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Tourism in Singapore

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The historicRaffles Hotel is anational monument
Built in 1930, the bandstand in theSingapore Botanic Gardens is one of its most recognisable structures.[1]

Tourism inSingapore is a major industry and contributor to the Singaporean economy. In 2019, 19,114,002 tourists visited the country, which was the highest recorded number of arrivals since independence in 1965.[2] As of 2025, there were a total of 16,912,283 international tourists that have visited Singapore, which was almost thrice the country's total population.[3]

The country is marketed as a "City In Nature" destination by the Singapore Tourism Board under its 'Made in Singapore' campaign in 2023, withsustainable tourism as part of the campaign efforts.[4] It also claims to beenvironmentally friendly, and maintains natural and heritage conservation programs. Along with this, it also has one ofthe world's lowest crime rates. AsEnglish is the dominant one of its fourofficial languages, it is generally easier for tourists to understand when speaking to the local population of the country, for example, whenshopping.Transport in Singapore exhaustively covers most, if not all public venues in Singapore, which increases convenience for tourists. This includes the well-knownMass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. Singapore is the 5th most visited city in the world, and 2nd inAsia-Pacific.[5]

TheTravel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 ranks Singapore 13th out of 136 countries overall, which was the third best in Asia only behindJapan (ranked 4th) andHong Kong (ranked 11th). The report ranks Singapore's business environment, international openness, also travel and tourism policy and enabling conditions as the best in the world (ranked 1st). However, the island nation scored rather low in natural and cultural resources sub-index (ranked 40th).[6][7]

History

[edit]
See also:Singapore Tourism Board

In January 1964, the Singapore Tourism Board (then known asSingapore Tourist Promotion Board), was set up to market Singapore, then astate of Malaysia, as a destination for tourists, to develop and to regulate the tourism industry.[8][9][10] TheGovernment of Singapore had aimed to create more jobs, income and to facilitate trade within Singapore, through the development of the tourism industry.[11] Throughout the 1960s to 70s, the tourism board ran multiple advertising campaigns aimed at drawing visitors from different countries and published monthly newsletters to promote multiple attractions in Singapore.[12][13] TheMerlion was also created as the Singapore Tourism Board's logo in 1964 and was used in promotional materials.[14] The Merlion eventually became a well-known Singaporean icon and in 1972, a Merlion statue was erected in theMerlion Park.[15] In 1977, there was a record of 1.5 million visitors to the country and tourist receipts were estimated to be S$628 million as compared to 522,000 visitors and S$269 million in tourist expenditure in 1970.[16]

Throughout the 1980s to 1990s, the tourism board aimed to market theculture of Singapore to visitors through the renewal of infrastructure in historical areas such asChinatown and development of new venues for hosting concerts and conventions.[17][18] In 2005, the government of Singapore announced the development of 2integrated resorts inMarina South andSentosa.[19] Plans to developGardens by the Bay were also announced in that same year.[20] The resorts were part of plans to boost the tourism industry which had been facing intense competition from other destinations around the region, particularly from nearbyBangkok andHong Kong, which has since also considered legalisation of casinos in the wake of initiatives in Singapore.[21]Marina Bay Sands was officially opened on 23 June 2010,[22] while Gardens by the Bay opened on June 29, 2012[23] andResorts World Sentosa was officially opened on December 7, 2012.[24]

Tourism statistics

[edit]

Visitor arrivals to Singapore has been increasing since the country's independence in 1965.[3] As compared to a total of 99,000 visitors recorded in 1965, Singapore attracted a record-high of approximately 19.1 million visitors in 2019 with receipts at S$27.7 billion, according to preliminary figures by theSingapore Tourism Board.[2][25] The total number of visitors increased by 3.3% from 2018, with increased in arrivals in visitors from China, Indonesia and Australia, while visitors from India and Malaysia dropped 2% and 3% respectively.[2] Tourism receipts increased 2.8% from 2018, with most visitors spending in the sightseeing, entertainment and gaming (S$1,593 million), shopping (S$1,457 million), accommodation (S$1,439 million) and food & beverage (S$649 million) categories.[2]

