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Tony Gaudio

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Italian-American cinematographer
Tony Gaudio
Tony Gaudio, ASC
Born
Gaetano Antonio Gaudio

(1883-11-20)November 20, 1883
DiedAugust 10, 1951(1951-08-10) (aged 67)
TitleA.S.C. president (1924–1925)
Board member ofA.S.C.
SpouseRosina Gaudio
Children
  • Francesco "Frank" Gaudio
  • Tony Gaudio
  • Elena Gaudio Hipple
  • Vera Gaudio Woods
RelativesEugene Gaudio (brother)
Awards1936Academy Award for Best Cinematography
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Gaetano (Tony) Gaudio,A.S.C. (20 November 1883 – 10 August 1951) was a pioneer Italian-Americancinematographer of more than 1000 films. Gaudio won theAcademy Award for Best Cinematography forAnthony Adverse, becoming the first Italian to have won an Oscar, and was nominated five additional times forHell's Angels,Juarez,The Letter,Corvette K-225, andA Song to Remember. He is cited as the first to have created amontage sequence for a film inThe Mark of Zorro. He was among the founders of theAmerican Society of Cinematographers, and served as president from 1924 until 1925.

Early life and education

[edit]

Born Gaetano Antonio Gaudio inCosenza, Italy in 1883 to a famous photographic family.[1] The son of one of Italy’s foremost photographic artists, the boy was quite literally brought up in the studio, where he learned at an early age to use the still camera and to develop negatives in the darkroom.[2] His father also gave him a liberal education in lenses, cameras, composition and the manipulation of lights so that when the time came to take up motion photography, the young Tony had a head full of useful information to start with.[2]

At two months old, Tony’s family moved from Cosenza to Rome for a short period in order for Tony to attend art school.[3] He is indebted to his art training for his later interest in the camera as a medium of art, as opposed to a mere recording instrument.[3] Tony was hardly nine years old when he began to play with photographic papers, making his own enlargements.[4] After attending art school in Rome, he became an assistant to his father and older brother, Rafael (Ralph) Gaudio, a prominent portrait photographer in Italy who later became president of the Society of Photography in Europe, and was nominated asKnight of the Crown in Italy for photographic achievement.[4]

Then it became necessary to take time out from the photographic side of his education to go to military school.[4] It was 1900 when he bade good-bye to the army and returned home, where he worked as an apprentice alongside his younger brotherEugenio (Eugene) Gaudio[5] in the family photography studio owned by Rafael, "Foto Gaudio",[4] in the historic center of the Calabrian city.

Career

[edit]

Italy

[edit]

Eventually he segued into cinema, starting with several years with the famousAmbrosio Films inTorino[4]- a film company popular in Italy in the early days of cinema. In 1903, 19-year-old Tony filmed “Napoleon Crossing the Alps”. Years later in aNew York Times interview, Tony remembered that his only lighting problem in this film was the sun, which kept ducking behind the clouds. “It was quite bad,” Mr. Gaudio recalled.[1] A young Gaudio shot hundreds of short subjects for Italian film companies, two or three features a week,[3] before emigrating to America in 1906 at the age of 22[5] together with his brother Eugene, who would follow him to the United States.[6]

New York

[edit]

In 1906 a young Gaudio arrived in the United States, moving to New York City. Tony was employed by Al Simpson to produce "song slides" that could be shown in theaters so patrons could sing along with the music.[7] Twelve hand-colored slides were made for each new popular or near popular song.[4] After quitting Simpson in 1908, Tony worked inVitagraph’s film development laboratories in New York.[8] It was in 1908 that Tony acted as the cinematographer for his first film in the United States, Madame Nicotine.[1] In 1909 the photographer moved toFlatbush — which is now as for many years it has been a part of Brooklyn — where he took full charge of theVitagraph laboratory.[4]

Frame from the previously lost 1911 film Pictureland

Then he moved across the Brooklyn Bridge toCarl Laemmle’sIndependent Moving Picture CO., supervising the construction of IMP’s New York laboratories.[2] He had complete charge of both positive and negative departments until perfectly organized when he was promoted to be astudio manager.[2] From 1910-1912 he became the Chief of Cinematography at IMP, shooting one picture a week and fifty a year.[3] The leading players in theEleventh Avenue studio at that time wereMary Pickford,King Baggot,Joe Smiley, andOwen Moore, among others.[4] There, he shotMary Pickford’s films for directorThomas H. Ince. In addition to being her cameraman, Gaudio also wroteFor the Queen’s Honor (1911), using his writing skills from the many films he wrote and directed in Italy before then.[3] With IMP in 1910, Tony pioneered filming underwater, shooting the first submarine picture, titled “Submarine”.[3] He went down in a submarine atNewport News in Virginia, taking pictures inside asubmersible vessel.[1]

He then left IMP to work forBiograph, a studio established inBrooklyn Heights, where he was engaged with the specials the company was making forKlaw and Erlanger, stage producers in New York. Among these specials wereStrongheart, andClassmates, with Blanche Sweet and Marshall Nielan.[2] Together, the stage and screen men were adapting plays, one of the earliest instances in which a staged play was converted to the screen. Gaudio remained here until 1915.[4] Gaudio found a home at Metro Pictures by 1916, where his brother Eugene now worked as a director.[7]

Hollywood

[edit]

In 1916, Gaudio made the transition to California with a troupe of the earlyMetro Company,[4] one of the three organizations which would later becomeMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer, whereEugene now worked as a director.[7] In his unit wereHarold Lockwood andMay Allison, headed byRichard (Dick) Rowland.[4] At Metro, Tony shot 10 films for directorFred J. Balshofer,[7] produced byYorke Film Corporation. Following the death of Lockwood in a flu epidemic, Gaudio joined forces withAlan Dwan’s company for such pictures asThe Forbidden Thing, andThe Sin of Martha. Dawn would also loan would loan Gaudio toR.K.O. in order to photograph the company’s first production,[4]Kismet (1920), withOtis Skinner.

