| Kōchi Domain (1868–1871)高知藩 Tosa Domain (1601–1868)土佐藩 | |
|---|---|
| Domain of Japan | |
| 1601–1871 | |
 Kōchi Castle inKōchi | |
| Capital | Kōchi Castle |
| Area | |
| • Coordinates | 36°33′52″N136°39′33″E / 36.564317°N 136.659228°E /36.564317; 136.659228 |
| Government | |
| Daimyō | |
• 1601-1605 | Yamauchi Kazutoyo(first) |
• 1859-1871 | Yamauchi Toyonori(last) |
| Historical era | Edo period |
• Established | 1601 |
| 1871 | |
| Contained within | |
| • Province | Tosa |
| Today part of | Kōchi Prefecture |
TheTosa Domain (土佐藩,Tosa-han) was afeudal domain under theTokugawa shogunate ofEdo period Japan, controlling all ofTosa Province in what is nowKōchi Prefecture on the island ofShikoku. It was centered aroundKōchi Castle, and was ruled throughout its history by thetozama daimyōYamauchi clan. Many people from the domain played important roles in events of the late Edo period includingNakahama Manjirō,Sakamoto Ryōma,Yui Mitsue,Gotō Shōjirō,Itagaki Taisuke,Nakae Chōmin, andTakechi Hanpeita. Tosa Domain was renamedKōchi Domain (高知藩,Kōchi-han) during the earlyMeiji period until it was dissolved in theabolition of the han system in 1871 and becameKōchi Prefecture.
At the end of theSengoku period, theChōsokabe clan ruledTosa Province. The Chōsokabe had briefly controlled the entire island of Shikoku underChōsokabe Motochika from 1583 until he was defeated byToyotomi Hideyoshi in theInvasion of Shikoku in 1585. Motochika fought for Hideyoshi in theKyushu Campaign and theinvasions of Korea. However, nextdaimyōChōsokabe Morichika joined the pro-Toyotomi Western Army at theBattle of Sekigahara in 1600, and was subsequently deprived of his title, and later his life. The victoriousTokugawa shogunate orderedYamauchi Kazutoyo, lord ofKakegawa Castle inTōtōmi Province to take control of the province asdaimyō of the newly created Tosa Domain, with a nominalkokudaka of 202,600koku.[1] The Chōsokabe's formerretainers were extremely hostile to the new regime, while Tosapeasants feared increased exploitation under the new lord and many fled across to the neighboring domains. Kazutoyo came in with only 158 mounted men, and had to petition the new government of theTokugawa shogunate for help in pacifying his new domain. This was achieved by "ruse and violence ... Two boatloads containing 273 heads were sent to Tokugawa headquarters to demonstrate Yamauchi efficiency, and another 73 dissidents werecrucified on the beach,"[1] however, stories that the Yamauchi invited major Chōsokabe retainers to a fakesumo tournament and had them massacred are believed to have been later fabrications.[2][3][4]
In any event, most of the old vassals of the Chōsokabe, who were half-peasants and half-soldiers, were allowed to remain as lower-ranked samurai within the new regime, with retainers of the Yamauchi clan monopolizing the senior position, and with the most senior Yamauchi retainers and clan members assisted to key points within the domain to prepare for rebellions. This discrimination between the old and the new retainers would persist during theBakumatsu period and would be an increasing source of dissatisfaction with the lower-ranking samurai.
Initially, Yamauchi Kazutoyo made Urato Castle, the old stronghold of the Chōsokabe as his headquarters, but he soon found it too small, so he builtKōchi Castle and laid out a newcastle town. Under his successor, Yamauchi Tadayoshi, new rice field development and new industries were promoted, and the clan's finances remained relatively stable until around the middle of the Edo period. The domain was always eager to raise its incomes; the expenses involved in itssankin kōtai obligation to live in the shogunate's capital of Edo in alternative years was extremely high due to the domain's geographic location, and the domain was constantly being called upon by the shogunate to provide labor for public works projects.
However, from around theHoreki era (1751 to 1764) onwards, the clan's administration was shaken by uprisings and peasants fleeing to other territories. The ninthdaimyō,Yamauchi Toyochika and the 13thdaimyō,Yamauchi Toyoteru attempted reforms based on fiscal frugality with limited success. In theBakumatsu period, the 15thdaimyō,Yamauchi Toyoshige (also known as Yamauchi Yodo) appointedYoshida Tōyō to undertake major reforms; however, he was assassinated by reactionary followers ofTakechi Hanpeita who were against modernization. Subsequently, Yamauchi Toyoshige took action against Takechi's "Tosa Kinnō-tō" party and suppressed theSonnō Jōi movement in the domain. Initially a strong supporter of theKōbu gattai movement to join the shogunate with the Imperial House of Japan, he later led the domain into theSatchō Alliance and played a critical role in 1867 in advising ShōgunTokugawa Yoshinobu to carry outTaisei Hokan (大政奉還), and to thereturn of power to the Emperor. In 1868, Tosa Domain was renamed "Kōchi Domain", which after theabolition of the han system in 1871, became Kōchi Prefecture. The Yamauchi clan was elevated to the rank ofmarquis in thekazoku system by the Peerage Order of 1884.[3][4]
Unlike most domains in thehan system, which consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assignedkokudaka, based on periodiccadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields, Tosa Domain was a single unified holding.[5][6] At the end of the 16th century, the Chōsokabe family'skokudaka of Tosa Province was only 98,000koku per the Taiko land survey. The Yamauchi clan had an officialkokudaka of 202,600koku, but when the rivalTokushima Domain gainedAwaji Province in 1615 and raised itskokudaka from 170,000 to 257,000koku, Tosa Domain also demanded that its kokudaka be reassess as 257,000koku, so that it would not lose prestige and be considered inferior to Tokushima. The shogunate refused the demand and Tosa Domain remained at 202,600koku. However, this was an official, nominal, value, and the actualkokudaka of the domain is estimated to have been at least 494,000koku.
| # | Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Yamauchi clan, 1601–1871 (Tozama) | |||||
| 1 | Yamauchi Kazutoyo (山内一豊) | 1601 - 1605 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 2 | Yamauchi Tadayoshi (山内忠義) | 1605 - 1656 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 3 | Yamauchi Tadatoyo (山内忠豊) | 1656 - 1669 | Tsushima-no-kami (対馬守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 4 | Yamauchi Toyomasa (山内豊昌) | 1669 - 1700 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 5 | Yamauchi Toyofusa (山内豊房) | 1700 - 1706 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 6 | Yamauchi Toyotaka (山内豊隆) | 1706 - 1720 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 7 | Yamauchi Toyotsune (山内豊常) | 1720 - 1725 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 8 | Yamauchi Toyonobu (山内豊敷) | 1725 - 1768 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 9 | Yamauchi Toyochika (山内豊雍) | 1768 - 1789 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 10 | Yamauchi Toyokazu (山内豊策) | 1789 - 1808 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 11 | Yamauchi Toyooki (山内豊興) | 1808 - 1809 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 202,600koku |
| 12 | Yamauchi Toyosuke (山内豊資) | 1809 - 1843 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従),Ukon-no-e-shosho (右近衛少将 | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 202,600koku |
| 13 | Yamauchi Toyoteru (山内豊熈) | 1843 - 1848 | 'Tosa-no-kami (土佐守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 14 | Yamauchi Toyoatsu (山内豊惇) | 1848 - 1848 | Tosa-no-kami (土佐守) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
| 15 | Yamauchi Toyoshige (山内豊信) | 1848 - 1859 | Gon-Chunagon (権中納言) | 2nd Rank (正二位) | 202,600koku |
| 16 | Yamauchi Toyonori (山内豊範) | 1859 - 1871 | Sakon-no-e-shosho (左近衛権少将) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 202,600koku |
Tosa Domain had two subsidiary domains:
Tosa-Nakamura Domain (土佐中村藩,Tosa-Nakamura han) was created in 1601 for Yamauchi Yasutoyo, brother of Kazutoyo and father of the 2nd daimyo, Tadayoshi. It had akokudaka of 20,000koku. The domain was inherited by his son Masatomo, but went extinct in 1624. The domain was revived in 1658 for Yamauchi Tadayoshi's second son Tadanao, but as a 30,000koku holding. It was abolished in 1689.
Tosa-Shinden Domain (土佐新田藩,Tosa-Shinden han) was created in 1780 as a 13,000koku holding for Yamauchi Toyotada, from ahatamoto branch of the clan descended from the formerdaimyō of Tosa-Nakamura Domain. It hadkokudaka of 13,000koku taken directly form the treasury of the parent domain, and thus did not have any physical estates. It was also not subject tosankin kōtai, as itsdaimyō alway resided at the domain's mansion in theAzabu area ofEdo. The domain was abolished and reincorporated back into Tosa Domain in 1870.[2][3][4]
| # | Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yamauchi clan, 1780–1870 (Tozama) | |||||
| 1 | Yamauchi Toyotada (山内豊産) | 1780 - 1783 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 13,000koku |
| 2 | Yamauchi Toyoyasu (山内豊泰) | 1783 - 1803 | Settsu-no-kami (摂津守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 13,000koku |
| 3 | Yamauchi Toyotake (山内豊武) | 1803 - 1825 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 13,000koku |
| 4 | Yamauchi Toyokata (山内豊賢) | 1825 - 1856 | Tōtōmi-no-kami (遠江守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 13,000koku |
| 5 | Yamauchi Toyoyoshi (山内豊福) | 1856 - 1868 | Settsu-no-kami (摂津守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 13,000koku |
| 6 | Yamauchi Toyoshige (山内豊誠) | 1868 - 1871 | Jijū (侍従) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 13,000koku |
I. Kazutoyo, 1stdaimyō of Tosa (cr. 1601) (c. 1545 – 1605; r. 1601–1605)II. Tadayoshi, 2nddaimyō of Tosa (1592–1665; r. 1605–1656)III. Tadatoyo, 3rddaimyō of Tosa (1609–1669; r. 1656–1669)IV. Toyomasa, 4thdaimyō of Tosa (1641–1700; r. 1669–1700).VIII. Toyonobu, 8thdaimyō of Tosa (1712–1768; r. 1725–1767)IX. Toyochika, 9thdaimyō of Tosa (1750–1789; r. 1768–1789)X. Toyokazu, 10thdaimyō of Tosa (1773–1825; r. 1789–1808)XI. Toyoaki, 11thdaimyō of Tosa (1793–1809; r. 1808–1809).XII. Toyosuke, 12thdaimyō of Tosa (1794–1872; r. 1809–1843)XIII. Toyoteru, 13thdaimyō of Tosa (1815–1848; r. 1843–1848)XIV. Toyoatsu, 14thdaimyō of Tosa (1824–1848; r. 1848)XVI. Toyonori, 16thdaimyō, 16th family head, 1st Marquess (1846–1886; r. 1859–1869; Governor of Tosa 1869–1871; Marquess: 1884)XV. Toyoshige, 15th Lord of Tosa (1827–1872; r. 1849–1859)V.Toyofusa, 5thdaimyō of Tosa (1672–1706; r. 1700–1706)VI. Toyotaka, 6thdaimyō of Tosa (1673–1720; r. 1706–1720)VII. Toyotsune, 7thdaimyō of Tosa (1711–1725; r. 1720–1725).
