in 1962. As of March 2017[update], it had 2,337 employees.[41] By the 1999 fiscal year, all Toyota Auto Body plants got theISO 14001 certification. The company's plants use theToyota Production System.[43]
Toyota Auto Body's Gifu Auto Body headquarters and facilities are in Unuma Mitsuike,Kakamigahara, Gifu. Its facilities cover 163,000 m2. As of March 2019[update], the company had 2,565 employees.[44]
Toyota Auto Body Research and Development (トヨタ車体研究所,Toyota Shatai Kenkyūjo) is Toyota Auto Body wholly ownedresearch and development subsidiary. It is headquartered inKirishima, Kagoshima and was established in 1990.[7] Toyota Auto Body made design and development work for Toyota from the early 1960s, and, together with Toyota and sisteritaku companies, formed part of ATODE (All TOyota DEsign), a group formed in December 1960 aimed at securing a consistent styling for Toyota-badged vehicles. The Toyota Auto Body's design branch became an autonomous part of the company in 1978.[45] The present Toyota Auto Body Research and Development subsidiary has a 5,719 m2 building and 403 employees.[46]
Tokai Utility Motor has facilities inAnjō, Kariya, and Inabe.[47]
Toyota Auto Body has subsidiaries in Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, China and the United States.[48]
Most Toyota Auto Body's affiliates outside Japan arejoint ventures. TheTaoyuan-based[49] Taiwanese affiliate is called Chun Shyang Shin Yeh (Industry) (Chinese:春翔欣業;pinyin:Chūn Xiáng Xīn Yè)[50] and was established in 1997. It is a joint venture between Toyota Auto Body andChun Yuan Steel, a Taiwanesesteel manufacturer. The joint venture produces pressed parts, vehicle doors and suspension components for Toyota cars.[51] Toyota Auto Body owns a 51% stake.[50] In Thailand, Toyota Auto Body's first Thai operations began in February 1978, producing stamped parts forHilux pickups.[52] Toyota Auto Body Thailand officially started activities in 1979,[53] as a stamped auto parts producer.[54] In 1988, it formed a joint venture withToyota Motor Thailand[55] called Toyota (formerly Thai)[56] Auto Works. The venture is focused on producing the HiAce. Toyota Auto Body owns a 63% stake.[55] Both Thai ventures have plants inSamutprakan: the Samrong plant (Toyota Auto Body Thailand) and the Teparak plant (Toyota Auto Works).[57] In 2004, Toyota Auto Body established a joint venture called Thai Auto Conversion aimed at producing specially equipped vehicles.[48]
Toyota Auto Body also has various joint ventures in Indonesia. In 1995,[58] it established, along with other Toyota subsidiaries, Sugity Creatives, an Indonesian joint venture[59] headquartered inCikarang Bekasi[60] and aimed at producingresin components for cars.[59] From late 2012 to 2016 it produced vehicles,[61] including the Noah[58] (rebadged as NAV1).[61] Toyota Auto Body owns an 88.52% of the venture.[59] Toyota Auto Body also has stakes in the joint ventures Toyota Auto Body-Tokai Extrusion and Resin Plating Technology, both producing auto parts.[48] As for China, Toyota Auto Body has a 65%-owned Chinese joint venture, Tab Minth Mobility Equipment, to "sell assistive components".[48]
The rest of the Toyota Auto Body's overseas affiliates are wholly owned subsidiaries. These are the Malaysian auto parts producer Toyota Auto Body Malaysia (established in 2005)[62] and the American Auto Parts Manufacturing Mississippi (established in 2011).[48]
As of 2022[update] vehicles assembled by Toyota Auto Body include: the Alphard, the Vellfire, theVoxy, the Noah, the Land Cruiser, the HiAce, theRegiusAce, theGranAce, theCoaster, theelectric vehicleCOMS, the Lexus LX and LM.[63][64][65]
| Toyota Auto Body production by plant as of early 2022 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant | Products | ||||
| Fujimatsu (Honsha) plant | Voxy, Noah, Alphard, Land Cruiser 70 | ||||
| Kariya plant | COMS, vehicle conversion | ||||
| Inabe plant | HiAce, GranAce, RegiusAce, Alphard, Vellfire, Lexus LM | ||||
| Yoshiwara plant | Land Cruiser 300, Land Cruiser 70, Lexus LX (J310) | ||||
| Kakamigahara (Honsha) plant | HiAce, Coaster, vehicle conversion | ||||
| Notes | |||||