In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, visitor statistics in Singapore fell 85.7% and tourism receipts fell 82.6% (S$4.8 million) from 2019.[26] A total of 2,700,000 visitors were recorded that year, which was the first time visitor statistics fell since the decrease in arrivals in 2014.[26] Visitors coming into Singapore for short-term visits were also barred from entering and transiting from March 23, 2020, to October 19, 2021.[27]

In 2021, visitors arrivals further dipped to 330,059 visitors, which was an 88% decrease as compared to 2020.[28] In December 2021, amid the spread of the highly transmissibleCOVID-19 Omicron variant, many countries still had travel restrictions, with some governments banning travel completely to curb transmission.[29][30] Travel into Singapore for short-term visits were only resumed in September 2021 with the introduction ofvaccinated travel lanes.[31] In 2024, the country recorded a total of 16,526,344 visitors, which was an increase of 21% as compared to 2023.[3]

General trends

[edit]
YearTourism Arrivals[3] Percentage change from previous period
196599,000 
1970579,000488.1%
19751,324,000128.6%
19802,562,00092%
19853,031,00018.3%
19905,323,00075.6%
19957,137,00034.1%
20007,691,3997.8%
20058,943,02916.3%
201011,638,66330.1%
201515,231,46930.9%
20202,742,443−82%
202516,912,283517%

Recent years

[edit]
YearTourism Arrivals[3][2][26] Percentage change from previous year
201515,231,4690.9%
201616,402,5937.7%
201717,422,8266.2%
201818,506,6196.2%
201919,114,0023.3%
20202,742,443−85.7%
2021330,059−88%
20226,305,7441,810.5%
202313,610,404115.7%
202416,526,31221.5%
202516,912,2832.3%

Top markets 2000–2010

[edit]

Source: Singapore Tourism Analytics Network[28]

Country or territory20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010
Indonesia1,313,3161,364,3801,393,0201,341,7471,765,3241,813,5691,922,2171,962,0551,765,4291,745,3302,305,149
China434,336497,398670,099568,510880,259857,8141,037,2011,113,9561,078,742936,7471,171,337
Malaysia[32]564,750578,719548,659439,437537,336577,987634,303645,774647,480764,3091,036,918
Australia510,347550,681538,408392,906561,163620,255691,632768,490833,156830,299880,486
India346,360339,828375,697309,487471,244583,590658,902748,728778,303725,624828,903
Japan929,895755,766723,431434,087598,840588,535594,406594,514571,040489,987528,817
Philippines181,032190,630195,564176,585245,918319,971386,119418,775418,938432,072544,344
Hong Kong285,975276,157265,970226,260271,691313,831291,474302,110278,115294,420387,552
Thailand246,750260,958263,866235,826341,989379,040356,367353,416333,905317,905430,022
United States385,585343,805327,648250,678333,156371,440399,786408,885396,631370,704416,990
South Korea354,353359,083371,050261,403361,083364,206454,722464,292423,018271,987360,673
United Kingdom444,976460,018458,528387,982457,262467,154488,167495,693492,933469,756461,714
Vietnam31,83734,63340,65244,420105,803150,626165,105203,210239,299265,414322,853
Taiwan290,904222,087209,321144,942182,443213,959219,463208,156175,924156,761191,173
Germany169,408166,981157,510121,376142,371154,779161,125164,900175,280183,681209,231
Singapore Ducktours (part ofRATP Group)

Top markets 2011–2020

[edit]

Source: Singapore Tourism Analytics Network,[28] Singapore Tourism Board[2][26]

