Toyohashi (豊橋市,Toyohashi-shi) is acity inAichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 December 2019[update], the city had an estimated population of 377,453 in 160,516 households[1] and a population density of 1,400 persons per km2. The total area of the city was 261.86 square kilometres (101.10 sq mi). By area, Toyohashi was Aichi Prefecture's second-largest city until March 31, 2005, when it was surpassed by the city ofToyota, which had merged with six peripheral municipalities.
Toyohashi is located in southeastern Aichi Prefecture, and is the capital of the informal "Higashi-Mikawa Region" of the prefecture. It is bordered byShizuoka Prefecture to the east, and byMikawa Bay and the headlands of theAtsumi Peninsula to the west. To the south is theEnshū Sea of thePacific Ocean. The presence of the warmKuroshio Current offshore gives the city a temperate climate. The Katahama Jusan-ri Beach (片浜十三里) stretching in adjacent city of Tahara to the west, Toyohashi, and the city of Hamamatsu to the east is asea turtle nesting spot.
The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (Köppen climate classificationCfa). The average annual temperature in Toyohashi is 16.3 °C (61.3 °F). The average annual rainfall is 1,651.3 mm (65.01 in) with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 27.5 °C (81.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 5.4 °C (41.7 °F).[2]
Climate data for Toyohashi (2006−2020 normals, extremes 2005−present)
The area around present-day Toyohashi has been inhabited for many thousands of years.Archaeologists have found human remains from theJapanese Paleolithic period, which have beencarbon dated to more than 10,000 BC along with the bones ofNaumann elephants.
Numerous remains from theJōmon period, and especially from theYayoi andKofun periods have also been found, including manykofun burial mounds.
During theNara period, the area was assigned toAtsumi,Hoi andYana Districts ofMikawa Province and prospered during subsequent periods as apost town on an important river crossing of theTōkaidō connecting the capital with the eastern provinces.
With the establishment of the modern municipalities system under theMeiji government in 1879, Toyohashi Town was created within Atsumi District,Aichi Prefecture. Toyohashi Zoo was established in 1899.The town achieved city status in 1906.
In 1932, Toyohashi expanded its borders by annexing Shimoji Town (Hoi District), Takashi Village, Muroyoshida Village (Atsumi District), and Shimokawa Village (Yana District).Toyohashi suffered considerable damage during the1944 Tōnankai earthquake, and even more damage during theToyohashi Air Raid, which destroyed more than 60% of the city in June 1945.
In 1955, Toyohashi's geographic extent was expanded again with the annexation of neighboring Maeshiba Village (Hoi District), Futagawa Village, Takatoyo Village, Oitsu Village (Atsumi District) and Ishimaki Village (Yana District). Toyohashi achievedcore city status in 1999 with increased autonomy from the prefectural government.
Industrial production is centered around the production of automotive-related components forToyota,Mitsubishi,Suzuki Motors, andHonda, all of whom have factories in the region.
Mikawa Port is a major port forworldwide trade, and its presence has made Toyohashi the largest import and export hub in Japan for automobiles, in volume terms. Compared to other ports around the world, Mikawa is roughly on a par with the German port ofBremerhaven.[8]
Toyohashi has 52 public elementary schools and 22 public middle schools operated by the city government, and eight public high schools operated by the Aichi Prefectural Board of Education. The city also has one private middle school and three private high schools. The prefecture also operated three special education schools for the handicapped.
Toyohashi has many parks, including the Natural History Museum and Zoological Park, the Imou swamp, Mikawa Seaside Forest, Kamo Iris Garden, and the MukaiyamaUme Garden. It also has what is considered one of the bestsurfing beaches in Aichi and the surrounding region.[11]
Toyohashi Festival, Spring Festival, Iris Flower Festival, Gion Festival, Demon Festival (February), and traditional marionette performances (Akumi joruri). At some of these festivals, especially the summer festivals, the use of traditionally handcraftedfireworks is showcased, and include hand-held bamboo-tube fireworks known astezutsu hanabi.
Chikuwa (a type of baked sausage roll made from fish), Gohei rice cake (五平餅,Gohei-mochi), beach fermentedsoybeans, food boiled ingoby fish and soy, top producer of quail eggs in Japan, Toyohashi calligraphy brush (豊橋筆,Toyohashi-fude).
^ab"International Exchange".List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures. Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR). Retrieved21 November 2015.
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