Tori Amos | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Amos performing in 2017 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Myra Ellen Amos |
| Also known as |
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| Born | (1963-08-22)August 22, 1963 (age 61) Newton, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Genres | |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instruments |
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| Discography | Tori Amos discography |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Labels | |
| Formerly of | Y Kant Tori Read |
| Website | toriamos |
| Signature | |
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Tori Amos[7] (bornMyra Ellen Amos; August 22, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. She is a classically trained musician with amezzo-soprano vocal range.[8] Having already begun composing instrumental pieces on piano, Amos won a full scholarship to thePeabody Institute at Johns Hopkins University at the age of five, the youngest person ever to have been admitted. She had to leave at the age of eleven when her scholarship was discontinued for whatRolling Stone described as "musical insubordination".[9] Amos was the lead singer of the short-lived 1980spop-rock groupY Kant Tori Read before achieving her breakthrough as a solo artist in the early 1990s. Her songs focus on a broad range of topics, including sexuality, feminism, politics, and religion.
Her charting singles include "Crucify", "Silent All These Years", "God", "Cornflake Girl", "Caught a Lite Sneeze", "Professional Widow", "Spark", "1000 Oceans", "Flavor" and "A Sorta Fairytale".[10] Amos has received fiveMTV VMA nominations and eightGrammy Award nominations, and won anEcho Klassik award for herNight of Huntersclassical crossover album. She is listed onVH1's 1999 "100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll" at number 71.[11]
Amos is the third child of Mary Ellen (née Copeland) and Edison McKinley Amos.[12] She was born on August 22, 1963[13] at the Old Catawba Hospital inNewton, North Carolina, during a trip from theirGeorgetown home in Washington, D.C.,[14] and was named Myra Ellen Amos.[7]
Some of Amos's ancestors were Confederate soldiers.[14] In her memoir,Piece by Piece, she talks about the experience of these Confederate ancestors, Margaret Little and Grandaddy Calvin Rice, during theAmerican Civil War.
When she was two years old, her family relocated toBaltimore, Maryland, where her father had moved hisMethodist ministry from its original base in Washington, D.C. Her older brother and sister took piano lessons, but Tori did not need them. From the time she could reach the piano, she taught herself[15] to play: when she was two, she could reproduce pieces of music she had only heard once,[16] and, by the age of three, she was composing her own songs. She has described seeing music as structures of light since early childhood, an experience consistent withchromesthesia:
The song appears as light filament once I've cracked it. As long as I've been doing this, which is more than thirty-five years, I've never seen the same light creature in my life. Obviously similar chord progressions follow similar light patterns, but try to imagine the best kaleidoscope ever—after the initial excitement, you start to focus on each element's stunning original detail. For instance, the sound of the words with the sound of the chord progression combined with the rhythm manifests itself in a unique expression of the architecture of color-and-light. ... I started visiting this world when I was three, listening to a piece byBéla Bartók; I visited a configuration that day that wasn't on this earth. ... It was euphoric.[17]
At five, she became the youngest student ever admitted to the preparatory division of thePeabody Institute.[18][19] She studied classical piano at Peabody from 1968 to 1974.[18] In 1974, when she was eleven, her scholarship was discontinued, and she was asked to leave. Amos has asserted that she lost the scholarship because of her interest inrock and popular music, coupled with her dislike for reading from sheet music.[20][16][21]
In 1972, the Amos family moved toSilver Spring, Maryland, where her father became pastor of the Good Shepherd United Methodist church. At thirteen, Amos began playing atgay bars andpiano bars, chaperoned by her father.[20][16][22]
Amos won a county teen talent contest in 1977, singing a song called "More Than Just a Friend".[19] As a senior atRichard Montgomery High School, she co-wrote "Baltimore" with her brother, Mike Amos, for a competition involving theBaltimore Orioles. The song did not win the contest but became her first single, released as a7-inch single pressed locally for family and friends in 1980 with another Amos-penned composition as aB-side, "Walking With You". Before this, she had performed under her middle name, Ellen, and was considering the stage name "Sammy Jaye[23]" at the time, but permanently adopted "Tori" after a friend's boyfriend told her she looked like aTorrey pine, a tree native to the West Coast.[24][25][26]
By the time she was 17, Amos had a stock of homemade demo tapes that her father regularly sent out to record companies and producers.[19] ProducerNarada Michael Walden responded favorably: he and Amos cut some tracks together, but none were released.[19] Eventually,Atlantic Records responded to one of the tapes, and, whenA&R manJason Flom flew to Baltimore to audition her in person, the label was convinced and signed her.[18]
In 1984, Amos moved to Los Angeles to pursue her music career[19] after several years performing on the piano bar circuit in theWashington, D.C. area.
