 Skating onGaspereau Lake, Nova Scotia | |
| Nicknames |
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|---|---|
| Characteristics | |
| Contact | No |
| Team members | Individual, pairs or groups |
| Type |
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| Equipment |
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| Venue | Frozen bodies of water |
Tour skating is recreational long distanceice skating on natural ice. It is particularly popular in theNetherlands and theNordic countries. It is becoming more popular in areas of North America such asNew England,[1]Southcentral Alaska,[2][3] andNova Scotia.[4]
While Nordic skating usually involves tours over open ice on marshes, lakes, rivers, or sea, in the Netherlands skaters follow marked routes on frozen canals and connected lakes. Consequently, there are differences in equipment and skating styles between these two regions. Alaskans often include winter camping on longer journeys of a hundred miles or more.
Nordic skating is a popular activity in Sweden but is also becoming more popular inFinland and Norway, where it is calledlångfärdsskridskoåkning(in Swedish),retkiluistelu(in Finnish) andturskøyting(in Norwegian). In Canada and the United States this style is often calledNordic skating. Other names used aretrip skating andwild skating.
Dutch skating is calledtoerschaatsen and is regarded by some as a sport in its own right.[5]
Nordic skating originated during the 1900s in Sweden. It usually involves choosing your own tours over the open ice, sometimes in groups normally with safety equipment.Nordic skates differ significantly from theDutch tour skates.
Nordic tour skates are fitted with a blade approximately 50 cm long and are attached with bindings to specialized boots similar to walking boots or cross country skiing boots, often with a free heel. Since tour skating often involves walking between lakes or around sections not suitable for skating, the fact that the blades can be easily removed from the boots is convenient.
In addition the following safety equipment is often recommended:
Knee and elbow pads and a helmet are also commonly used.
In late autumn/early winter the small lakes freeze first, sometimes as early as October. Next the somewhat larger lakes freeze and become skateable. Light snow does not necessarily prevent skating and in some places tracks are ploughed to keep them open.
In January–February parts of the archipelago in the Baltic sea often freeze. This is the time when long skating tours can be undertaken. Tours of 60–80 km in one day are not uncommon - some skate over 150 km.
Sweden's largest tour skating association is"The Stockholm Ice Skate Sailing and Touring Club" (SSSK).[6] Finland's largest tour skating association isFinland's Tour Skaters.[7] America's largest tour skating association isMarathon Skating International, a Vermont-based skating group. Founded by Jamie Hess and a number of others, the organization was initially called, "North American Marathon Skating Association".[8]
Several associations in Sweden, Finland, Norway, Netherlands, and the U.S. are members ofSkridskonätet [sv].[9] Through Skridskonätet, the members of the various associations share information on where ice suitable for skating can be found. Skridskonätet also maintains a list of tour skating clubs[10] in mainly Sweden, Finland and the Netherlands.
In the Netherlands, the Dutch skating is calledToerschaatsen, where skaters follow marked routes on frozen canals and lakes, which are coordinated by the Royal Netherlands Skating Union.[11][12]
Despite its maritime climate in which real cold winters are rare, skating is traditionally the most popular winter pastime in the Netherlands even if manyspeed skating competitions have been moved indoors. Thousands of Dutch leap at the chance in cold winters to tie up their skates and glide across frozen lakes and canals, and sports stores all over the country sell out their skates.
The skaters mostly use common such skates with long blades orspeed skates, with long blades rigidly attached to the skating shoes. Ice-poles and other safety equipment are not carried.
The Netherlands is home ofElfstedentocht, a 200 km distance skating race of which the tracks leads through the 11 different cities inFriesland which is a northern province of the Netherlands.
Skate tracks on natural ice are maintained by the towns and communities, who take care of the safety of the tracks.
In Canada, outdoor skating on natural frozen lake and ponds is common but not as a method of travel or tourism, rather people skate in a circular route around the lake, or create an improvisedice hockey rink for a game of "shinny",ringette, orbroomball.
However, starting in 1971, the section of theRideau Canal that runs through the centre ofOttawa, the national capital, has been used as a skating corridor. This has become a major tourist attraction and a popular method ofcommuting in with Ottawa's locals. In 2011 932,331 people used the skateway. Starting in the 1990sThe Forks area of Winnipeg, where two rivers join, has also been used as a skating trail, and by 2008 was longer than the Rideau skateway (though much narrower). Due to natural variations in ice conditions, theAssiniboine Credit Union River Trail, as it is officially called varies in length each year. Similar plans to turn Montreal'sLachine Canal into a skating venue have been discussed since 2000, but were still awaiting the needed funding in 2012.[13]
InJoliette, Quebec, two parallel skating tracks, of 4 km each, on theL'Assomption River are linked to form a loop running through the center of the town.[14]
InInvermere, British Columbia, there is a 15 km skating track onWindermere Lake.[15]
Long distance skating on lakes and rivers in eastern Canada and north-eastern US was more common in the years between 1850 and 1900. One region of note was the lower reaches of theSaint John River inNew Brunswick. In Saint John: A Sporting Tradition, Brian Flood writes:
However, on the soles of the hearty ladies and gentlemen who lived along the St John and Kennebecasis Rivers, there was a different type of skate. They used the famous "Long Reachers". Around the year 1870, James A. Whelpley patented the "Long Reach Speed Skates". Whelpley's skate factory was located at Jones Creek, on the Long Reach. Here, he turned out skates that became famous all over the continent. The skate had a blade seventeen inches long.The "woods" of the skates, at the widest point, measured less than an inch and a half. A screw protruded up a half an inch at this point. The skates were firmly attached with heel and toe straps made of heavy leather.
"Long reachers" were ideally suited for the long expanse of the St John and Kennebecasis Rivers. A man on these skates could travel long distances in a relatively short period of time. From Saint John to Fredericton, by the way of the St John River, is a distance of about eighty miles. It was not uncommon for an able-bodied young man to skate this distance in a little under seven hours.[16]
Some of the skaters from the Saint John River area became world classspeed skating champions, notablyHugh J. McCormick.
