Tondano (also known asTolou, Tolour, Tondanou, andToulour) is anAustronesian language spoken in the Tondano area of northeastSulawesi, Indonesia. It is most similar toTombulu and toTonsea.^[1]

There is some lexical influence from European languages, such asDutch, as well asMalay,Tombulu, andTernate.^[2][3][4]

There are three main dialects of the Tondano language: Tondano proper, Kakas or Ka'kas, and Remboken.^[5]

/ɰ/ may also have an allophone as a fricative [ɣ].^[7]

Phonemes in parentheses typically occur from loan words.

• Minahasan languages
• Languages of Indonesia

Bibliography

• Brickell, Timothy C. (2014).A Grammatical Description of the Tondano (Toundano) Language (PhD thesis). La Trobe University.hdl:1959.9/516057.
• Sneddon, James N. (1975).Tondano Phonology and Grammar. Pacific Linguistics Series B - No. 38. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University.doi:10.15144/PL-B38.hdl:1885/146483.ISBN 0-85883-125-2.
• Watuseke, F.S. (1958). "Tjatatan pada "Kamus Djolong (Sederhana) Bahasa Tondano-Indonesia"".Bahasa dan budaja (in Indonesian).VI (4):19–24.
• Watuseke, F.S. (1985).Sketsa tatabahasa Tondano (in Indonesian). Jakarta.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• Hertz, Regina & Lee, Sandra (2017).Assessment of the vitality of the Tondano Language (Sulawesi, Indonesia). SIL electronic survey report

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