In 1986, Amos formed a musical group calledY Kant Tori Read, named for her difficulty withsight-reading.[27][28] In addition to Amos, the group was composed ofSteve Caton (who would later play guitars on all of her albums until 1999), drummerMatt Sorum, bass player Brad Cobb and, for a short time, keyboardist Jim Tauber. The band went through several iterations of songwriting and recording; Amos has said interference from record executives caused the band to lose its musical edge and direction during this time. Finally, in July 1988, the band's eponymous debut album,Y Kant Tori Read, was released. Although its producer,Joe Chiccarelli, stated that Amos was very happy with the album at the time,[29] Amos has since criticized it, once remarking: "The only good thing about that album is my ankle high boots."[30]
Following the album's commercial failure and the group's subsequent disbanding, Amos began working with other artists (includingStan Ridgway,Sandra Bernhard, andAl Stewart) as a backup vocalist. She also recorded a song called "Distant Storm" (which she did not write), which was used in the filmChina O'Brien. In the credits, the song is attributed to a band called Tess Makes Good.[31] Amos recorded the vocals for the song in 1988, for $150; she was unaware for several years that the song had actually been heard in a film.[32] Other than the appearance in the film itself, "Distant Storm" has never been commercially issued in any format.
Despite the disappointing reaction toY Kant Tori Read, Amos still had to comply with her six-record contract with Atlantic Records, which, in 1989, wanted a new record by March 1990. The initial recordings were declined by the label, which Amos felt was because the album had not been properly presented.[33] The album was reworked and expanded under the guidance ofDoug Morris and the musical talents ofSteve Caton,Eric Rosse, Will MacGregor, Carlo Nuccio, and Dan Nebenzal, resulting inLittle Earthquakes, an album recounting her religious upbringing, sexual awakening, struggle to establish her identity, and sexual assault.[18] This album became her commercial and artistic breakthrough, entering the British charts in January 1992 at Number 15.[18]Little Earthquakes was released in the United States in February 1992 and slowly but steadily began to attract listeners, gaining more attention with the video for the single "Silent All These Years".[18]
Amos traveled toNew Mexico with personal and professional partnerEric Rosse in 1993 to write and largely record her second solo record,Under the Pink. The album was received with mostly favorable reviews and sold enough copies to chart at No. 12 on theBillboard 200,[34] a significantly higher position than the preceding album's position at No. 54 on the same chart.[35] However, the album found its biggest success in the UK, debuting at number one upon release in February 1994.