1920s

[edit]
In Old Kentucky (1919): (from left) cinematographer Henry Cronjager, assistant director Alfred E. Green, director Marshall Neilan, and cinematographer Tony Gaudio

Beginning in 1919 and transitioning into the 1920s, Gaudio began his collaboration withFirst National Pictures, starting with films A Man of Honor,In Wrong,The Red Lantern, andHer Kingdom of Dreams andIn Old Kentucky. In 1920, Gaudio photographedDouglas FairbanksThe Mark of Zorro, pioneering the use ofmontage.[7] In 1921, Gaudio photographed “A Bride of the Gods”, later known asShattered Idols.

The Brahman temple scenes in the film were said to be among the most artistic shots ever made.[9]

Still from the American drama filmShattered Idols (1922)

Over 1,500,000 candle-power were employed to light up this set, the greater part of the light being supplied by the fifteen sunlight arcs.[9] Gaudio also used four generator sets on the scene.[9] ProducerJ.L. Frothingham was so pleased with Gaudio’s work on this film that he retained him for his next project,The Woman He Loved.[9] In total, Gaudio and Frothingham collaborated five times onThe Ten Dollar Raise,The Other Woman, A Bride of the Gods,The Man Who Smiled and Pilgrim of Night.[10]

Tony Gaudio, August 1925

After this collaboration, Gaudio stayed withFirst National Pictures, joiningNorma Talmadge under the management of her husband and producer,Joseph Schenck.[11] He was also a cameraman for Norma’s sisterConstance Talmadge[10] inEast is West. Gaudio was given lavish praise for the photographic excellence ofSecrets,[12] directed byFrank Borzage, a long time future collaborator of Gaudio. Arrangements were made whereby he was “farmed out” to other large producers,[13] he having thus photographedJohn M. Stahl’sHusbands and Lovers,Corrine Griffith’sDéclassée, andMarion Davies inAdam and Eva.[14] For theCorrine Griffith production, the special arrangement was during the vacation of Norma Talmadge.[15] In total, Gaudio photographed 10 Talmadge films from 1922 to 1925[7] as Chief Cinematographer ofJoseph M. Schenck productions,[10] most notably withThe Eternal Flame,Secrets, andAshes of Vengeance.

Presidency
[edit]
The American Cinematographer. 1923-01 Vol. III no. 10 cover

In 1924, Tony Gaudio was elected president of theAmerican Society of Cinematographers, the highest honor at the disposal of the cinematographers.[10][16]A.S.C. is the professional body his brother had helped create to promote standardization in the industry of cinematography, serving as a body of information for cameramen.[7]

At the time of the election, A.S.C. cited Gaudio as one of the world’s foremost cinematographers and pioneers in the industry.[10] Gaudio held the position until 1925.

Director

[edit]

In 1925, Tony Gaudio turned to directing for a brief period of time, directing a total of two films. In July of 1925 it was announced that Gaudio would be directing the Waldorf special feature production in collaboration withColumbia Pictures,[16] starringAlice Lake andGaston Glass, with ASC’s Sam Landers as the cinematographer, titledThe Price of Success.[16]

The Price of Success (1925) with film director Tony Gaudio, Florence Turner, and Alice Lake

Gaudio’s direction of the Waldorf production did not interfere with his relations with Joseph M. Schenck. He continued as Chief Cinematographer for Norma Talmadge, filming her next feature and their last together, Graustark.[16] All eyes were on Gaudio for his directorial debut, and Schenck was impressed, clearing the way for Gaudio to direct his second feature film with Waldorf,Sealed Lips, starringDorothy Revier andCullen Landis.[13] Schenck waived Gaudio’s contract in what he hoped to be a promising directorial career for the camera veteran.[13]

Returning to the camera

[edit]

This directorial streak did not last for long, as Gaudio returnedMetro as a cinematographer in 1926 withThe Temptress, aGreta Garbo feature in which Tony lost the little finger of his left hand when he fell on the set.[3] Tony continued to work withFirst National forThe Blonde Saint,The Notorious Lady andAn Affair of the Follies, in addition to photographingThe Gaucho forFairbanks. Also with First National wasTwo Arabian Knights andThe Racket, both directed byLewis Milestone, for businessman and producerHoward Hughes in collaboration withUnited Artists. The Gaucho featured one of the earliest two-stripTechnicolor sequences.[8] Gaudio also shot two-stripTechnicolor scenes forOn with the Show! (1929) andGeneral Crack (1929) forWarner Bros.[8]On with the Show! was the first all-talking, all-color feature. WhenFirst National was acquired byWarner Bros. in 1928, Gaudio moved over to the new studio, signing a long-term contract with Warners in 1930.[7]

1930s

[edit]
Poster- Hell's Angels (1930)

Gaudio hit his stride after signing withWarner Bros. in 1930, shootingMervyn LeRoy’s gangster classicLittle Caesar (1931), in a harsh style that fit the gritty subject matter.[8] Gaudio contributed to two seminal war films in 1930, acting as second camera to A.S.C.’sArthur Edeson forAll Quiet on the Western Front, and as cinematographer forHell’s Angels (1930), handling the dialogue scenes with co-cinematographerHarry Perry as well as the aerial cinematography.[8]Hell’s Angels won Gaudio his firstOscar nomination forBest Cinematography, a picture that made records from the photographic side, as the film was exposed for two and a half years. By the time the picture was completed as a silent film, then came the revolution of sound.[4]

