| Topsy-Turvy | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Mike Leigh |
| Written by | Mike Leigh |
| Produced by | Simon Channing Williams |
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Dick Pope |
| Edited by | Robin Sales |
| Music by | |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Pathé Distribution |
Release dates |
|
Running time | 160 minutes[1] |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $7.2 million[2][3] |
Topsy-Turvy is a 1999 Britishmusicalperiod drama film written and directed byMike Leigh, starringJim Broadbent asW. S. Gilbert andAllan Corduner asSir Arthur Sullivan, along withTimothy Spall,Lesley Manville andRon Cook. The story concerns the 15-month period in 1884 and 1885 leading up to the premiere ofGilbert and Sullivan'sThe Mikado. The film focuses on the creative conflict between playwright and composer, and their decision to continue their partnership, which led to their creation of several moreSavoy operas.
The film received very favourable reviews, film festival awards and twoAcademy Awards for design. While it is considered an artistic success as an in-depth illustration of British life in the theatre during theVictorian era, the film did not recover its production costs. Leigh cast actors who did their own singing in the film, and the singing performances were faulted by some critics, while others lauded Leigh's strategy.
On the opening night ofPrincess Ida at theSavoy Theatre in January 1884, the composer Sir Arthur Sullivan, ill from kidney disease, is barely able to make it to the theatre to conduct. He goes on a holiday tothe continent hoping that the rest will improve his health. While he is away, ticket sales and audiences at the Savoy Theatre wilt in the hot summer weather. ProducerRichard D'Oyly Carte has called on Sullivan and the dramatistW. S. Gilbert to create a new piece for the Savoy, but it is not ready whenIda closes. Until a new piece can be prepared, Carte revives an earlier Gilbert and Sullivan work,The Sorcerer.
Gilbert's idea for their next opera involves a transformative magic lozenge, which Sullivan feels is too similar to the magic potion and other magic talismans used in previous operas[a] and mechanical in its reliance on a supernatural device. Sullivan, under pressure from the British musical establishment to write more serious music, says he longs for something that is "probable", centers on "human interest", and is not dependent on magic. Gilbert sees nothing wrong with his libretto and refuses to write a new one, resulting in a standoff. The impasse is resolved after Gilbert and his wife visita popular exhibition of Japanese arts and crafts inKnightsbridge, London.[b] When thekatana sword he purchases there noisily falls off the wall of his study, he is inspired to write a libretto set in exotic Japan. Sullivan likes the idea and agrees to compose the music for it.
Gilbert, Sullivan and Carte work to makeThe Mikado a success, and many glimpses of rehearsals and stressful backstage preparations for the show follow: cast members lunch together before attempting to negotiate their salaries. Gilbert brings in Japanese girls from the exhibition to teach the ladies' chorus how to walk and use fans in the Japanese manner. The principal cast react to the fittings of their costumes designed byC. Wilhelm. The cast objects to Gilbert's proposed cut of the title character's Act Two solo, "A more humane Mikado," persuading the playwright to restore it. The actors face first-night jitters in their dressing rooms. FinallyThe Mikado is ready to open. As usual, Gilbert is too nervous to watch the opening performance and paces the streets. Returning to the theatre, he finds that the new opera is a resounding success.
Film professorWheeler Winston Dixon wrote that the film "uses the conventions of the biographical narrative film to expose the ruthlessness and insularity of the Victorian era, at the same time as it chronicles, with great fidelity, the difficulties of a working relationship in the creative arts. ...Topsy-Turvy is an investigation into the social, political, sexual and theatrical economies of the Victorian era".[5]
While the film deals primarily with the production ofThe Mikado, it depicts many aspects of 1880s British life and society, some based on historical episodes. Scenes showGeorge Grossmith's use ofmorphine;Leonora Braham's alcoholism and single motherhood;Jessie Bond's health issues, including an abscess on her leg that does not heal; Sullivan's visit to a French brothel[c] and his relationship with his longtimemistress,Fanny Ronalds, implying that she obtains an abortion; three actors' discussion of thedestruction of the British garrison atKhartoum by theMahdi; a private salon concert; a conversation about the use ofnicotine by women; and Gilbert being accosted outside the theatre on opening night by an elderly prostitute. The film also depicts the Savoy Theatre as having electric lighting; it was the first public building in Britain, and one of the first of any kind, to be lit entirely by electricity.[7] Another scene shows an early use of the telephone. During costume fittings, the actors protest at having to perform without theircorsets for the sake of accuracy.[8]
Principal photography took place at3 Mills Studios in London beginning 29 June 1998 and completed shooting on 24 October.[9] Location shooting took place in London and Hertfordshire, and scenes which took place at the Savoy Theatre were filmed at the Richmond Theatre inRichmond, London. The film's budget was $20,000,000.[10]
In the United States, the film grossed $31,387 on its opening weekend and $6,208,548 in total.[11] In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £139,700 on its opening weekend[12] and £610,634 ($1 million) in total.[3]
The film received very positive reviews from critics. OnRotten Tomatoes, the film has a 90% "Fresh" score based on 88 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's consensus states: "Dressed to the nines in exquisite production value and buoyed by Mike Leigh's sardonic wit,Topsy-Turvy is rich entertainment that is as brainy as it is handsome."[13]Metacritic reports a 90 out of 100 rating based on 31 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[14]
Janet Maslin ofThe New York Times foundTopsy-Turvy "grandly entertaining", "one of those films that create a mix of erudition, pageantry and delectable acting opportunities, much asShakespeare in Love did".[15] She continued:
Topsy-Turvy ... is much bigger than their story. Its aspirations are thrilling in their own right. Mr. Leigh's gratifyingly long view of life in the theatre (Gilbert has a dentist who tells himPrincess Ida could have been shorter) includes not only historical and biographical details but also the painstaking process of creating a Gilbert and Sullivan production from the ground up. The film details all this with the luxury of a leisurely pace, as opposed to a slow one.[15]
Richard Schickel inTime magazine described the film as "one of the year's more beguiling surprises" and a "somewhat comic, somewhat desperate, very carefully detailed" story given "heartfelt heft" in the way it depicts how rehearsing and putting on a comic opera "takes over everyone's life".[16] According toPhilip French inThe Observer, "Topsy-Turvy is not a conventional biographical film. ... [It] is an opulently mounted, warm-hearted celebration of two great artists and of a dedicated group of actors, backstage personnel and front-of-house figures working together." French also calls the film "a rare treat, thanks toDick Pope's photography,Eve Stewart's production design andLindy Hemming's costumes", with "great music orchestrated byCarl Davis."[17] ForRoger Ebert, it was "one of the year's best films."[18]
Topsy-Turvy ranks 481st onEmpire's 2008 list of the 500 greatest films of all time.[19]
At the72nd Academy Awards,Topsy-Turvy received theAcademy Award for Best Costume Design and theAcademy Award for Best Makeup, and was nominated forBest Art Direction andBest Original Screenplay.[20]
The film also wonBest Make Up/Hair at the53rd British Academy Film Awards[21] and was nominated forBest British Film,Best Actor in a Leading Role (Jim Broadbent),Best Supporting Actor (Timothy Spall) andBest Original Screenplay. Broadbent also won theVolpi Cup for Best Actor at the56th Venice International Film Festival, and the film was nominated for theGolden Lion at the same festival.[22]
Topsy-Turvy won the Best British Film Award at theEvening Standard British Film Awards,Best Film (shared withSpike Jonze'sBeing John Malkovich) andBest Director at the1999 National Society of Film Critics Awards,[citation needed] andBest Picture andBest Director at the1999 New York Film Critics Circle Awards.[9][23]
A digitally restored version of the film, released onDVD andBlu-ray byThe Criterion Collection in March 2011, includes anaudio commentary featuring director Leigh; a new video conversation between Leigh and musical directorGary Yershon; Leigh's 1992short filmA Sense of History, written by and starring actorJim Broadbent;deleted scenes; and a featurette from 1999 including interviews with Leigh and cast members.[24][25]
Another film treating the Gilbert and Sullivan partnership isThe Story of Gilbert and Sullivan (1951), and in the short 1950 filmThe Return of Gilbert and Sullivan, Gilbert and Sullivan contemporarily appear to protest the jazz treatment of their operas. Stage shows about the duo includeKnights of Song, which premiered in 1938 onBroadway,[26]Dr Sullivan and Mr Gilbert (1993), and the musicalsThe Savoyards, by Donald Madgwick (1971);Tarantara Tarantara, by Ian Taylor (1975); andSullivan and Gilbert, byKen Ludwig (1983).[27]
Total gross $964,667; $1=£0.633
