.jpg) Smith in 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Born | (1944-06-06)June 6, 1944 (age 81)[1][2] Clarksville, Texas, U.S.[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Height | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight | 185 lb (84 kg)[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Football career | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No. 24 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Position | Wide receiver | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Height | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight | 190 lb (86 kg) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| High school | Lemoore (CA) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| College | San Jose State | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| NFL draft | 1967: 9th round, 226th overall pick | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Career history | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stats atPro Football Reference | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sport | Track and field | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Event | Sprints | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| College team | San Jose State Spartans | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Club | Santa Clara Valley Youth Village[2] | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Achievements and titles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personalbests | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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Tommie C. Smith (born June 6, 1944)[3] is an American formertrack and field athlete andwide receiver in theAmerican Football League. At the1968 Summer Olympics, Smith, aged 24, won the200-meter sprint finals and gold medal in 19.83 seconds – the first time the 20-second barrier was broken officially. HisBlack Power salute withJohn Carlos atop the medal podium caused controversy, as it was seen as politicizing theOlympic Games. It remains a symbolic moment in the history of theBlack Power movement.
Tommie Smith was born on June 6, 1944, inClarksville, Texas, the seventh of twelve children born to Richard and Dora Smith. He suffered frompneumonia as a child, but still grew to be an athletic youth. While attendingLemoore High School inLemoore, California, Smith showed great potential, setting most of the school's track records, many of which remain. He won the440-yard dash in the 1963CIF California State Meet.[4] He was voted Lemoore's "Most Valuable Athlete" inbasketball,football, andtrack and field,[5] and was also voted vice president of his senior class.[6] His achievements earned him a scholarship toSan José State University.[7]
On May 7, 1966, while he was at San Jose State, Smith set a world best of 19.5 seconds in the 200 m straight, which he ran on acinder track.[8] That record for 200 m was finally beaten byTyson Gay on May 16, 2010, just over 44 years later,[9] though Smith still holds the record for the slightly longer 220-yard event. Since theIAAF has abandoned ratifying records for the event, Smith still retains the official record for the straightaway 200 m/220 yards in perpetuity.[10]
A few weeks later, on June 11, 1966, Smith set the record for 200 meters and 220 yards around a turn at 20.0, the first man to do that in 20 seconds. Six days later he won theNCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship. Smith also won the national collegiate 220-yard (201.17 m) title in 1967 before adding theAAU furlong (201.17m) crown as well. He traveled to Japan for the1967 Summer Universiade and won the 200 m gold medal. He repeated as U.S. 200 m champion in 1968 and made the Olympic team.
Leading up to the Olympics, at theU.S. Olympic Trials atEcho Summit, California, San Jose State teammateJohn Carlos beat Smith and his world record, running 19.92A. John Carlos' record was disallowed because of the brush spike shoes he was wearing, as was a similar record byVince Matthews in the400 meters.[11]
As a member of theOlympic Project for Human Rights (OPHR) Smith originally advocated a boycott of the 1968 Olympics, the restoration ofMuhammad Ali's world heavyweight boxing title,Avery Brundage to step down as president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and the hiring of more African-American assistant coaches. As the boycott failed to achieve support after the IOC withdrew invitations for South Africa and Rhodesia, he decided, together with Carlos, to not only wear their gloves but also go barefoot to protest poverty, wear beads to protest lynchings, and wear buttons that said OPHR.[12]
At the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico, Smith nursed an injured groin into the200 m final. In the race, teammate Carlos powered out to the lead through the turn, while Smith got a slow start. Coming off the turn, Smith charged past Carlos and sped to victory. Knowing he had passed his training partner and closest opponent, his victory was so clear, he raised his arms to celebrate 10 m before the finish line. Still, he improved upon his own world record that would last for 11 years untilPietro Mennea would surpass it on the same track. Smith's time of 19.83 was among the first automatically timed world records for the event as recorded by the IAAF.[13]
Carlos and Smith made headlines around the world byraising their black-gloved fists at the medal award ceremony. Both athletes wore black socks and no shoes on the podium to represent African-American poverty. In support,Peter Norman, the silver medalist who was a white athlete from Australia, participated in the protest by wearing an OPHR badge.[14]
IOC presidentAvery Brundage deemed it to be a domestic political statement unfit for the apolitical, international forum the Olympic Games were intended to be. In response to their actions, he ordered Smith and Carlos suspended from the US team and banned from the Olympic Village. When the US Olympic Committee refused, Brundage threatened to ban the entire US track team. This threat led to the expulsion of the two athletes from the Games.[15]
A spokesman for the IOC called Smith and Carlos's actions "a deliberate and violent breach of the fundamental principles of the Olympic spirit." Brundage, who was president of the United States Olympic Committee in 1936, had made no objections againstNazi salutes during theBerlin Olympics. He argued that the Nazi salute, being a German national salute at the time, was acceptable in a competition of nations, while the athletes' salute was not of a nation and therefore unacceptable.[16]
Smith and Carlos faced consequences for challenging white authority in the U.S.[17]Ralph Boston, a black U.S. long jumper at the 1968 games, stated: "The rest of the world didn't seem to find it such a derogatory thing. They thought it was very positive. Only America thought it was bad."[17] The men's gesture had lingering effects for all three athletes, the most serious of which were death threats against Smith, Carlos and their families. Following their suspension by the IOC, they faced economic hardship.[17] Silver medalist Norman's career suffered greatly in his native Australia as "he returned home […] a pariah, suffering unofficial sanction and ridicule as the Black Power salute's forgotten man. He never ran in the Olympics again."[18]
Smith stated in later years that "We were concerned about the lack of black assistant coaches. About how Muhammad Ali got stripped of his title. About the lack of access to good housing and our kids not being able to attend the top colleges."[19]
During his career, Smith set seven individualworld records and also was a member of several world-record relay teams at San Jose State, where he was coached byLloyd (Bud) Winter. With personal records of 10.1 for 100 meters,19.83 for 200 and44.5 for the 400, Smith still ranks high on the world all-time lists.