Her third solo album,Boys for Pele, was released in January 1996. Prior to its release, the first single, "Caught a Lite Sneeze" became the first full song released for streaming online prior to an album's release.[36][37]
The album was recorded in a church inDelgany,County Wicklow,Ireland, with Amos taking advantage of the church's acoustics. For this album, Amos used theharpsichord,harmonium, andclavichord as well as the piano. The album garnered mixed reviews upon its release, with some critics praising its intensity and uniqueness while others bemoaned its comparative impenetrability. Despite the album's erratic lyrical content and instrumentation, the latter of which kept it away from mainstream audiences,Boys for Pele is Amos' most successful simultaneous transatlantic release, reaching No. 2 on the UK Top 40[38] and No. 2 on the Billboard 200 upon its release.[34]
Fueled by the desire to have her own recording studio to distance herself from record company executives, Amos had the barn of her home inCornwall, UK converted into the state-of-the-art recording studio of Martian Engineering Studios.[39]
From the Choirgirl Hotel andTo Venus and Back, released in May 1998 and September 1999, respectively, differ greatly from previous albums. Amos' trademark acoustic, piano-based sound is largely replaced with arrangements that include elements ofelectronica and dance music with vocal washes. The underlying themes of both albums deal with womanhood and Amos' own miscarriages and marriage. Reviews forFrom the Choirgirl Hotel were mostly favorable and praised Amos' continued artistic originality. Debut sales forFrom the Choirgirl Hotel are Amos' best to date, selling 153,000 copies in its first week.[40]To Venus and Back, a two-disc release of original studio material and live material recorded from the previous world tour, received mostly positive reviews and included the first major-label single available for sale as a digital download.[41]
Shortly after giving birth to her daughter, Amos decided to record acover album, taking songs written by men about women and reversing thegender roles to reflect a woman's perspective.[42][43] That becameStrange Little Girls, released in September 2001. The album is Amos' firstconcept album, with artwork featuring Amos photographed in character of the women portrayed in each song.[43] Amos would later reveal that a stimulus for the album was to end her contract with Atlantic without giving them original songs; Amos felt that since 1998, the label had not been properly promoting her and had trapped her in a contract by refusing to sell her to another label.[44]
With her Atlantic contract fulfilled after a 15-year stint, Amos signed toEpic in late 2001. In October 2002, Amos releasedScarlet's Walk, another concept album. Described as a "sonic novel", the album explores Amos'alter ego, Scarlet, intertwined with her cross-country concert tour following9/11. Through the songs, Amos explores such topics as the history of America, American people, Native American history, pornography,masochism,homophobia andmisogyny. The album had a strong debut at No. 7 on the Billboard 200.[34][45]Scarlet's Walk is Amos' last album to date to reach certified gold status from theRIAA.[46]
Not long after Amos was ensconced with her new label, she received unsettling news when Polly Anthony resigned as president of Epic Records in 2003. Anthony had been one of the primary reasons Amos signed with the label and as a result of her resignation, Amos formed the Bridge Entertainment Group. Further trouble for Amos occurred the following year when her label, Epic/Sony Music Entertainment, merged with BMG Entertainment as a result of the industry's decline.[47]
Amos released two more albums withEpic,The Beekeeper (2005) andAmerican Doll Posse (2007). Both albums received generally favorable reviews.[48][49]The Beekeeper was conceptually influenced by the ancient art ofbeekeeping, which she considered a source of female inspiration and empowerment. Through extensive study, Amos also wove in the stories of theGnosticgospels and the removal of women from a position of power within theChristian church to create an album based largely on religion and politics. The album debuted at No. 5 on the Billboard 200,[34][50] placing her in an elite group of women who have secured five or more US Top 10 album debuts.[51] While the newly merged label was present throughout the production process ofThe Beekeeper, Amos and her crew nearly completed her next project,American Doll Posse, before inviting the label to listen to it.American Doll Posse, another concept album, is fashioned around a group of girls (the "posse") who are used as a theme of alter-egos of Amos'. Musically and stylistically, the album saw Amos return to a more confrontational nature.[52] Like its predecessor,American Doll Posse debuted at No. 5 on the Billboard 200.[34]
During her tenure with Epic Records, Amos also released a retrospective collection titledTales of a Librarian (2003) through her former label, Atlantic Records; a two-disc DVD setFade to Red (2006) containing most of Amos' solo music videos, released through the Warner Bros. reissue imprint Rhino; a five disc box set titledA Piano: The Collection (2006), celebrating Amos' 15-year solo career through remastered album tracks, remixes, alternate mixes, demos, and a string of unreleased songs from album recording sessions, also released through Rhino; and numerous official bootlegs from two world tours,The Original Bootlegs (2005) andLegs & Boots (2007) through Epic Records.