| Plants with blue background are directly controlled by Toyota Auto Body, plants with light blue background are directly controlled by Toyota Auto Body and formerly belonged to Araco, plants with light red background are indirectly controlled by Toyota Auto Body through its subsidiary Gifu Auto Body | |||||
| Sources | |||||
| [26][40][30][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] | |||||
Araco Corporation (アラコ株式会社,Arako Kabushiki-gaisha) was one of the first manufacturing subsidiaries of Toyota. It was established in 1946[7] (incorporated July 1947)[74] atNagoya[75] by a formerToyota Industries sheet metal worker named Gihee Arakawa asArakawa Sheet Metal Industries (荒川鈑金工業,Arakawa Bankin Kōgyō).[7] The company firstly made sheet metal work for Toyota, soon adding vehicle interior parts (including seats) and auto bodies.[76] In 1953, it started assembling theToyota BJ,[77][78] and later the successive Land Cruisers.[76][79] The Arakawa-assembled Land Cruiser was the main export product from Toyota in the late 1950s and early 1960s (28% of all vehicle exports in the period 1956–1964).[74] In 1960, it entered into production the RK160B (Coaster).[77] The company opened two new plants around Toyota City during the 1960s: Kotobuki (1960) and Yoshiwara (1962).[13] It was renamed asArakawa Auto Body Industries (荒川車体工業,Arakawa Shatai Kōgyō) in 1961, before adopting theAraco name in 1988.[7] In 1995, the company began assemblingLexus vehicles.[31][77] In 2004, Araco activities were split and the auto body and vehicle production operations became part of Toyota Auto Body. The vehicle interior business was merged into Toyota Boshoku.[7][9]
A different Toyota subsidiary established in 1974 asKyoei Sangyo (協栄産業,Kyōei Sangyō) was renamed asKyoei Araco in 2004 and asAraco in 2015. This Araco specialises on seats for Lexus vehicles.[80]
Gifu Auto Body Co. Ltd. (岐阜車体工業株式会社,Gifu Shatai Kōgyō Kabushiki-gaisha)[81] is a Gifu-based vehicle manufacturer.[28] It was established in 1940 as a truck body manufacturer. In 1959, after receiving a big order of military vehicles from Toyota, it associated itself with the latter,[82] producing bodies for light trucks[82][83] such as the Dyna and the Stout.[84] In the 1960s, Gifu Auto Body hand-built the Land Cruiser FJ45V, a long wheelbase variant of thethird-generation Land Cruiser.[85] Up until 1967, the company's production was focused on the Land Cruiser model and light trucks. That year, Toyota consolidated all Land Cruiser assembly in Japan into Arakawa Auto Body Industries. From 1967 onwards, the main focus of Gifu Auto Body became the production of light trucks and the HiAce until Toyota transferred truck production toHino Motors in 1998.[86] In January 1996, Toyota launched a civilian version of the BXD10 military vehicle called BXD20 (Mega Cruiser), and it was assembled by Gifu Auto Body. Production ended in August 2001.[87][88]
By 2007, Gifu Auto Body was producing the HiAce and auto parts (pressed parts and truck seats).[28] That year, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Auto Body[5][28] throughstock swap.[28] In July 2015, Gifu Auto Body transferred its auto parts business to Toyota Body Seiko in order to focus on commercial vehicle assembly.[89] In December 2016, Toyota Auto Body moved production of the Coaster from its Yoshiwara plant to Gifu Auto Body.[71]
An Araco team entered Land Cruisers into theRally Dakar from 1995 onwards. In 2005, the team was renamed asTeam Land Cruiser · Toyota Auto Body (TLC).[90] As of 2024[update], it has achieved eleven consecutive victories in the diesel production car class.[91] The company entered a HiAce into the 2023 Toyota Gazoo Racing Rally Challenge. The HiAce rally version was built on aGDH201V chassis modified by Cast (a HiAce tuning division of the Sanko Works company) and it was run by Toyota Auto Body's own team,Toyota Auto Body Team Hiace. Cast had already entered a couple of HiAces into the 2021 All-Japan Rally Championship.[92]
Toyota Auto Body has two company teams participating in Japanese national sports championships: thevolleyball teamToyota Auto Body Queenseis and thehandball team Toyota Auto Body Brave Kings.[93]
As of 2024[update], Gifu Auto Body is sponsor ofFC Gifu.[94]
Toyota's subcontracting subsidiaries for vehicle assembly in Japan | ||
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