Throughout the 1930s, Gaudio collaborated with many directors repeatedly, all under the banner of Warner Bros. Tony Gaudio andArchie Mayo shot four pictures together, includingBordertown,The Man with Two Faces,Go into Your Dance, andThe Case of the Lucky Legs. Gaudio was a regular cameraman for starlettBette Davis. ForEx-Lady (1933), an early attempt to turn her into a sex symbol, Gaudio gave Davis the glamour treatment. By the time he shotBordertown (1934), the studio realized her histrionic talents, and Gaudio brought a stark realism to the seedy Mexican setting.[8] In 1936, Gaudio shot Warners' first three-stripTechnicolor film,God's Country and the Woman, with directorWilliam Keighley, a four time collaborator of Gaudio’s.[8] The film was made in exactly 59 shooting days, which included a long and strenuous location trip to northern Washington.[17] With German directorWilliam Dieterle, Gaudio photographed eight pictures, most notablyThe Life of Emile Zola (1937), which one the 1937Academy Award for Best Picture, andJuarez (1939). Guadio and directorMichael Curtiz collaborated six times, notably onThe Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), andKid Galahad (1937), anotherBette Davis joint which gave him the opportunity to contrast high-keyArt Deco scenes with the smoky interiors of the boxing ring.[8] Another main collaborator wasMervyn Leroy, with whom Gaudio shot six films, notablyAnthony Adverse, for which he won his first and only oscar for the 1936Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black-and-White.

On set of 1936Anthony Adverse; Mervyn LeRoy (seated right) directing costars March and DeHavilland; behind LeRoy is Tony Gaudio

Upon winning the Oscar, in an interview withThe American Cinematographer in April, 1937,[4] Gaudio gushes:

“I am convinced there never has been one of my brother cameramen who was so happy over winning this award as I have been. For me, it has been a deep as it will be an abiding satisfaction. And my gratitude, deeper than words can express, goes to the men and women of this great industry".[4]

The years of 1938 and 1939 are busy times for Gaudio, completing his 1000th picture.[3] Gaudio acted asDirector of Photography onEdmund Goulding’sThe Dawn Patrol, shooting aerial scenes as well as claustrophobic interiors.[8] As of June 1938, Tony was the oldest cinematographer on features in the world at 55 years old.[3] In an interview withThe American Cinematographer in their June, 1938 issue,[3] Tony comments:

“Today’s cameramen are virtually a new race of artists. Sound, with its new requirements, brought a saner approach to motion picture photography. Camera work should be like that of the portrait artist, reality and character with only so much retouching as is necessary to smooth out the rougher spots. Realism and character must be preserved at all costs.”[3]

"Juarez" 1939 Title, from Trailer

At the end of the decade, Gaudio photographed two moreBette Davis pictures in which he de-glamorized the actress. This includesThe Old Maid (1939) andJuarez (1939), for which he earned the Oscar nomination once again forBest Cinematography, Black-and-White. The picture was the first major subject in Hollywood to be photographed on the newEastman Plus X Panchromatic film. Not an inch of any other brand was used in the production, declares Tony Gaudio in an interview withThe American Cinematographer[18].

“The Eastman company is responsible for many improvements in photography,” he said, “but I am convinced this stock is not only a distinct advance. It is the best thing Eastman has done for the motion picture industry as a whole.”[18]

In this work he retained the same balance between highlights, half tones and shadows as he had formerly with film that preceded Plus X.[18] This level of illumination was reduced by exactly 50 percent, which saved costs in lighting.

“It is smoother, finer in grain and in speed.” the cameraman said in conclusion. “Yes, I am using Plus X in “The Old Maid”, the picture I am now on, another Bette Davis subject, and I expect to be using it as long as I am in pictures. No, I don’t think there ever will be anything really better.”[18]

1940s

[edit]

Gaudio began the decade of the 1940s while still in collaboration withWarner Bros. WithWilliam Keighley, Tony shotThe Fighting 69th (1940), which was labeled a “truly brilliant example of screencraft” byThe Film Daily.[19][20] Also in 1940, Gaudio photographedThe Letter, aWilliam Wyler picture that gave Tony his 4th Oscar nomination forBest Cinematography, Black-and-White. This was anotherBette Davis picture, one of her better remembered vehicles that is distinguished by Gaudio's moody cinematography, especially the memorable opening shot, a slow track through a Malaysian rubber plantation that sets the tone for the whole picture.[8] In 1941, Gaudio litRaoul Walsh's crime masterworkHigh Sierra in an ultra realistic, documentary-like fashion that was a precursor of film noir.[8]

Tony Gaudio on Experiment Perilous, 1944

In the 40s, he photographed seven pictures withLloyd Bacon underWarner, includingBrother Orchid (1940),Affectionately Yours (1942), andWings for the Eagle (1942).[21] Their collaboration stopped in 1943 when Gaudio leftWarner Bros. to go freelance after shooting anotherRaoul Walsh film,[7]Background to Danger. After leaving the studio, Gaudio only photographed 11 more films before his death in 1951.[21]

His first film that he shot freelance wasCorvette K-225 (1943) forUniversal Pictures, for which he was nominated for his 5thAcademy Award forBest Cinematography, Black-and-White.[7]

Next, he filmed twoJacques Tourner pictures,Experiment Perilous (1944) andDays of Glory (1944).[21] Gaudio joined withDieterle again forI’ll Be Seeing You (1944)[21] before winning his last Oscar nomination forBest Cinematography, Color in 1946 forA Song To Remember (1945)[8].In 1946, the Gaudio,Borzage, andRepublic Pictures collaborationI’ve Always Loved You was a box office hit, winning the Honor Box for the Box Office Digest.[22] In 1946 and 1947, Tony worked on 3 more films before his last film, beingSwell Guy withFrank Tuttle,That’s My Man withFrank Borzage, andLove From a Stranger withRichard Whorf.[21] Tony Gaudio’s last film was shot in 1949 withLewis Milestone andRepublic Pictures, titledThe Red Pony. It was renowned for its mastery of color.[7]