In May 2008, Amos announced that, due to creative and financial disagreements withEpic Records, she had negotiated an end to her contract with the record label, and would be operating independently of major record labels on future work.[53][54] In September of the same year, Amos released a live album and DVD,Live at Montreux 1991/1992, throughEagle Rock Entertainment, of two performances she gave at the Montreux Jazz Festival very early on in her career while promoting her debut solo album,Little Earthquakes. By December, after a chance encounter with chairman and CEO ofUniversal Music Group,Doug Morris, Amos signed a "joint venture" deal withUniversal Republic Records.[55][56][57][58]
Abnormally Attracted to Sin, Amos' tenth solo studio album and her first album released through Universal Republic, was released in May 2009 to mostly positive reviews. The album debuted in the top 10 of the Billboard 200,[59] making it Amos' seventh album to do so.[60]Abnormally Attracted to Sin, admitted Amos, is a "personal album", not a conceptual one, with the album exploring themes of power, boundaries, and the subjective view of sin.[61] Continuing her distribution deal with Universal Republic, Amos releasedMidwinter Graces, her first seasonal album, in November of the same year. The album features reworked versions of traditional carols, as well as original songs written by Amos.[62]
During her contract with the label, Amos recorded vocals for two songs forDavid Byrne's collaboration album withFatboy Slim, titledHere Lies Love,[63] which was released in April 2010. In July of the same year, the DVDTori Amos- Live from the Artists Den was released exclusively throughBarnes & Noble.
After a brief tour from June to September 2010, Amos released a live albumFrom Russia With Love in December the same year, recorded in Moscow on September 3, 2010. The limited edition set included a signature edition Lomography Diana F+ camera, along with two lenses, a roll of film and one of five photographs taken of Amos during her time in Moscow. The set was released exclusively through her website and only 2000 copies were produced.[64][65]
In September 2011, Amos released her first classical-style music album,Night of Hunters, featuringvariations on a theme to pay tribute to composers such asBach,Chopin,Debussy,Granados,Satie andSchubert, on theDeutsche Grammophon label, a division ofUniversal Music Group. Amos recorded the album with several musicians, including theApollon Musagètestring quartet.
To mark the 20th anniversary of her debut album,Little Earthquakes (1992), Amos released an album of songs from her back catalogue re-worked and re-recorded with theMetropole Orchestra. The album, titledGold Dust, was released in October 2012 through Deutsche Grammophon.[66]
On May 1, 2012, Amos announced the formation of her own record label, Transmission Galactic, which she said she intended to use to develop new artists.
In 2013, Amos collaborated withthe Bullitts on the track "Wait Until Tomorrow" from their debut album,They Die by Dawn & Other Short Stories. She also stated in an interview that a new album and tour would materialize in 2014 and that it would be a "return to contemporary music".[67]
September 2013 saw the launch of Amos' musical project adaptation ofGeorge MacDonald'sThe Light Princess, along with book writerSamuel Adamson andMarianne Elliott. It premiered at London'sRoyal National Theatre and ended in February 2014.The Light Princess and its lead actress,Rosalie Craig, were nominated for Best Musical and Best Musical Performance respectively at theEvening Standard Award. Craig won the Best Musical Performance category.
Amos' 14th studio album,Unrepentant Geraldines, was released on May 13, 2014, via Mercury Classics/Universal Music Classics in the US. Its first single, "Trouble's Lament", was released on March 28. The album was supported by theUnrepentant Geraldines Tour which began May 5, 2014, in Cork and continued across Europe, Africa, North America, and Australia, ending in Brisbane on November 21, 2014. InSydney, Amos performed two orchestral concerts, reminiscent of theGold Dust Orchestral Tour, with theSydney Symphony Orchestra at theSydney Opera House.[68]
According to a press release,Unrepentant Geraldines was a "return to her core identity as a creator of contemporary songs of exquisite beauty following a series of more classically-inspired and innovative musical projects of the last four years. [It is] both one further step in the artistic evolution of one of the most successful and influential artists of her generation, and a return to the inspiring and personal music that Amos is known for all around the world."[69]
The 2-CD setThe Light Princess (Original Cast Recording) was released on October 9, 2015, via Universal/Mercury Classics. Apart from the original cast performances, the recording also includes two songs from the musical ("Highness in the Sky" and "Darkest Hour') performed by Amos.[70]
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On November 18, 2016, Amos released a deluxe version of the albumBoys for Pele to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the original release.[71] This follows the deluxe re-releases of her first two albums in 2015.