Country or territory2011201220132014201520162017201820192020
Indonesia2,592,2222,837,5373,088,8593,025,1782,731,6902,893,6142,954,3843,021,4293,109,000457,027
China1,577,5222,034,1772,269,8701,722,3802,106,1642,863,5823,226,9293,416,4753,627,000357,292
Australia956,0391,050,3731,125,1791,074,8781,043,5681,027,3091,081,9871,107,2151,143,000206,238
India868,991894,993933,553943,6361,013,9861,097,1861,272,0691,442,2421,418,000175,522
Malaysia1,140,9351,231,6861,280,9421,233,0351,171,0771,151,4801,168,3561,253,9921,221,000153,650
United Kingdom442,611446,497461,459451,931473,810489,205518,903588,863607,000133,336
Japan656,417757,116832,845824,741789,179783,721792,813829,664884,000125,879
United States440,576477,213491,946484,912499,509516,276565,250643,162729,000123,182
Philippines677,723656,804687,794676,481673,374691,555736,456778,135829,00097,881
Germany219,952252,433251,560263,513286,732328,762342,336356,797381,00095,563
South Korea414,879445,184471,768536,975577,082566,503631,359629,451646,00089,522
Vietnam332,231366,234380,495424,408418,266469,409531,359591,600592,00074,424
Thailand472,708477,654497,409506,509516,409546,384531,307545,601528,00063,622
Taiwan238,488282,203350,308337,431378,026394,174395,549422,935429,00061,887
Hong Kong464,375472,167539,810631,029609,888537,964465,769473,113489,00058,976

Top markets 2021–present

[edit]

Source: Singapore Tourism Analytics Network[28]

Country or territory20212022202320242025
China88,250130,8701,128,4403,082,2183,100,144
Indonesia33,4601,104,1601,872,0302,489,3422,439,829
Malaysia24,220590,960891,8901,185,1271,275,378
Australia10,050565,680884,2701,174,3721,267,428
India54,380686,470887,2601,197,1071,207,162
Philippines11,490381,990568,380779,078726,065
United States10,960318,450516,040692,466716,909
Japan5,920132,110359,050573,236627,512
United Kingdom8,550226,740384,060579,958587,356
South Korea7,130217,530488,370594,898587,010
Taiwan3,41065,050289,980403,367422,688
Thailand4,380283,430393,210364,741386,488
Germany5,410130,590249,770349,181356,380
Vietnam3,440312,710406,410393,184344,286
Hong Kong5,430129,050267,910305,842337,647
France4,21086,090142,140179,365196,657
Myanmar10,02085,290100,550134,916169,642
New Zealand59557,080115,910144,733165,080
Bangladesh17,900102,99098,730121,760156,959
Canada1,69055,020102,970126,971153,785
United Arab Emirates94042,97066,10083,630102,534
Italy1,23033,12063,71086,84399,866
Netherlands1,96051,18076,60089,29197,505
 Switzerland1,32036,29062,05083,22395,812
Spain77730,46049,64064,68577,999
Russia3889,80046,46054,89169,167
Sri Lanka1,47035,52044,26056,88068,732
Brunei1,25031,64047,58049,49556,125
Belgium35514,36428,92036,76238,152
South Africa15913,02019,91024,45535,983
Sweden54513,50021,33026,02733,360
Denmark73016,41023,59027,99231,149
Saudi Arabia1967,17018,62026,39630,935
Ireland26311,08622,74326,13428,205
Finland3559,78015,58023,21426,962
Norway42512,69020,27022,99825,508
Israel70411,94014,04016,01123,825
Pakistan19510,56014,69017,22422,590
Kuwait383,6507,4707,6857,924
Mauritius352,4104,0104,7886,240
Iran541,3704,9106,8625,857

Challenges to the tourism industry

[edit]

Tourism impact of COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021)

[edit]

In early 2020,COVID-19 pandemic has affected the numbers of foreign visitors across the country. In February 2020, Indonesia raised its travel alert for Singapore to level yellow, urgingIndonesian citizens to take extra precautions when they visit the city-state.[33] Indonesia is among the top source of foreign visitors to Singapore. It is predicted that the number of visitors could fall between 25 and 30 per cent from the 2019 figure.[25]

On September 16th 2020, Trade and Industry MinisterChan Chun Sing announced that all adult Singaporeans will get $100 tourism vouchers, accessible digitally via Singpass, to be used from December 2020 to June 2021. The $320 million SingapoRediscovers Vouchers scheme is part of the government's effort to prop up the tourism sector, which has been decimated by travel restrictions amidst COVID-19 pandemic.[34]

In April 2022 same day as theU.K.,Ireland,Finland,Malaysia and other countries, COVID-19 tourism impact in Singapore was officially ended by early April 2022 as the country moves towards theendemic phase.

Popular tourist destinations

[edit]
Further information:List of tourist attractions in Singapore
Skyline of Singapore featuringGardens by the Bay,Marina Bay Sands and theSingapore Flyer within theMarina Bay area
ION Orchard in Orchard Road
Universal Studios Singapore's globe located at the entrance of the park

Located within theMarina Bay area, theMerlion,Gardens by the Bay, theSingapore Flyer andMarina Bay Sands stand among Singapore's most iconic landmarks, prominently defining the city's skyline and serving as symbols of its modern architectural and cultural identity.[35] Other popular tourist attractions include theSingapore Zoo,River Wonders andNight Safari. Singapore'sChangi Airport also offers a range of attractions within its premises, withJewel Changi Airport standing out as the crown jewel. In 2024, Jewel welcomed a record 80 million visitors — the highest annual attendance since its opening in 2019.[36]

Situated in the southern region of Singapore,Sentosa Island remains one of the country's most popular resort destinations, boasting a number notablelandmarks. Among them isFort Siloso, a historic coastal fortification built to defend against Japanese forces duringWorld War II. Visitors can explore the fort's collection of wartime artillery, ranging from smaller-caliber guns to a 16pound (7 kg) cannon.[37]

Sentosa is also home to major attractions such asUniversal Studios Singapore andSkyline Luge Singapore, a luge where guests navigate a purpose-built track while lying supine and steering by shifting their weight or pulling on the sled's straps. As part of Singapore's broader initiative to enhance its tourism appeal, two of Sentosa's marquee attractions are undergoing significant upgrades. TheS.E.A Aquarium, which first opened in 2012, was under refurbishment and was rebranded as theSingapore Oceanarium.[38] It was re-opened to the public on July 24, 2025 after its expansion.[39] Similarly, Universal Studios Singapore recently unveiled a new attraction in February 2025 as part of its ongoing development.[40][41]

Beyond Sentosa, Singapore continues to broaden its tourism offerings in other regions. In thenorth region, theMandai Wildlife Reserve has introduced several new highlights.Bird Paradise, a sprawling aviary which is dedicated towards exposing the public to as much species and varieties of birds from around the world as possible, including a flock of one thousandflamingos, opened in May 2023, while Rainforest Wild Asia, an adventure-driven zoological park, welcomed its first visitors in March 2025.[42] Complementing these attractions is the newly launched Mandai Rainforest Resort, a rainforest-themed eco-resort that began operations in April 2025.[43]

Other popular areas includes the four-ethnic quarters of Singapore,Chinatown,Geylang Serai,Kampong Glam andLittle India[44] and alsoOrchard Road, a famous upscale shopping area, with numerous internationally renowneddepartment stores,shopping malls,restaurants, andcoffeehouses located in its vicinity.[45]

Cultural and historical landmarks

[edit]
Sri Mariamman Temple, is Singapore's oldest Hindu temple located inChinatown, Singapore

A former British colony, Singapore has various historical and cultural landmarks with British and regional influences in its architecture. Such cultural landmarks include theMasjid Sultan, one of Singapore's most important mosques which was completed in 1826. TheThian Hock Keng Temple, one of Singapore's oldest Chinese temples, which was completed in 1839 and theSri Mariamman Temple, which was built in 1827, making it the oldest Hindu temple in Singapore.[46] Other historical monuments include theKranji War Memorial,Civilian War Memorial,Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall,Yueh Hai Ching Temple,Lian Shan Shuang Lin Monastery andIstana Kampong Glam.[citation needed]