Personal life

[edit]

In 1939, Gaudio was nominated by King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy as a Knight of the Crown for his contributions to the art of motion picture photography. Gaudio declined to accept the honor and recognition for his work because it came from a foreign country, despite that country once being his homeland.[23] In an interview with The American Cinematographer in their April, 1939 Issue, Gaudio explained:

"It has nothing to with the present form of government in Italy. Nevertheless, I do not feel that it is right for me, now an American, to accept a foreign order."[23]

After the divorce from his first wife, Rosina Gaudio, which caused a scandal at the time, there was an estrangement with his children. After retiring from work in 1949, Gaudio moved to San Francisco with his second wife, Marie Gaudio.[6]

He died at his home on August 10, 1951 in Burlingame, California at the age of 66 of a heart attack.[1] and is interred in theHollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California. His brotherEugene Gaudio, also a cinematographer, died in 1920 at the age of 34. Gaudio is survived by his wife, Marie, and two sons- Frank, also a cameraman, and Antonio, a San Francisco Lawyer.

Legacy

[edit]
Gaudio circa 1919

Tony Gaudio has always been one of the most consistently progressive members of the camera profession. He has taken part in all of the ASC’s technical researches, such as those which smoothed the introduction of monochromatic film, Mazda lighting and modern make-up.[24]

Gaudio was a revolutionary cinematographer, instituting and influencing many techniques and technologies in the craft. He has pioneered the use of “Dinky Inkies” and “precision lighting”, using spotlights almost to the exclusion of flood-lighting units.[24] In addition, he pioneered the use of the Montage, invented the Mitchell Camera Viewfinder, worked on the first All-talkie and All-color film, as well as revolutionized photographing exterior night scenes during daylight. Gaudio's legacy lives on through his inventive and creative cinematographic mind that still impacts cinema today.

The montage

[edit]

Tony Gaudio was the first Hollywood photographer to use a montage. It was produced in a Douglas Fairbanks picture, “Mark of Zorro.”[1]

Mitchell Camera viewfinder

[edit]

Tony was at the forefront of technical innovation in the craft of cinematography. A longtime fan and owner of theMitchell camera, Gaudio was quoted in 1921 as stating that “The Mitchell does everything a camera ought to do and then a lot more”.[25]

In 1922, he invented aviewfinder for the new Mitchell Camera, as well as inventing the camera focusing microscope.[3] In the 1920s, the Hollywood motion picture industry was dominated byBell and Howell cameras, but Mitchell established a foothold and broke through by the end of the decade,[7] propelled by cinematographers such as Gaudio who advocated for the Mitchell and its positive attributes. While the Bell and Howell produced a superior image due to its innovative pressure plate behind the lens, it was too noisy for sound work, which opened up the market to Mitchell.[7]

Mitchell Camera circ 1930s

Now, any time anyone looks through the focusing microscope of a Mitchell camera, Tony Gaudio invented it. In the 1920s, when you focused a professional camera, you viewed your image either on the film itself or on a removable ground-glass focusing screen.[24] In either event, if you had a good camera, you probably viewed this image through a simple, low-powered magnifying glass, which still gave you an image which was upside-down and turned around left or right.[24]

Gaudio believed that there was a better way of lining up a shot, and felt it would be easier if you could see your image right side up and laterally correct, and also rather highly magnified.[24] He worked in close collaboration with theMitchell engineers and with theBausch and Lomb opticians. Finally after many months of experimentation, a focusing optical system was perfected.[24] For the first time in the history of cinematography, you could look into a camera and see, magnified some 10 diameters, the actual image cast by his lens. By a turn of a small control, the vital center-area of the image could be scanned, with the magnification almost doubled.[24]

Device for photographing exterior night scenes in the daytime

[edit]

Gaudio was among the first cinematographers to experiment successfully with the idea of photographing exterior night-scenes in the daytime, with filters. Faced with a unified chorus of “It can’t be done”, he succeeded.[24] In 1923, Gaetano Gaudio invented an epochal device in lighting sets for darkness, paving the way to save millions in film production a year by the elimination of night exterior filming, revolutionizing picture making at night time. While shootingNorma Talmadge’sJoseh M. Schenck dramaThe Song of Love, Gaudio used his process during three days, in which night scenes of an Algerian village street were taken during the day.[26] Gaudio was never satisfied by artificial night lighting, and looked forward to the entire industry adopting his invention, which inevitably occurred.[26] The invention was perfected after only five weeks of experiment, and can be applied to any camera, having few attachments. The working principle rests in the preparation of the raw film.[26] The new process gives a black sky, a light foreground, a clearly defined skyline, perfect silhouettes and stereoscopic relief with high visibility, to figures both in close-ups and even until their disappearance on the skyline.[26] The shadows of figures walking in moonlight are strongly outlined. Gaudio announced at the time of invention that he was willing to stake his cinematographic reputation on this invention.[26]

First all-talkie, all-color film

[edit]

Gaudio photographedOn With the Show!, the first “all-talkie” musical in color. In a person essay forThe American Cinematographer,Lighting Color on a Black-and-White Schedule from December 1936, Gaetano explained:

"In those days, everything was a problem. Certain colors had to be avoided, since the process wouldn’t reproduce them, others had to be achieved by showing the camera an entirely different tone. But the biggest problem was lighting. The two-color technicolor of those old days demanded an unbelievable amount of light."[17]

Gaudio commented that color did not slow the process down significantly, and on some days they were able to make as many as 22 different set ups,[17] which for a major studio production was about as fast as a black-and-white picture.