On September 8, 2017, Amos releasedNative Invader, accompanied by a world tour.[72] During the summer of 2017, Amos launched three songs from the album: "Cloud Riders", "Up the Creek", and "Reindeer King", the latter featuring string arrangements byJohn Philip Shenale. Produced by Amos, the album explores topics like American politics and environmental issues, mixed with mythological elements and first-person narrations.Native Invader obtained a score of 76 out of 100 on the review aggregator website Metacritic, based on 17 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[73]
On November 9, 2020, Amos announced the release of a holiday-themedEP entitledChristmastide on December 4, digitally and on limited-edition vinyl. The EP consists of four original songs and features her first work with bandmates Matt Chamberlain and Jon Evans since 2009. Amos recorded the EP remotely due to the impact of theCOVID-19 pandemic.[74]
On September 20, 2021, Amos announced her sixteenth studio album,Ocean to Ocean, which was released on October 29. The album was written and recorded in Cornwall during lockdown as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and explores "a universal story of going to rock bottom and renewing yourself all over again".[75] Amos embarked on a European and United States tour in support of the album in 2022, and continued to support the album in 2023 with a European Tour in March and April and additional US dates in June and July .[76][77] Matt Chamberlain and Jon Evans were featured on drums and bass guitar respectively, their first collaboration with Amos on an album since 2009'sMidwinter Graces.[78] For the 2022 and 2023 tour, Amos was joined by Jon Evans and the drummer Ash Soan.[79]
She appeared at theEPIX original docuseriesWomen Who Rock which premiered on July 10, 2022.[80][81]
In 2023, Amos andTrevor Horn coveredKendrick Lamar's "Swimming Pools (Drank)".[82] She also released a remix dance single titled "Tequila," produced byPaul Woolford.[83]
On November 1, 2024, Amos announced the release of a live album,Diving Deep Live, on December 6, 2024, consisting of recordings from her 2022-23 tour in support ofOcean to Ocean. it was released on double vinyl, on CD and digitally.[84]
On February 28, 2025, Amos released a surprise album,The Music of Tori and the Muses, as a companion project to her illustrated children's bookTori and the Muses, published on March 4. The album featured nine original songs and featured Jon Evans on bass guitar and Matt Chamberlain on drums. Touring drummer Ash Soan featured on drums on the tracks "Knocking", "Spike's Lament", and "Rain Brings Change".[85]
Amos and her music have been the subject of numerous official and unofficial books, as well as academic critique, includingTori Amos: Lyrics (2001) illustrated by Herb Leonhard, and an earlier biography,Tori Amos: All These Years (1996) by Kalen Rogers.[86][87][88]
Released in conjunction withThe Beekeeper, Amos co-authored an autobiography with rock music journalistAnn Powers titledPiece by Piece (2005). The book's subject is Amos' interest in mythology and religion, exploring her songwriting process, rise to fame, and her relationship with Atlantic Records.[89][90]
Image Comics releasedComic Book Tattoo (2008),[91] a collection ofcomic stories, each based on or inspired by songs recorded by Amos. Editor Rantz Hoseley worked with Amos to gather 80 different artists for the book, includingNeil Gaiman, Carla Speed McNeil, Mark Buckingham, C.B. Cebulski, Nikki Cook, Hope Larson, John Ney Reiber, Ryan Kelly,Pia Guerra,David Mack, andLeah Moore.[92]
Tori Amos: In the Studio (2011) by Jake Brown features an in-depth look at Amos' career, discography, and recording process.[93]Sing Us a Song, Piano Woman: Female Fans and the Music of Tori Amos (2013) by Adrienne Trier-Bieniek explores the ways women are represented in pop culture and the many-layered relationships female fans build with feminist musicians in general and with Tori Amos in particular.[94]
Tori Amos' Boys for Pele (2018) by Amy Gentry uses a blend of memoir, criticism, and aesthetic theory in order to argue that the aesthetics of disgust are useful of thinking in a broader way about women's experience of all art forms.[95] Amos released her second memoir, calledResistance: A Songwriter's Story of Hope, Change, and Courage on May 5, 2020.[96][97]
Tori Amos: Little Earthquakes (2022) by Tori Amos and Neil Gaiman is an official graphic novel celebrating 30 years of Tori Amos' breakout albumLittle Earthquakes.[98]
Written by Amos and illustrated by Demelsa Haughton, the children's bookTori and the Muses will be released on March 4, 2025.[99]
Amos married Englishsound engineer Mark Hawley on February 22, 1998.[19] They have one daughter, Natashya Lórien Hawley, born September 5, 2000. They live inBude, UK.