Smith, who had been drafted by theNational Football League'sLos Angeles Rams in the ninth round of the 1967NFL draft, signed to play for theAmerican Football League'sCincinnati Bengals and was part of the team'staxi squad for most of three seasons as awide receiver.[20] During the 1969 season, he played in two games, catching one pass for 41 yards.[21][22]
A year after his Olympic win, Smith finished his BA in Social Science atSan Jose State University and went on to earn a master's in Social Change fromGoddard College, whose program enabled Smith to integrate his teaching and writing practices into his coursework.[23][24]
After his track and football careers, he became a member of the United StatesNational Track and Field Hall of Fame in 1978. In 1996, Smith was inducted into the California Black Sports Hall of Fame, and in 1999 he received that organization's Sportsman of the Millennium Award.[25] In 2000 and 2001 the County of Los Angeles and the State of Texas presented Smith with commendation, recognition and proclamation awards.[26]
He later became a track coach atOberlin College inOhio, where he also taughtsociology and until 2005 was a faculty member teaching physical education atSanta Monica College inSanta Monica, California.[27]
In August 2008, he gave 2008 Olympic triple gold winnerUsain Bolt of Jamaica one of his shoes from the 1968 Olympics as a birthday gift.[28]
In 2010, Smith put his gold medal and spikes up for auction. Bids started at $250,000, and the sale was scheduled to close November 4, 2010.[29] In 2013, Goddard College honored Smith as an alumnus by awarding him the Presidential Award for Activism in 2013.[24]
Smith's autobiography (co-written with David Steele),Silent Gesture was published in 2007 byTemple University Press.[30] It was named a 2008 Adult Nonfiction Honor Book by theBlack Caucus of the American Library Association and nominated for a 2008NAACP Image Award.
Smith's second bookVictory. Stand! Raising My Fist for Justice was published in 2022 byNorton Young Readers.[31] The graphic memoir was co-written withDerrick Barnes and illustrated byDawud Anyabwile. The book received literary acclaim. It won the 2023YALSA Award for Excellence in Nonfiction and was recognized as a 2023Corretta Scott King Award Author and Illustrator Honor Book as well as a finalist for the 2022National Book Award for Young People's Literature.
Smith first married Jimi Denise Paschal from 1967 to 1973, with whom he had one child. He then married Denise M. "Akiba" Kyle in 1977, with whom he had four children.[32] The two divorced in 2000, and Smith married Delois Jordan in the same year.
Tommie Smith is featured in the 1999 HBO documentaryFists of Freedom: The Story of the '68 Summer Games. The documentary looks at events leading up to, during and after the 1968 Olympics. It features interviews with Smith, Carlos and sociologistHarry Edwards. There is archival footage of the Games and the fallout after the raised fist salutes by Carlos and Smith. Smith says in the programme:[33]
We were not Antichrists. We were just human beings who saw a need to bring attention to the inequality in our country. I don't like the idea of people looking at it as negative. There was nothing but a raised fist in the air and a bowed head, acknowledging the American flag – not symbolizing a hatred for it.
For his lifelong commitment to athletics, education, and human rights, Smith received the Courage of Conscience Award from The Peace Abbey in Sherborn, Massachusetts.[34] In 2004, a sports hall bearing his name was inaugurated in his presence atSaint-Ouen, France.[35]
In 2005, a statue titledVictory Salute showing Smith and Carlos on the medal stand was constructed by political artistRigo 23 and dedicated on the campus ofSan Jose State University.[36][37][38] Norman's silver medal position was left vacant at his request, so visitors could pose for photos in solidarity with Smith and Carlos, as Norman had stood.[39]
A mural of the photo taken with Smith on the podium at the 1968 Olympics with Carlos and Norman was painted on the brick wall of a residence inNewtown, New South Wales, Australia, titled "Three Proud People Mexico 68". The house's owner, Silvio Offria, allowed an artist known only as "Donald" to paint the mural, and said that Norman came to Newtown to see the mural and have his photo taken with it before he died in 2006.[40] The mural faces the train tracks linking Sydney city to the Western and Southern Suburbs. In 2012, the Sydney City Councilheritage listed the mural to safeguard it, after it had faced possible demolition in 2010 to make way for a railway tunnel.[41] Smith and Carlos were pallbearers at Norman's funeral inMelbourne in 2006.[40]
On July 16, 2008, Smith and Carlos accepted theArthur Ashe Award for Courage for the salute at the 2008ESPY Awards.[42] In 2018, Smith received the Dresden Peace Prize.[43]
TheTommie Smith Youth Track Meet is held annually in his honor. It has been both anAAU andUSATF-sponsored event, held at theUniversity of California, Berkeley at Edwards Stadium.
San Jose State University has secured funding to rebuild the track and field complex. The centerpiece is Speed City Legacy Center,[44] which pays tribute to SJSU alumni track stars and civil rights advocates.
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| Preceded by | Men's 200 meters world record holders October 16, 1968 – September 12, 1979 | Succeeded by |
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| Preceded by | Men's 200 meters season's best 1965–1968 | Succeeded by |
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