"On With the Show" ad in The Film Daily, Jan-Jun 1929

In addition, Gaudio’s team pioneered something that had not yet been done in aTechnicolor production, making projected background process shots. This can be seen in a sequence played in an airplane, flying over the lumber country of the Northwest, and finally landing.[17] Gaudio comments on the development of color in film-making:

"Picture making is picture making no matter what you’re shooting, and those of us who have spent years learning the fundamentals of the job ought to be competent to take a new development like color in our stride. Of course it means new tools to work with, new problems and new ways of expressing many new thoughts: but it is still the same basic job of putting entertainment on celluloid."[17]

Documentary

[edit]

The Lost Legacy of Tony Gaudio is an upcoming 2024 documentary that is about to hit festival screens[6] that tells the story of Tony Gaudio fromCalabria and Hollywood, exploring the mystery behind the disappearance of his prized statuette, the first Italian Oscar.[27] The story follows Tony Gaudio, little known until a few years ago, born from an initiative to rediscover this artist. The documentary was implemented by theCineteca della Calabria, which aroused the interest of a group of young authors from Cosenza and their production company "Open Fields".

They proposed the idea of a documentary, obtaining the contribution of the Calabria Film Commission and the support of its counterpart Piedmontese institution.[6] Broken Typewriter Productions from Los Angeles, CA is proud to announce their collaboration with Open Fields Productions from Cosenza, Italy for the feature documentaryThe Lost Legacy of Tony Gaudio. Open Fields’ Alessandro Nucci (director) and his brother Fabrizio Nucci (Producer) are in cooperation withThe Margaret Herrick Academy archives and theAmerican Society of Cinematographers.[27] The website,The Tony Gaudio Foundation for The Cinematic Arts, was set up in efforts to fundraise and spread awareness about the documentary. The foundation’s CEO is Gino Gaudio, great nephew of Tony Gaudio, with the CFO being Chester Hipple, Tony Gaudio’s grandson. In a message on the website, it reads:

"His name and contributions have been lost to the public. We would like the Gaudio name to live on and be remembered and celebrated from this day forward. “We trustThe Lost Legacy of Tony Gaudio documentary will be a beautiful reminder for all film lovers of the important role of the cinematographer in films.”[27]

In April, in Gaetano Gaudio’s hometown, the first screening of the trailer of the documentary will be played.

"It is the story of the first Italian winner of an Oscar, but it is also the discovery of an innovator in the field of photography; it is, at the same time, the story of the birth of cinema, in Italy and the United States, the discovery of techniques and perspectives; it is the story of the emigration of Italians; and it is also an investigation - punctuated by a fictional part - in search of the statuette won almost 90 years ago and of which traces have been lost."[6]

The documentary will feature interviews - combined with images of the works - from some American teachers and scholars and entertainment industry professionals of Italy and the US. These include Patrick Keating and Jonathan Kuntz, or personalities of US cinema,[6] such as the Oscar winnerRichard Edlund, special visual effects supervisor of films such asStar Wars, orM. David Mullen, director of photography ofThe Marvelous Mrs. Maisel.[6] In addition, there will be interviews from the president of theCineteca della Calabria, Eugenio Attanasio, and from the Calabrian director of photography and Oscar winner forAvatar,Mauro Fiore. The film will also feature interviews from Gaudio’s relatives.[6]

“This documentary – explains the director – posed a series of problems from the beginning: very little repertoire, no private photos, perhaps due to a fire that would have destroyed all the albums, and less than 100 public photos. Involving the family was absolutely necessary."[6]

After Gaudio's death, all traces of the Oscar were lost, intersecting a line between the emotional story of the grandchildren and the artistic path of the pioneer cinematographer.

Awards and nominations

[edit]
Academy Awards
YearCategoryFilmResult
1930Best CinematographyHell's AngelsNominated
1936Best Cinematography, Black-and-WhiteAnthony AdverseWon
1939Best Cinematography, Black-and-WhiteJuarezNominated
1940Best Cinematography, Black-and-WhiteThe LetterNominated
1943Best Cinematography, Black-and-WhiteCorvette K-225Nominated
1945Best Cinematography, ColorA Song to RememberNominated

Filmography

[edit]
(as perInternational Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers[8]and as perAFI's database[21]))
YearTitleRoleProduction/Distribution Co.DirectorNotes
1903Napoleon Crossing the AlpsDirector

Cinematographer

Tony Gaudio1st film, Italy
1908Madame NicotineCinematographer
1910SubmarineCinematographerPr./Dist.Independent Motion Pictures1st underwater feature
1911Shorts:Pictureland,The Dream, Maid or Man, At the Duke's Command, The Mirror, The Message in the Bottle, Her Darkest Hour,Artful Kate,A Manly Man, The Fisher-Maid, In Old Madrid, Sweet Memories, The Stampede, The Fair Dentist, For Her Brother's Sake, The Master and the Man, At a Quarter of Two, The Lighthouse Keeper, A Gasoline Engagement, Science, The Skating Bug, The Call of the Song, The Toss of a Coin, The Sentinel Asleep, The Better Way, His Dress Shirt, From the Bottom of the SeaCinematographerPr./Dist.Independent Motion PicturesThomas Ince
1911For the Queen's HonorCinematographer

Writer

Pr./Dist.Independent Motion PicturesThomas Ince
1911Their First MisunderstandingCinematographerPr./Dist.Independent Motion PicturesThomas Ince,

G. Tucker

1911Second SightCinematographerPr./Dist.Independent Motion PicturesThomas Ince,

J. Smiley

1911In the Sultan's GardenCinematographerPr./Dist.Independent Motion PicturesThomas Ince,

W. Clifford

1911The Rose's StoryCinematographerPr./Dist.Independent Motion PicturesJ. Smiley,

G. Tucker

1912The Rose of CaliforniaCameraPr./Dist.Independent Motion PicturesFrancis J. Grandon
1914ClassmatesCinematographerPr./Dist.Biograph CompanyJames Kirkwood
1914StrongheartCinematographerPr.Klaw & Erlanger

Dist.Biograph Company

James Kirkwood
1914The Cricket on the HearthCinematographerPr./Dist.Biograph CompanyLawrence Marsten
1914The Woman in BlackCinematographerPr.Biograph Company

Dist.General Film Company

Lawrence Marsten
1916The Unpardonable SinCinematographerPr.Shubert Film Corp.Barry O'Neill
1916The Masked RiderCinematographerPr. Quality Pictures Co.

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1916The River of RomanceCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1916Big TremaineCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Henry Otto
1916Mister 44CinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Henry Otto
1916Pidgin IslandCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1917The Hidden SpringCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

E. Mason Hopper
1917The PromiseCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Jay Hunt
1917The Haunted PajamasCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1917Under HandicapCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1917Paradise GardenCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1917The Hidden ChildrenCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Oscar Apfel
1917The Square DeceiverCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1917The Avenging TrailCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Francis Ford
1918Broadway BillCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1918The LandloperCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

George Irving
1918Lend Me Your NameCinematographerPr.Yorke Film Corporation

Dist.Metro Pictures

Fred J. Balshofer
1918Pals FirstCinematographerPr.Yorke Film CorporationDist.First NationalEdwin Carewe
1919The Unpardonable SinCinematographerPr.Hary Garson Production

Dist.World Pictures

Marshall NeilanCo.Cronjaner
1919A Man of HonorCinematographerDist.First NationalFred J. Balshofer
1919In WrongCinematographerDist.First NationalJames Kirkwood
1919AtonementCinematographerPr.Humphrey Pictures

Dist.Pioneer Pictures

William J. Humphrey
1919The Red LanternCinematographerPr.Nazimova ProductionsDist.Metro PicturesAlbert Capellani
1919Her Kingdom of DreamsCinematographerPr.Louis B. Mayer

Dist.First National

Marshall Neilan
1920The Inferior SexCinematographerPr. Chaplin-Mayers

Dist.First National

Joseph Henabery
1920In Old KentuckyCinematographerPr.Louis B. Mayer

Dist.First National

Marshall Neilan
1920Whispering DevilsCinematographerPr.Harry Garson Production

Dist.Equity Pictures

Harry Garson
1920Fighting ShepherdessCinematographerPr.Louis B. Mayer

Dist.First National

Edward Jose
1920The Mark of ZorroCinematographerPr.Douglas Fairbanks

Dist.United Artists

Fred NibloMontage
1920An AdventuressCinematographerPr.Yorke Film CorporationDist.Republic DistributingFred J. Balshofer
1920KismetCinematographerPr. Waldorf Productions

Dist.Robertson-Cole

Louis J. Gasnier
1920The Forbidden ThingCinematographerPr.Allan Dwan ProductionsDist.Associated ProducersAllan Dwan
1921The Sin of Martha QueedCinematographerPr.Mayflower PhotoplayDist.Associated ExhibitorsAllan Dwan
1921The Other WomanCinematographerPr.J.L. FrothinghamProductions

Dist.Hodkinson Pictures

Edward Sloman
1921The Ten Dollar RaiseCinematographerPr.J.L. Frothingham

Productions

Dist.Associated Producers

Edward Sloman
1921The Sin of Martha QueedCinematographerPr.Mayflower Photoplay

Dist.Associated Exhibitors

Allan Dwan
1921Pilgrims of the NightCinematographerPr.J.L. FrothinghamProductions

Dist.First National

Edward Sloman
1922Shattered IdolsCinematographerPr.J.L. FrothinghamProductions

Dist.First National

Edward Sloman
1922The Eternal FlameCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalFrank Lloyd
1922The Woman He LovedCinematographerPr.J.L. FrothinghamProductions

Dist.American Releasing

Edward Sloman
1922East is WestCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalSidney Franklin
1923The Voice from the MinaretCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalFrank Lloyd
1923Adam and EvaCinematographerPr.Cosmopolitan Prod.

Dist.Paramount Pictures

Robert G. Vignola
1923Within the LawCinematographerPr.Talmadge Productions

Dist.First National

Frank Lloyd
1923The Song of LoveCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalC. Franklin,F. Marion
1923Ashes of VengeanceCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalFrank Lloyd
1924SecretsCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalFrank Borzage
1924Husbands and LoversCinematographerPr.Louis B. Mayer

Dist.First National

John M. Stahl
1924The Only WomanCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalSidney Olcott
1925The LadyCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalFrank Borzage
1925DéclasséeCinematographerPr./Dist.First NationalRobert G. Vignola
1925Sealed LipsDirectorPr. Waldorf Productions

Dist.Columbia Pictures

Tony GaudioU.S. Directorial Debut
1925The Price of SuccessDirectorPr. Waldorf Productions

Dist.Columbia Pictures

Tony Gaudio
1925GraustarkCinematographerPr.Talmadge ProductionsDist.First NationalDimitri Buchowetzki
1926The TemptressCinematographerPr./Dist.Metro-Goldwyn-MayerFred Niblo
1926The Gay DeceiverCinematographerPr./Dist.Metro-Goldwyn-MayerJohn M. Stahlco.Max Fabian
1926UpstageCinematographerPr./Dist.Metro-Goldwyn-MayerMonta Bell
1926The Blonde SaintCinematographerPr.Sam E. Rork Productions

Dist.First National

Svend Gade
1927An Affair of the FolliesCinematographerPr.Al Rockett ProductionsDist.First NationalMillard Webb
1927The Notorious LadyCinematographerPr.Sam E. Rork Productions

Dist.First National

King Baggott
1927Two Arabian KnightsCinematographerPr.Howard Hughes

Dist.United Artists

Lewis Milestone
1927The GauchoCinematographerPr.Douglas Fairbanks

Dist.United Artists

F. Richard Jones
1928The RacketCinematographerPr.Howard Hughes

Dist.Paramount Pictures

Lewis Milestone
1929She Goes to WarCinematographerPr. Inspiration PicturesHenry KingCo.John P. Fulton
1929Tiger RoseCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.George Fitzmaurice
1929On with the Show!CinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Alan Crosland1st all-talking all-color feature
1929General CrackCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Alan Crosland
1930Hell's AngelsCinematographerPr.Howard Hughes

Dist.Warner Bros.

