| Tons River | |
|---|---|
 Mohuna village, Deobun, Northwest of Landour - 1850s | |
 | |
| Native name | टौंस नदी (Hindi) |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Bandarpunch,Uttarakhand |
| Mouth | |
• location | Dehradun,Uttarakhand |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Yamuna |
TheTons (टौंस नदी) is the largest tributary of theYamuna.[1] It flows throughGarhwal region inUttarakhand, touchingHimachal Pradesh. The Tons thrust is named after this river.
With its source in the 20,722 feet (6,316 m)[2] highBandarpunch mountain, it is one of the most major perennial IndianHimalayan rivers. In fact, it carries more water than the Yamuna itself, which it meets below Kalsi nearDehradun, Uttarakhand.[3][4]
Tons Valley lies inJaunsar Bawar region, as it emerges from the Himalayas has haridwar on its eastern bank. The cantonment town ofChakrata is situated between, the Tons andYamuna rivers.
The Pabbar River is a tributary of the Tons River connecting to it from the west. It is also the westernmost river that drains east to theGanges. TheSutlej River is the next watershed over and is the easternmost river that drains west into theIndus.
The Asan River is another tributary of the Tons that is often named (incorrectly) after this great river as the Tons. The Asan is a confluence of two small river systems, one comprising streams flowing south from theHimalayan range running from Vikas Nagar towardsTehri (withMussorie in the centre), and the other comprising streams flowing north-west from the lowerShiwalik hills (that separateDehradun andSaharanpur districts). The misnomer Tons stands for the river originating from the Mussorie hills, flowing down through Robber's cave, Bijapur canal andTapkeshwar Mahadev, before emerging into a broad valley behind IMA. This river receives substantial waters from several streams flowing south from theHimalayan slopes. It goes on west beyond the locality of Premnagar to finally join the streams from the lowerShiwaliks and flow toward theYamuna, which it joins near Poanta Sahib.Asan barrage is constructed just before this confluence.
Research[5] points to the possibility of the ancient Saraswati river having had a source in the glacial waters of the Himalayas. The theory[6] states that the Tons river became a tributary of the Yamuna a few thousand years ago following a tectonic event in the Shiwalik range near Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. If this is true, the Tons once ran an independent course somewhat parallel to the Yamuna, running south-west into Haryana where the Yamuna merged into it, and lower down the course into Punjab, where the Sutlej merged into it. This river was then the Saraswati mentioned in the Vedic texts as the greatest of all Indian rivers. However, this is just a theory and is yet to be universally accepted.
The top of the Tons river is in the Himalayan Crystalline complex. It then flows through Tethan Himalaya rocks before connecting to the Pabbar River in the Lesser Himalayan Sequence. The Tons flows into the Yamuna River after crossing into the Sub-Himalaya Sequence.
An engraving of a painting by William Purser depicting a rope bridge crossing the river in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1839 gave rise to the poetical illustration "Crossing the River Tonse by a Jhoola" byLetitia Elizabeth Landon. The poet echoes the three stranded rope in her three-lined verses.[7]
Along withGanges, it has now become a major destination for water-based adventure sports like white-water rafting in Uttarakhand.[8] Visitors can stay at Jaunsar Bawar region on the banks of the Tons river and enjoy the grade 4 rafting. The typical season for rafting in Tons is until July.
Media related toTons River at Wikimedia Commons| Rivers | |
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30°29′49″N77°48′06″E / 30.49694°N 77.80167°E /30.49694; 77.80167
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