| Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve | |
|---|---|
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)[1] | |
 Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve | |
  Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve (the United States) Show map of the United States | |
| Location | San Diego,California |
| Coordinates | 32°55′16″N117°15′12″W / 32.9210°N 117.2532°W /32.9210; -117.2532 |
| Area | 2,000 acres (8.1 km2) |
| www | |
| Designated | 1977 |
Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve is a coastalstate park inSan Diego, California. The reserve is one of the wildest stretches of land on theSouthern California coast, covering 2,000 acres (810 ha). It is bordered immediately to the south byTorrey Pines Golf Course and to the north by the city ofDel Mar. The reserve was designated aNational Natural Landmark in 1977.[2]
The reserve consists of a plateau with cliffs that overlookTorrey Pines State Beach and a lagoon that is vital to migratingseabirds. Many different kinds of wildlife and flora are found within the reserve, including bobcat, fox, skunk, raccoon, coyote, rabbit, cacti, coastalchaparral, and the rareTorrey pine. Duringwhale migration, it is possible to see several species from the cliffs, includinghumpback whale andgray whale.
The 8 miles (13 km) of trails within the park offer an attraction for hikers and beach-goers. A small museum sits at the top of the hill. From the cliffs and many places along the beach, it is possible to seeLa Jolla to the south and Del Mar to the north. At the southern end of the beach is a large rock that projects into the ocean, called Flat Rock. South of the rock is San Diego's unofficial nude beach,Black's Beach.
The area is home to theKumeyaay, Payómkawichum, Kuupiaxchem, and Cahuillapeoples.George Marston persuaded the San Diego City Council in 1899 to pass an ordinance preserving 364 acres (147 ha) of the pueblo land as a park. Later between 1908 and 1911, newspaperwoman and philanthropistEllen Browning Scripps bought additional land and donated it to the city.[3] In 1916,Guy Fleming visited the park and after examining the current condition, pushed for preservation of the park and eventually became the District Superintendent for the Southern California State Park System. The Torrey Pines Lodge was completed in 1923 and a year later, more lands were added to the park. Now consisting of over 1,000 acres (400 ha) of cliffs, beach, and more, the park became open to the public.
In 1956, it was decided that the park be handed over to the State of California for higher protection because it is a state reserve. In 1970, 197 acres (80 ha) and 1,500 trees were added due to fear of human expansion. Later in 1975, the Torrey Pines Docent Society was started to help promote preservation of the park, in addition to the Visitors Center. In 2007, the park's name was changed to Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve. The park size is now over 2,000 acres (810 ha).[4] The official Torrey Pines website provides more detail on the establishment of the Torrey Pines Reserve.[5][1][citation needed]
ThePinus torreyana torreyana, also known as the Torrey pine, is the rarest pine in North America. The plant has vanished over time due to the drying period over the last 10 years and has an intricate root system that helps attach it to the overbearing bluffs. Torrey Pines is the sole location worldwide where this subspecies grows (including a small coastal strip immediately north of the Reserve in Del Mar.[6] A closely related subspecies occurs onSanta Rosa Island.[7]
While chiefly known as habitat to this extremely rare and endangered species, the Torrey Pine Reserve also is home to a wide variety of vegetation and wildlife. The Torrey Pines Reserve has a rather unusual climate due to theSanta Ana winds causing the vegetation to be drier. Plants such asCoastal sage scrub,Coastal Strand, andSalt marsh also thrive at Torrey Pines. More information on the different plants that grow at this park is provided on the official Torrey Pines website.[2]
Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve offers 8 trails to hikers that vary in terms of length, difficulty, and scenery. San Diego Tourism Authority says that three popular trails at the park are Guy Fleming Trail, Razor Point Trail, and Beach Trail. The Guy Fleming Trail is 0.7 miles (1,100 m) and is the easiest trail at the park. The trail provides diverse scenery from Peñasquitos Marsh to views of La Jolla and is well known for whale sightings in the winter. The Razor Point Trail is a 1.4 miles (2,300 m) loop that provides hikers with a view ofravines andbadlands while overlooking the ocean. The Beach Trail is a3⁄4 mile (1,200 m) walk that leads one down toTorrey Pines State Beach. Although it is the least scenic trail, it is very popular due to taking hikers straight to the wide-open beach.[8] Other trails at the park are the Parry Grove Trail, Yucca Point Trail, High Point Trail, Broken Hill Trail, and Discovery Trail. The official Torrey Pines website provides more information on the other trails.[3]
In 2008, a 57-year-old tourist from Henderson, Nevada died from a cliff that gave way. The man was struck on the head by basketball-sized boulders, and after the victim was dug out of the debris, a crew performedcardiopulmonary resuscitation to try to save his life.[9] The man died hours later. Torrey Pines is known for its sandy, unstable cliffs and this was not the first time a cliff had collapsed. On January 18, 2014, a 65-year-old hiker fell about 0.5 miles (800 m) down a trail at Torrey Pines and broke his ankle. The injury was so drastic that the man needed a cliff rescue.[10]
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