Howard Hughesco.H.Perry

Oscar nom

1930Little CaesarCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

Mervyn LeRoy
1930All Quiet on the Western Front2nd CameramanPr.Universal Studios

Dist.Universal Pictures

Lewis Milestonecin.Edeson
1931The Lady Who DaredCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

William Beaudine
1931The Front PageCinematographerPr.Howard Hughes

Dist.United Artists

Lewis Milestone
1932Tiger SharkCinematographerPr./Dist.First NationalHoward Hawks
1932Sky DevilsCinematographerPr. The Caddo Co.

Dist.First National

Edward Sutherland,Busby Berkeley
1932The Mask of Fu ManchuCinematographerPr.Cosmopolitan Prod.

Dist.Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Charles Brabin
1933Blondie JohnsonCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Ray Enright
1933Ex-LadyCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Robert Florey
1933The Silk ExpressCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Ray Enright
1933The Narrow CornerCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Alfred E. Green
1933Private Detective 62CinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Michael Curtiz
1933VoltaireCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.John G. Adolfi
1933Ladies Must LoveCinematographerPr./Dist.Universal PicturesE. A. Dupont
1933The World ChangesCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

Mervyn LeRoy
1933Lady KillerCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Roy D. Ruth
1934MandalayCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

Michael Curtiz
1934Upper WorldCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Roy D. Ruth
1934Fog Over FriscoCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

William Dieterle
1934The Dragon Murder CaseCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

H. Bruce Humberstone
1934Happiness AheadCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

Mervyn LeRoy
1934BordertownCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Archie Mayo
1934The Man with Two FacesCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

Archie Mayo
1935The White CockatooCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Alan Crosland
1935Sweet MusicCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Alfred E. Greenco.James Van Trees
1935Oil for the Lamps of ChinaCinematographerPr./Dist.First NationalMervyn LeRoy
1935Go into Your DanceCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

Archie Mayo
1935Little Big ShotCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Michael Curtiz
1935Front Page WomanCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Michael Curtiz
1935The Case of the Lucky LegsCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Archie Mayo
1935Dr. SocratesCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Dieterle
1936The White AngelCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Dieterle
1936God's Country and the WomanCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Keighley
1936Anthony AdverseCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Mervyn LeRoyOscar win
1936The Story of Louis PasteurCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Dieterle
1937The Life of Emile ZolaCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Dieterle
1937The King and the Chorus GirlCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Mervyn LeRoy
1937Kid GalahadCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Michael Curtiz
1937Another DawnCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Dieterle
1937San Quentin2nd PhotographyPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Lloyd Bacon
1938Torchy Blane in PanamaCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Clemens
1938The Adventures of Robin HoodCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Michael Curtiz,

William Keighley

Co.Sol Polito
1938The Amazing Dr. ClitterhouseCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Anatole Litvak
1938Garden of the MoonCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Bubsy Berkeley1000th film
1938The SistersCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Anatole Litvak
1938The Dawn PatrolCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Edmund Goulding
1939JuarezCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William DieterleOscar nom
1939The Old MaidCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Edmund Goulding
1939We Are Not AloneCinematographerPr.First National

Dist.Warner Bros.

Edmund Goulding
1940The Fighting 69thCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Keighley
1940'Til We Meet AgainCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Edmund Goulding,

Anatole Litvak

1940Brother OrchidCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Lloyd Bacon
1940Knute Rockne, All AmericanCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Lloyd Bacon
1940The LetterCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William WylerOscar nom
1941High SierraCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Raoul Walsh
1941The Great LieCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Edmund Goulding
1941Affectionately YoursCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Lloyd Bacon
1941Navy BluesCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Lloyd Bacon
1941The Man Who Came to DinnerCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.William Keighley
1942Larceny, Inc.CinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Lloyd Bacon
1942Wings for the EagleCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Lloyd Bacon
1942You Can't Escape ForeverCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Jo Grahamco.James Van Trees
1943Action in the North AtlanticCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Lloyd Bacon
1943The Constant NymphCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Edmund Goulding
1943Background to DangerCinematographerPr./Dist.Warner Bros.Raoul Walsh
1943Corvette K-225CinematographerPr./Dist.Universal PicturesRichard RossonOscar nom
1944Days of GloryCinematographerPr./Dist.RKO Radio PicturesJacques Tourner
1944Experiment PerilousCinematographerPr./Dist.RKO Radio PicturesJacques Tourner
1944I'll Be Seeing YouCinematographerPr./Dist.United ArtistsWilliam Dieterle
1945A Song to RememberCinematographerPr./Dist.Columbia PicturesCharles VidorOscar nom
1946The Bandit of Sherwood ForestCinematographerPr./Dist.Columbia PicturesHenry Levin,

George Sherman

1946I've Always Loved YouCinematographerPr./Dist.Republic PicturesFrank Borzage
1946Swell GuyCinematographerPr./Dist.Universal PicturesFrank Tuttle
1947That's My ManCinematographerPr./Dist.Republic PicturesFrank Borzage
1947Love from a StrangerCinematographerPr.Bryan Foy Productions

Dist.Eagle-Lion Films

Richard Whorf
1949The Red PonyCinematographerPr./Dist.Republic PicturesLewis Milestone