Amos's mother, Mary Ellen, died on May 11, 2019.[100]
Early in her professional career, Amos befriended authorNeil Gaiman, who became a fan after she referred to him in the song "Tear in Your Hand" and also in print interviews.[101][102] Although created before the two met, the characterDelirium from Gaiman'sThe Sandman series is inspired by Amos; Gaiman has stated that they "steal shamelessly from each other".[103] She wrote the foreword to his collectionDeath: The High Cost of Living; he in turn wrote the introduction toComic Book Tattoo. Gaiman is godfather to her daughter, and a poem written for her birth, "Blueberry Girl", was published as a children'sbook of the same name in 2009.[104] In 2019, Amos performed the Britishstandard "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square"[105] over the closing credits of season one of Gaiman's TV seriesGood Omens, based on thenovel of the same name written by Gaiman andTerry Pratchett.
In June 1994, theRape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN), a toll-free help line in the US connecting callers with their local rape crisis center, was founded. Amos stated in a 1994 interview that she was raped at knife point when she was 22 and did not report the incident to the authorities.[106] She answered the ceremonial first call to launch the hotline.[107] She was the first national spokesperson for the organization and has continued to be closely associated with RAINN.[108] On August 18, 2013, a concert in honor of her 50th birthday was held, an event which raised money for RAINN.[109] On August 22, 2020, Amos appeared on a panel called Artistry & Activism at the diversity and inclusion digital global conference CARLA.[110][111]
Amos has frequently referred to Native American culture, history, and spirituality in her music and visual art, as well as making personal connections with the culture. She has spoken about ancestors on her mother's side she said were ofCherokee descent.[112]
Of particular importance to her as a child was her maternal grandfather, Calvin Clinton Copeland, whom she has cited as a great source of inspiration and guidance, offering apantheistic spiritual alternative to her father and paternal grandmother's traditional Christianity.[113] She has said her great-grandmother evaded theTrail of Tears by taking refuge in theGreat Smoky Mountains, her family's place of residence.[14][114] Amos took a trip through the Smokies which formed the creative basis for her albumNative Invader.[115] While talking toThe Guardian about takingAyahuasca and attendingsweatlodge ceremonies with her sister, Amos has also said, "I'm not in a position to speak for First Nation people – that's a sacred task."[115]
Artists who have been influenced and/or admire Amos's work includeAlanis Morissette,[116]Amy Lee ofEvanescence,[117]Olly Alexander ofYears & Years,[118]Justin Timberlake,[119]Olivia Rodrigo,[120]Leighton Meester,[121] andJack Colwell.[122]
Studio albums
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Amos, who has been performing in bars and clubs from as early as 1976 and under her professional name as early as 1991, has performed more than 1,000 shows since her first world tour in 1992.[123] In 2003, Amos was voted fifth best touring act by the readers ofRolling Stone magazine.[124] Her concerts are notable for their changing set lists from night to night.[125]
On May 21, 2020, Amos was invited to and gave special remarks at her alma materJohns Hopkins University's 2020 Commencement ceremony.[159] Other notable guest speakers during the virtual ceremony included Reddit co-founder and commencement speakerAlexis Ohanian; philanthropist and former New York City MayorMichael Bloomberg;Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a leading member of theWhite House Coronavirus Task Force; and senior class president Pavan Patel.[160]
Amos appears as a wedding singer in the filmMona Lisa Smile.[161] She had previously auditioned for a role as a member of Beverly's band, Cherry Bomb, in the 1986 filmHoward the Duck.[162]
Amos performed a cover ofR.E.M.'s "Losing My Religion", as well as the original song "Butterfly", for the soundtrack ofJohn Singleton's 1995 filmHigher Learning. Her song "Talula" was featured in the epic disaster filmTwister (1996). "Professional Widow" was featured in the action filmEscape from L.A. (1996). "Siren" was featured in the romantic dramaGreat Expectations (1998). The songs "'Murder' He Says" and "You Belong To Me" were featured in the filmsMona Lisa Smile (2003). "Flicker" was featured in the filmAudrie & Daisy (2016).
Numerous songs of hers have been included in television series soundtracks.[163] Some examples include:
