Top Gun was released in the United States on May 16, 1986,[5][6] The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its visual effects and soundtrack, but criticism for its screenplay andmilitary propaganda. Despite this, four weeks after its release, the number of theaters showing it increased by 45 percent,[6] and it overcame initial critical resistance to become a huge commercial hit, grossing $357.4 million dollars globally against a production budget of $15 million.Top Gun was the highest-grossing domestic film of 1986,[7][8] as well as thehighest-grossing film of 1986 worldwide.
The film maintained its popularity over the years and earned anIMAX 3D re-release in 2013, while the retrospective critical reception became more positive, with the film also emerging as acult classic. Additionally, thesoundtrack to the film has since become one of the most popular film soundtracks to date, reaching9× Platinum certification. The film won both anAcademy Award and aGolden Globe for "Take My Breath Away" performed byBerlin.[9]
In 2015, the United StatesLibrary of Congress selected the film for preservation in theNational Film Registry, finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[10] A sequel,Top Gun: Maverick, in which Cruise and Kilmer reprised their roles, was released 36 years later on May 27, 2022, to widespread critical acclaim[11] and commercial success.[12]
U.S. NavyNaval AviatorLieutenantPete "Maverick" Mitchell and hisRadar Intercept Officer (RIO)Lieutenant Junior Grade Nick "Goose" Bradshaw, stationed in theIndian Ocean aboardUSS Enterprise, fly theF-14A Tomcat. During an interception with two hostileMiG-28s,[a] Maverick missile-locks on one, while the other hostile locks onto Maverick's wingman, Cougar. Maverick drives it off, but Cougar is so shaken that Maverick, despite being low on fuel, defies orders to land first, so he can shepherd him back to the carrier. As a result, Cougar resigns his commission, and loses his opportunity to attendTop Gun, the Naval Fighter Weapons School atNaval Air Station Miramar. Maverick and Goose are sent in his place byCAG "Stinger," but not without getting a reprimand for disobeying the landing order.
Before the first day of instruction, Maverick unsuccessfully approaches a woman at a bar. He learns the next day she is anastrophysicist and civilian Top Gun instructor, Charlotte "Charlie" Blackwood. She becomes interested in Maverick upon learning of his inverted maneuver with a MiG-28. In Maverick's first training hop, he flies below 10,000 feet (3,000 m), breaking a majorrule of engagement, to defeat instructor Lieutenant Commander Rick "Jester" Heatherly. Maverick and Goose also buzz the control tower when specifically told not to do so. They are reprimanded by the Top Gun Commanding Officer, Commander Mike "Viper" Metcalf.
Privately, Jester tells Viper that while he admires Maverick's skill, he is not sure if he would trust him in combat. In class, Charlie objects to Maverick's aggressive tactics against the MiG-28, but privately tells him she admires his flying; they begin a romantic relationship.
On training Hop 19, Maverick abandons his wingman, "Hollywood," to chase Viper. As a result, first Hollywood, and then Maverick, are defeated in a demonstration of the value of teamwork. Jester tells Maverick his flying is excellent, but criticizes him for leaving his wingman. Maverick's rival, Lieutenant Tom "Iceman" Kazansky, calls his behavior "foolish," "dangerous," and worse than the enemy, to which Maverick responds, "I am dangerous."
Maverick and Iceman, the leading contenders for the Top Gun Trophy, chase anA-4 in Hop 31. As Iceman has trouble getting a lock on the A-4, Maverick pressures him to break off so that he can move into firing position. However, Maverick's F-14 flies through Iceman'sjet wash and suffers aflameout of both engines, going into an unrecoverableflat spin. Maverick and Gooseeject, but Goose slams into the jettisonedaircraft canopy and is killed by the impact.
The board of inquiry clears Maverick of any wrongdoing, but he is shaken and guilt-ridden, and considers quitting. He seeks advice from Viper, who flew with Maverick's father in theVietnam War air battle where he was killed. Contrary to official reports faulting Mitchell, Viper says he died heroically. He tells Maverick he can succeed if he regains his self-confidence. Maverick chooses to graduate and congratulates Iceman, who has won the Top Gun Trophy. Iceman, Hollywood, and Maverick receive immediate deployment orders to deal with a crisis situation; they are sent toEnterprise to provide air support for the rescue of the SSLayton, a disabled communication ship that drifted into hostile waters.
AboardEnterprise, Iceman and Hollywood are assigned to provide air cover, with Maverick and RIO Merlin on standby. Iceman expresses his concerns to Stinger about Maverick's mental state, but is told to just do his job. Iceman and Hollywood are pulled into adogfight with what first appear to be two MiGs, but turn out to be six. After Hollywood is shot down and parachutes to safety, Maverick is scrambled alone due to catapult failure. He goes into a spin after encountering another jet wash, but recovers. Shaken, he breaks off temporarily, but then re-engages and shoots down three MiGs. Iceman destroys a fourth, and the remaining two MiGs withdraw. Upon their triumphant return toEnterprise, the pilots share their newfound respect for one another. Finally confident and able to let go of the guilt caused by the training accident, Maverick later throws Goose'sdog tags overboard.
Offered the choice of any assignment, Maverick chooses to return to Top Gun as an instructor. He and Charlie reunite at a bar in Miramar.
Val Kilmer as LT Tom "Iceman" Kazansky: Top Gun's best student and Maverick's rival turned wingman.
Anthony Edwards asLTJG Nick "Goose" Bradshaw: Maverick's radar intercept officer and best friend.
Tom Skerritt asCDR Mike "Viper" Metcalf: Commanding officer and instructor of Top Gun. A veteran of theVietnam War who served with Duke Mitchell, Maverick's father. The character was based on a real person: Rear AdmiralPete "Viper" Pettigrew, a former Navy aviator, Vietnam War veteran and Top Gun instructor, who served as a technical advisor on the film and also makes a cameo appearance in the film as a colleague of Charlie's.
Michael Ironside asLCDR Rick "Jester" Heatherly: A Naval Aviator, and Top Gun instructor
John Stockwell as LT Bill "Cougar" Cortell: Maverick's former wingman
Rick Rossovich as LTJG Ron "Slider" Kerner: Iceman's radar intercept officer
Tim Robbins as LTJG Sam "Merlin" Wells: Cougar's radar intercept officer (later Maverick's during the climax)
Clarence Gilyard as LTJG Marcus "Sundown" Williams: Chipper's radar intercept officer (later Maverick's during the end of training)
Whip Hubley as LT Rick "Hollywood" Neven: A student from Top Gun and Iceman's wingman during the climax
The primary inspiration for the film was the article "Top Guns" by Ehud Yonay, from the May 1983 issue ofCalifornia magazine, which featured aerial photography by then-Lieutenant Commander Charles "Heater" Heatley.[15][16] The article detailed the life of fighter pilots atNaval Air Station Miramar inSan Diego, self-nicknamed "Fightertown USA".[17] Numerous screenwriters allegedly turned down the project.[15] Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson went on to hire Jim Cash and Jack Epps Jr., to write the first draft. The research methods, by Epps, included attendance at several declassified Top Gun classes at Miramar and gaining experience by being flown in an F-14. The first draft failed to impress Bruckheimer and Simpson, and is considered to be very different from the final product in numerous ways.[18]David Cronenberg andJohn Carpenter were approached to direct the film, but both declined.[19][20] Tony Scott was hired to direct on the strength of a commercial he had done for Swedish automakerSaab in the early 1980s, where aSaab 900 turbo is shown racing aSaab 37 Viggen fighter jet.[21]
Val Kilmer was reluctant to play Kazansky as he found the script "silly" and disliked warmongering in films, but took the role as he was under contractual obligations with the studio and Scott's enthusiasm on the project.[28][29] Kilmer's role however, turned out to be one of his best performances upon release.[30]
The producers wanted the assistance of the U.S. Navy in the production of the film. The Navy was influential in relation to script approval, which resulted in changes being made.[31] The opening dogfight was moved to international waters as opposed toCuba, the language was toned down, and a scene that involved a crash on the deck of an aircraft carrier was also scrapped.[32] Maverick's love interest was also changed from a female enlisted member of the Navy to a civilian contractor with the Navy, due to the U.S. military's prohibition of fraternization between officers and enlisted personnel.[15] The "Charlie" character also replaced an aerobics instructor from an early draft as a love interest for Maverick after producers were introduced toChristine "Legs" Fox, a civilian mathematician employed by theCenter for Naval Analyses as a specialist in Maritime Air Superiority (MAS), developing tactics for aircraft carrier defense.[14]
F-14A Tomcats of Fighter SquadronsVF-51 "Screaming Eagles" andVF-111 "Sundowners", and F-5E/F Tiger IIs of the Navy Fighter Weapons School, 1985
Filming began inOceanside, California, on June 26, 1985, with it later moving to Miramar to begin shooting scenes on the aircraft.[1] The Navy made aircraft and crew fromCarrier Air Wing Fifteen (CVW-15) available for the movie, which then consisted of F-14 squadronsVF-51 "Screaming Eagles" (which Mike "Viper" Metcalf mentions in the scene at his home) andVF-111 "Sundowners" (which was referenced by Marcus "Sundown" Williams' callsign and helmet design).[33] Paramount paid as much as US$7,800 per hour (equivalent to $22,100 in 2023) for fuel and other operating costs whenever aircraft were flown outside their normal duties. After filming wrapped up, one of the aircraft used (BuNo 160694) was sent to theUSSLexington Museum inCorpus Christi, Texas, where it resides today.[34] Aside from the aircraft of CVW-15, F-14s of other squadrons made background appearances. Aircraft ofVF-114 "Aardvarks" andVF-213 "Blacklions" appear in shots of the carrier sequences filmed aboard theEnterprise,[35] while the fleet ofVF-1 "Wolfpack" is visible in shots taken at Miramar. The majority of the carrier flight deck shots were of normal aircraft operations and the film crew had to take what they could get, save for the occasional flyby which the film crew would request. During filming, director Tony Scott wanted to film aircraft landing and taking off, back-lit by the sun. During one particular filming sequence, the ship's commanding officer changed the ship's course, thus changing the light. When Scott asked if they could continue on their previous course and speed, he was informed by the commander that it cost US$25,000 (equivalent to $71,000 in 2023) to turn the ship, and to continue on course. Scott wrote the carrier's captain a check so that the ship could be turned and he could continue shooting for another five minutes.[36]
FutureNASAastronautScott Altman was among the pilots of VF-51[37] who flew F-14 aircraft for many of the film's stunt sequences, having been recently stationed atNAS Miramar at the time of filming. Altman was the pilot seen "flipping the bird" in the film's well-known opening sequence, as well as piloting the aircraft shown "buzzing the tower" throughout the film.[38][39] The infamous "buzzing the tower" sequence raised concern among residents who called the base and local news media to report a "berserk pilot".[40]
Most of the sequences of the aircraft maneuvering over land were shot atNaval Air Station Fallon, inNevada, using ground-mounted cameras.[1][41] The majority of air-to-air filming was done using aLearjet.[1] The F-14s also had cameras mounted both inside the cockpit and on six external camera mounts, which were built byGrumman for filmingThe Final Countdown and modified for use onTop Gun.[1]
The fictitious MIG-28 enemy aircraft was depicted by theNorthrop F-5.[42]
The film was shot in theSuper 35 format, as anamorphic lenses were too large to fit inside the cockpits of the fighter jets.[43]
Reshoots afterTop Gun's filming wrapped conflicted withMade in Heaven, in which McGillis starred with brown hair.Top Gun's filmmakers were forced to hide her hair color, which for example resulted in the scene shot in an elevator featured McGillis in a baseball cap.[44][45] While filming her scenes, McGillis had to be shoeless to match Cruise's height.[46]
Renowned aerobatic pilotArt Scholl was hired to do in-flight camera work for the film. The original script called for aflat spin, which Scholl was to perform and capture on a camera on the aircraft. The aircraft was observed to spin through its recovery altitude, at which time Scholl radioed "I have a problem... I have a real problem". He was unable to recover from the spin and crashed hisPitts Special biplane into thePacific Ocean off the Southern California coast nearCarlsbad on September 16, 1985. Neither Scholl's body nor his aircraft were recovered, leaving the official cause of the accident unknown.[47] The film was dedicated to Scholl's memory.[48]
The San Diego restaurant and barKansas City Barbeque served as a filming location for two scenes shot in July 1985. The first scene features Goose and Maverick singing "Great Balls of Fire" while seated at the piano. The final scene, where "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" can be heard on the restaurant'sWurlitzer jukebox, was also filmed at the restaurant. Both scenes were filmed consecutively. After the release of the movie, the restaurant went on to collect a significant amount of memorabilia from the motion picture until a kitchen fire on June 26, 2008, destroyed much of the restaurant. Some memorabilia and props, including the original piano used in the film, survived the fire, and the restaurant re-opened in November 2008.[49]
In 1985, Paramount Pictures rented the Graves House, now commonly called theTop Gun House, a historic San DiegoFolk Victorian/Queen Anne cottage located at 102 North Pacific Street, and used it as the home for Charlotte 'Charlie' Blackwood.[50] Charlie's backyard scenes were filmed at another house located at 112 First Street (Seagaze Drive) that was behind The Graves House.[51] In May 2020, The Graves House was relocated and later renovated into a pie shop called High Pie located at 250 North Pacific Street.[52]
Other artists were considered for the soundtrack project but did not participate.Bryan Adams was considered as a potential candidate but refused to participate because he felt the film glorified war.[55] The bandToto was originally meant to record "Danger Zone", and had also written and recorded a song "Only You" for the soundtrack. However, there was a dispute between Toto's lawyers and the producers of the film, paving the way for Loggins to record "Danger Zone" and "Only You" being omitted from the film entirely.[56]
In 2024, the specialized film music label La-La Land Records released a two-CD set of the soundtrack. The second disc contains the same tracks that have been made available on previous editions. But the first disc contains the complete instrumental score by Harold Faltermeyer which is officially available for the first time (only the "Top Gun Anthem" ended on the first edition of the soundtrack album with the "Memories" track added years later on the expanded and deluxe editions).[57]
The film's premiere was held in New York City on May 12, 1986,[58] with another held in San Diego on May 15.[59]
The film opened in the United States and Canada in 1,028 theaters on May 16, 1986, a week prior to theMemorial Day weekend, which was considered a gamble at the time.[3][60]
In addition to its box office success,Top Gun went on to break further records in the then still-developing home video market. It was the first new-release blockbuster onVHS to be priced as low as $26.95 and, backed by a massive $8 million marketing campaign, including aTop Gun-themedDiet Pepsi commercial,[61][62][63][64] the advance demand was such that the film became the best-selling VHS in the industry's history on pre-orders alone, with over 1.9 million units ordered before its launch on March 11, 1987.[65] It eventually sold a record 2.9 million units.[66] In 1995, the film premiered on aTHX certifiedLaserDisc with aDolby Digital AC-3 track.[67] A Widescreen VHS release was released on September 10, 1996.[68]
The film was first released in the U.S. onDVD under Paramount Pictures on October 20, 1998, and included the film in both Widescreen (non-anamorphicUnivisium 2.00:1) and Full Screen (open matte) versions.[citation needed]Top Gun's home video success was again reflected by strong DVD sales, which were furthered by a Special Collector's Edition 2-disc DVD release on December 14, 2004, in both Widescreen (anamorphic 2.39:1) and Full Screen (open matte) versions, that include new bonus features. Special features compriseaudio commentary by Bruckheimer, Tony Scott and naval experts, fourmusic videos including the "Top Gun Anthem" and "Take My Breath Away", a six-part documentary on the making ofTop Gun, and vintage gallery with interviews, behind-the-scenes and survival trainingfeaturettes.[69]
Subsequently, the film was first released on a Special Collector's EditionBlu-ray disc on July 29, 2008, with the same supplemental features as the previous 2004 DVD.[70] A 2-disc limited edition3D copy was issued on February 19, 2013.[71] The remastered4K Ultra HD version of the film was released in Digital format on May 13, 2020, with the Blu-ray following on May 19, 2020.[72] It included two new special features titledThe Legacy of Top Gun andOn Your Six: Thirty Years of Top Gun, with the remaining bonus features carrying over from previous versions.[73]
Top Gun reached number one on the U.K.Official Film Chart based on DVD, Blu-ray, and download sales on the week ending on May 31, 2022.[74]
Top Gun was re-released inDolby Cinema and screened byAMC Theatres on 153 screens on May 13, 2021. On the first weekend it grossed a total of $248,000 ranking at number 10. It grossed a total of $433,000 in a ten-day period.[77]
The film quickly became a success and was the highest-grossing film of 1986. It would be six months before its theater count dropped below that of its opening week.[6] It was number one on its first weekend with a gross of $8.2 million, and went on to a total domestic gross of $176.8 million, and $177 million internationally, for a worldwide box office total of $353.8 million.[3] The film sold an estimated 47.65 million tickets in North America in its initial theatrical run.[79]
The film grossed an additional $3 million in its IMAX re-release in 2013, and an additional $471,982 in its 2021 re-release, bringing its domestic gross to $180.3 million and its worldwide gross to $358.3 million.[3]
OnRotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 59% based on reviews from 76 critics, with an average rating of 6.10/10. The website's critical consensus states: "Though it features some of the most memorable and electrifying aerial footage shot with an expert eye for action,Top Gun offers too little for non-adolescent viewers to chew on when its characters aren't in the air."[80] OnMetacritic, the film has aweighted average score of 50 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[81] Audiences surveyed byCinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[82]
Movies likeTop Gun are hard to review because the good parts are so good and the bad parts are so relentless. The dogfights are absolutely the best sinceClint Eastwood's electrifying aerial scenes inFirefox. But look out for the scenes where the people talk to one another.[83]
Gene Siskel of theChicago Tribune gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, praising the action sequences but criticizing the romantic subplot, writing that "it belongs in a teenage sex-fantasy film and not in a movie that deserves the genuine romantic value ofAn Officer and a Gentleman".[84] American film criticPauline Kael commented:
When McGillis is offscreen, the movie is a shiny homoerotic commercial: the pilots strut around the locker room, towels hanging precariously from their waists. It's as if masculinity had been redefined as how a young man looks with his clothes half off, and as if narcissism is what being a warrior is all about.[85]
Some critics have said that the film promotes Americanjingoism. FilmmakerOliver Stone toldPlayboy that the film "sold the idea that war is clean, war can be won… nobody in the movie ever mentions that he just started World War Three!" In 1990, Tom Cruise, while promoting Stone'sBorn on the Fourth of July, said the film should be taken as a "fairy tale" instead of real depiction of wars and added that it would have been irresponsible to make a sequel because the film gave a misleading view of war.[86] Cruise reprised his role in thesequel 36 years later, this time to mostly positive reviews.Val Kilmer, who was critical of warmongering in the first film, also returned for the sequel.[87]
Journalist and former F-14 RIO Ward Carroll considered the movie iconic and culturally relevant, even jokingly referring to it as "the greatest movie ever made".[88]: 02:18 [89] But while conceding the need for narrative and cinematographic liberties, he felt that the film had several "cringe-worthy technical errors that cause it to be as much cartoon as tribute".[89] Carroll identified 79 departures from naval aviation procedure, technical mistakes, and continuity errors in a 2019 article forMilitary.com.[89] TheYouTube creatorLegalEagle posted a video called "Military Laws Broken: Top Gun (with real JAG)", in which the film is reviewed with a veteranJudge Advocate General lawyer, which discusses that the film takes considerable liberties concerning US Military and Naval regulations and laws that are violated. For instance, Maverick's buzzing the air control towers would in real life have likely resulted in his flight status being immediately revoked, while other offenses committed would likely have had the pilot being punished with the death penalty if committed during a time of war.[90]
Film producerJohn Davis said thatTop Gun was a recruiting video for the Navy, and that people saw the movie and said, "Wow! I want to be a pilot."[98] The Navy had recruitment booths in some theaters to attract enthusiastic patrons.[99][100] After the film's release, a popular claim arose that the number of young men who joined the Navy wanting to be naval aviators went up by 500%;[101] however, its accuracy has since been disputed, with modern analyses indicating a more modest total Navy enlistment increase of 8%.[102][103] The film helped rehabilitate the military's image following theVietnam War.[104]
In December 2024, Tom Cruise was awarded theDistinguished Public Service Award, which is the highest civilian honor given to private citizens by the US Navy for his "outstanding contributions" to the military through his appearances in military-related film.[107]
The film inspiredMisa Matsushima to become the first female fighter pilot in Japan. WhileJapan's Air Force started recruiting women in 1993, they were allowed only to bereconnaissance aircraft pilots. When the restriction was lifted in 2015, Matsushima immediately enrolled. "Ever since I saw the movie when I was inprimary school," explained Matsushima, "I have always admired fighter jet pilots."[108]
TheDisneyToon Studios filmPlanes (2013) pays homage toTop Gun with Kilmer and Edwards appearing in the film as part of the voice cast.[112]
Two Chinese war films, Sky Fighters (2011 film) andSky Hunter (2017), were based onTop Gun.[113][114]
On January 23, 2011, China's state broadcasterChina Central Television published a TV news story about the claimed efficiency of Chinese fighter pilots which incorporated footage from theTop Gun action sequences.[115]Chinese internet users noticed the plagiarism, whereupon the broadcast was immediately withdrawn. The CCTV has declined comments on this incident.[115]
A sequel,Top Gun: Maverick, was released on May 27, 2022, to critical and commercial success.[116] The sequel had been in active development since at least 2010.[117] By September 2014, it was revealed thatJustin Marks was in negotiations to write the screenplay,[118] which was confirmed in June 2015.[119] In May 2017, during the promotional tour forThe Mummy, Cruise confirmed that a sequel toTop Gun would start filming in 2018.[120] In June 2017, Cruise revealed that the sequel's title would beTop Gun: Maverick, with Faltermeyer returning as composer for the film. Scott was originally intended to return to direct the sequel, but had died by suicide on August 19, 2012.[121] Also in June 2017, it was announced thatJoseph Kosinski, who directed Cruise in 2013'sOblivion, was set to direct—withMaverick dedicated to Scott's memory[122]—and Kilmer was announced to reprise his role as Iceman.[123] McGillis was not asked to return for the sequel,[124] but appears in the film via archive footage. The Bradshaw family—Edwards, Ryan and the Weis twins—also appear via archive footage, whileMiles Teller plays their now-adult son, LT Bradley "Rooster" Bradshaw.
Top Gun also spawned a number ofvideo games for various platforms, while "I feel the need—the need for speed" started the car race series withThe Need For Speed.
Theoriginal game was released in 1986 under the same title as the film. It was released onCommodore 64,ZX Spectrum,Amstrad CPC, andAtari ST. Another game, also titledTop Gun, was released in 1987 forNintendo Entertainment System (NES) andNintendo VS. System arcade cabinets. In the 1987 game, the player pilots an F-14 Tomcat fighter, and has to complete four missions. A sequel,Top Gun: The Second Mission, was released for the NES three years later.
^Ward Carroll (December 15, 2011),"Q&A: Ward Carroll",C-SPAN website, interviewed byLamb, Brian,archived from the original on November 29, 2014, retrievedAugust 25, 2022,You remember the F-14, remember Top Gun, the greatest movie ever made? I know you would agree. Maverick and Goose, I was Goose.
^abcCarroll, Ward (July 22, 2019),"79 Cringeworthy Errors in 'Top Gun'",Military.com website,archived from the original on August 26, 2022, retrievedAugust 25, 2022,Paramount had a huge challenge when they decided to make 'Top Gun.' Real-life air-to-air combat doesn't lend itself to the silver screen in that it's super technical, very chaotic, and generally takes place at ranges that would prevent two jets from being in the frame at the same time.