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdef"Tony Gaudio, 66, Film Cameraman".The New York Times. August 11, 1951.
  2. ^abcde"Little Close-Ups of the A.S.C."The American Cinematographer.2 (February 1922).Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.
  3. ^abcdefghijkl"Long Record and More Honor for Tony Gaudio on His Screen Work".American Cinematographer.19 (June, 1938):230–232.
  4. ^abcdefghijklmno"Tony Gaudio Wins Camera Honors".American Cinematographer.18 (April, 1937).
  5. ^ab"Who Is Tony Gaudio?".The Tony Gaudio Foundation For The Cinematic Arts. 2023.
  6. ^abcdefghiABENAVOLI, DI PAOLA (March 9, 2024)."From Cosenza to the American Dream: The Film About Tony Gaudio Arrives, On the Story of the First Italian to Win an Oscar (Exclusive)".The Hollywood Reporter, Roma.
  7. ^abcdefghijklm"Tony in Focus".The Tony Gaudio Foundation For The Cinematic Arts. 2023.
  8. ^abcdefghijklmGallagher, John A. (2000). "Gaudio, Tony, International Dictionary of Film and Filmmakers".St. James Press.4 (2000):310–312.
  9. ^abcdWhitman, Philip H. "Pans and Tilts".The American Cinematographer.1 (October, 1921).
  10. ^abcde"A.S.C. Elects New Officers".The American Cinematographer.5 (May, 1924): 5.
  11. ^"In Camera Fornia".The American Cinematographer.2 (December, 1921).
  12. ^"In Camera Fornia".The American Cinematographer.5 (April, 1924): 26.
  13. ^abc"Way Cleared for Gaudio to Direct".The American Cinematographer.5 (August, 1925).
  14. ^"In Camera Fornia".The American Cinematographer.5 (May, 1924).
  15. ^"In Camera Fornia".The American Cinematographer.5 (December, 1924).
  16. ^abcd"Tony Gaudio, A.S.C. Becomes Director".The American Cinematographer.6 (July, 1925): 13.
  17. ^abcdeGaudio, Gaetano. "Lighting Color on a Black-and-White Schedule".The American Cinematographer.17 (December, 1936).
  18. ^abcd"Juarez Declared Really Great Picture".The American Cinematographer.20 (April, 1939) – via Media History Digital Library.
  19. ^"Ten Best Pictures of 1939 in the Film Daily's Annual Poll of Critics of America".The Film Daily. 1939 – via Media History Digital Library.
  20. ^"Tony Gaudio Photographed Two of the Best Pictures of 1939".The Film Daily. 1939 – via Media History Digital Library.
  21. ^abcdef"TONY GAUDIO".American Film Institute.
  22. ^"Honor Box, This Week REPUBLIC Wins With: I've Always Loved You (1946)".The Box Office Digest (May-Dec 1946). 1946 – via Media History Digital Library.
  23. ^ab"Gaudio Declines".The American Cinematographer.20 (April, 1939).
  24. ^abcdefghBlanchard, Walter. "Aces of the Camera XV: "Tony" Gaudio, A.S.C.".The American Cinematographer.23 (March, 1942):112–138 – via Media History Digital Library.
  25. ^"In Camera Fornia".The American Cinematographer.1 (December, 1921) – via Media History Digital Library.
  26. ^abcde"Gaudio Inventor of Epoch-making Device".The American Cinematographer.3 (November, 1923) – via Media History Digital Library.
  27. ^abc"Documentary".The Tony Gaudio Foundation For The Cinematic Arts. 2023.

Further reading

[edit]
  1. VERHALEN, CHARLES J.American Cinematographer,: February, 1937 (Classic Reprint). FORGOTTEN BOOKS, 2022.
  2. Tennoe, Mariam  T., Surhone, Lambert M., Henssonow, Susan F. et al.Tony Gaudio. Mager and Quinn’s Bookselllers.
  3. Langman, Larry. “Tony Gaudio.”Destination Hollywood, The Influence of Europeans on American Filmmaking, Jefferson, North Carolina, and London, 2000.
  4. “Tony Gaudio, 66, Film Cameraman.”The New York Times, 11 Aug. 1951.Obituary, https://www.nytimes.com/1951/08/11/archives/tony-gaudio-66-film-cameraman-1937-academy-award-winner-for-anthony.html.
  5. “AFI Catalog of Feature Films, Tony Gaudio.”American FIlm INstitute, catalog.afi.com/Person/148490-Tony-Gaudio?sid=6c79e45e-4a8e-4903-8668-8542deb492f3&sr=9.857439&cp=1&pos=0&isMiscCredit=false.
  6. Blanchard, Walter. “Aces of the Camera XV: ‘Tony’ Gaudio, A.S.C.”The American Cinematographer, vol. 23, no. March, 1942, pp. 112–138, https://doi.org/Media History Digital Library.
  7. Abenavoli, Di Paola. “From Cosenza to the American Dream: The Film About Tony Gaudio Arrives, On the Story of the First Italian to Win an Oscar (Exclusive).”The Hollywood Reporter Roma, 9 Mar. 2024, www.hollywoodreporter.it/film/festival-e-premi/tony-gaudio-la-storia-vera-del-primo-italiano-che-vinse-un-premio-oscar/93985/.
  8. Gallagher, John A. "Gaudio, Tony."International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, edited by Sara Pendergast and Tom Pendergast, 4th ed., vol. 4: Writers and Production Artists, St. James Press, 2000, pp. 310-312.Gale eBooks, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3406802321/GVRL?u=usocal_main&sid=bookmark-GVRL&xid=ce370610.
  9. American Cinematographer. ASC Holding Corp., Vol 1 (1920) to Vol. 32 (1951)
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