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Town privileges

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Aspect of city law in medieval Europe

"City rights" redirects here. For the document, seemunicipal charter.

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Medieval square inSpišská Sobota,Slovakia (now inPoprad). The former name of the town literally means "Saturday inSpiš" and it is derived from a day of week in which the town was granted a right to organize a market.

Town privileges orborough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium.^[1]^[2] The city law customary inCentral Europe probably dates back toItalian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditions of theself-administration ofRoman cities.

Judicially, aborough (orburgh) was distinguished from the countryside by means of acharter from the rulingmonarch that defined itsprivileges andlaws.^[2]^[3]^[4] Common privileges involvedtrade (marketplace, the storing of goods, etc.) and the establishment ofguilds. Some of these privileges were permanent and could imply that the town obtained the right to be called aborough, hence the term "borough rights" (German:Stadtrecht;Dutch:stadsrechten). Some degree ofself-government, representation bydiet, andtax-relief could also be granted.^[1]^[2] Multiple tiers existed; for example, inSweden, the basic royal charter establishing a borough enabled trade, but not foreign trade, which required a higher-tier charter grantingstaple right.

References

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^^a ^bBlockmans, Wim; Hoppenbrouwers, Peter (3 February 2014). "Towns and the Urbanisation of Medieval Society".Introduction to Medieval Europe 300–1500.Routledge. pp. 305–312.ISBN 978-1-317-93425-7.
^^a ^b ^cWhittock, Martyn (7 February 2013).A Brief History of Life in the Middle Ages.Little, Brown Book Group.ISBN 978-1-4721-0766-4.
^Dymond, Dorothy (6 November 2023) [Initially published in 1929].An Introduction to Medieval History.Taylor & Francis.ISBN 978-1-003-82466-4.
^Heibaut, Dirk; Heikki, Pihlajamäki (28 December 2023). "High and Late Middle Ages (1100-1500)".A Companion to Western Legal Traditions: From Antiquity to the Twentieth Century.Brill. pp. 205–206.ISBN 978-90-04-68725-7.