Singapore has four major museums depicting the art and history of the country and of the region. TheAsian Civilisations Museum specialises in the material history of China, Southeast Asia, South Asia and West Asia, from which the diverse ethnic groups of Singapore trace their ancestry, while thePeranakan Museum, the first of its kind in the world, exploresPeranakan cultures in Singapore and other formerStraits Settlements inMalacca and Penang, and other Peranakan communities inSoutheast Asia.[47] Singapore'sNational Museum of Singapore is the oldest museum in the country, with its history dating back to 1849, mainly showcases collections of nation-building and the history of Singapore from the 14th century in a story-telling approach,[48] while theSingapore Art Museum is a contemporary art museum focusing on art practices in Singapore, Southeast Asia and Asia. Other smaller museums includeChangi Museum, which showcases collection of paintings, photographs and personal effects donated by former POWs (Prisoners of War) during theJapanese Occupation of Singapore[49] and theMint Museum of Toys, which has a collection of 3,000 toys and childhood memorabilia from the mid-19th century to mid-20th Century.[citation needed]

City sight-seeing

[edit]

Sightseeing Bus fleet

[edit]

Historically, their fleet was made up of second-hand step-entrance double deckers in 2001–2004 for the City Sightseeing/Singapore Ducktours operation in Singapore, but new open-top buses were used beginning January 2006. Electronic destination displays (which uses Mobitec MobiLED in larger font) were added in January 2006 to replace roller-blinds in stages. As of 2023[update], Big Bus Tours has Volvo B9TL/Optare Visionaire or MCV DD103, Dennis Trident 2/East Lancs Lolyne, DAF DB250LF/Plaxton President and Ayats Integral buses, where they will progressively be replaced by Volvo BZL/MCV EvoSeti double decker buses as part of the Singapore Green Plan 2030. City Sightseeing and Gray Line Tours uses Alexander Dennis Enviro400 buses.

Boat fleet

[edit]
  • 5 Condiesel LARC V (Originally fromSingapore Armed Forces, withdrawn in 2000 and converted in 2002. Progressively withdrawn from June 2022 after introduction of electric LARC-EV).
  • 2 Condiesel LARC-EV (Built in January 2022)

Nature sight-seeing

[edit]
See also:Coastal Tourism in Singapore
The monument toChopin in theSingapore Botanic Gardens, just south ofSymphony Lake.

Singapore has a variety of parks and projects which often feature its natural tropical environment.

Singapore has four zoos, namely, theSingapore Zoo,Night Safari,Bird Paradise andRiver Wonders. TheSingapore Zoo displays animals in 'open' naturalistic, spacious, landscaped enclosures separated from the visitors by hidden barriers, moats, and glass, with various shows and events occurring throughout the day to allow visitors to interact with the animals.[50]Night Safari is the world's first nocturnal zoo, set in a humid tropical forest that is only open at night, it is divided into seven geographical zones, which can be explored either on foot via four walking trails, or by tram.Bird Paradise is the largest bird park in Asia with extensive specimens of exotic bird life from around the world, including a flock of one thousand flamingos.River Wonders features atropical rainforest setting[51] and features 10 different ecosystems around the world, with 5000 animals of 300 species. Among the main attractions in the River Wonders is a pair of male and femalegiant pandas – Kai Kai (凯凯) and Jia Jia (嘉嘉)[52] – which are housed in a specially constructed climate-controlled enclosure which change throughout the four seasons emulating their original environment.[53]

Supertrees atGardens by the Bay, at night.

Among the various gardens and parks located in the country, Singapore'sSingapore Botanic Gardens andGardens by the Bay are most popular amongst tourists. TheSingapore Botanical Gardens, aUNESCO World Heritage Site is a 52 hectares tropical garden, among its main attractions includes the National Orchid collection with over 3000 types oforchids[54] growing.[55]Gardens by the Bay, designed as a series of large tropical leaf-shaped gardens, each with its own specific landscaping design, character and theme. Its main attractions are the two conservatories, the Flower Dome, which replicates a mild, dry climate and features plants found in the Mediterranean and other semi-arid tropical regions,[56][57] and the Cloud Forest, which replicates the cool moist conditions found in tropical mountain regions between 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) and 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) above sea level, found in South-East Asia, Middle- and South America.[58] Other main attractions include the Supertree Grove, which features tree-like structures, known as Supertrees that dominate the Gardens' landscape. They are vertical gardens that perform a multitude of functions, which include planting, shading and working as environmental engines for the gardens.[59]

Singapore also has twoASEAN Heritage Parks, which are theBukit Timah Nature Reserve, an extensivenature reserve which covers much of theBukit Timah Hill, and is the only remaining place where primary rainforest still exists on the island,[60] and theSungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, which is known for its high variety of bird species, crabs, mudskippers and flora and fauna.[61][62]

Pulau Ubin, is an offshore island situated in thenorth-eastern island group, is one of the last rural areas to be found in Singapore, where the last of undevelopedkampongs (villages) and wooden jetties, abandoned quarries and plantations, with an abundance of natural flora and fauna. The island forms part of theUbin–Khatib Important Bird Area (IBA), identified as such byBirdLife International because it supports significant numbers of visiting and resident birds, some of which arethreatened.[63] One of the more popular spots on the island is,Chek Jawa, a previous coral reef 5000 years ago, where several ecosystems can be observed in one area.[64]

Dining

[edit]
Main article:Cuisine of Singapore
Lau Pa Sat's Satay Street occupiesBoon Tat Street, which closes each evening to host open-air satay stalls.[65]

Singapore's cuisine reflects its multicultural heritage, shaped by its role as a major international port since its establishment as a British trading post in 1819.[66] A large part of Singaporean cuisine centres around thehawker culture in the country. Hawker stalls first began around mid 1800s and were largely made up of street food stalls selling a huge variety of foods.[67] Influenced primarily by Chinese, Malay, and Indian culinary traditions—mirroring the country's ethnic composition—Singaporean food has evolved into a rich tapestry of flavors.[68] This diversity is most evident in the nation'shawker culture, which dates back to the mid-1800s when street vendors began offering a wide variety of affordable dishes.[66]

Inhawker centres—an enduring cornerstone of daily life—cross-cultural influences abound. Malay stalls often serve halal versions of Chinese or Tamil dishes, while Chinese vendors incorporate Malay and Indian ingredients and techniques. Some dishes fuse elements from all three cultures, alongside influences from acrossAsia andthe West.. This culinary blend was internationally recognized when Singapore's hawker culture was inscribed onUNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage list in 2020.[69] With hawker centres andfood courts more prevalent and accessible thanrestaurants, dining out is a common practice among Singaporeans,[70] especially given the affordability and variety these centres offer. Notable among them areLau Pa Sat,Newton Food Centre, andMaxwell Food Centre, where several stalls have earnedBib Gourmand recognition.[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]

Food is also a key pillar of Singapore's tourism strategy, promoted alongside shopping as one of the nation's top attractions by theSingapore Tourism Board. TheSingapore Food Festival, held every July, celebrates this culinary diversity. Thanks to its multicultural roots, abundant international options, and a price range catering to all budgets, Singapore has earned its reputation as a global "food paradise." Iconic local dishes includekaya toast,chilli crab,fish head curry, laksa androti prata,[80] and the belovedHainanese chicken rice—often regarded as Singapore's national dish.[81][82][83][84]

Tourist events

[edit]
Aerial Panorama of Merlion Park and its surrounds

Singapore Tourism Board promotes a variety of events all year round for tourists. Some of the anchor events are theChingay Parade,Singapore Arts Festival andSingapore Garden Festival.[citation needed]TheSingapore Food Festival is held every July to celebrate Singapore's cuisine. Other annual events include theSingapore Sun Festival, the Christmas Light Up, and the Singapore Jewel Festival.[85]Since 2008, Singapore has hosted theSingapore Grand Prix, part of the FIAFormula One World Championship.[86] The inaugural race, held on a new street circuit atMarina Bay, was the first night-time event inFormula One history.[87] The race was not held in 2020 or 2021 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic. In 2010, Singapore hosted the inauguralYouth Olympic Games, where theSingapore Tourism Board (STB) said the Games is expected to generate a minimum of 180,000 visitor nights for Singapore.[88]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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External links

[edit]
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