| Tombulu | |
|---|---|
| Minahasa | |
| Native to | Indonesia |
| Region | northernSulawesi |
Native speakers | (60,000 cited 1981)[1] |
Austronesian
| |
| Latin Malesung (historical) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tom |
| Glottolog | tomb1243 |
Tombulu, also known asMinahasan language, is anAustronesian language of northernSulawesi in Indonesia. It is aMinahasan language, a sub-group of thePhilippine languages.
It is a local language of theMinahasa people spoken in the city ofTomohon and in the villages under the Kota Tomohon administration such as Rurukan, Pinaras, Kumelembuai, Woloan, and Tara-Tara. It is also spoken in the villages under the administration of theMinahasa Regency in the Tombulu district, Tombariri district, Mandolang district, Pineleng district, and two villages in the Sonder district, namely Rambunan and Sawangan.
Below are the list of villages that historically speaks bahasa Tombulu:
Kota Tomohon
Minahasa Regency
(Pineleng District)
(Tombulu District)
(Mandolang District)
(Tombariri District)
(Sonder District)
Early settlers of Kapoya and Wuwuk village near Tumpaan traditionally were Tombulu speakers as they were part of an ancient Negri Sarongsong. There are also villages that are aroundBolaang Mongondow Regency whose ancestors speaks Tombulu such as Rara'atean Village, whose ancestors are from Pangolombian, Kosio Village, whose ancestors are from Woloan, and Mariri Lama Village, whose ancestors are from Tombariri. All of these five villages no longer speaks Tombulu Language or aware that their ancestors originally speak Tombulu.
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | tʃ | k | ʔ |
| voiced | b | d | dʒ | ɡ | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | s | h | |||
| voiced | z | |||||
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Trill | r | r̠ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
The Tombulu language is unique among the Minahasan languages in its pronunciation of the letter⟨l⟩. In the other four Minahasan languages the letter⟨l⟩ is pronounced as is, but in Tombulu it is pronounced like the⟨th⟩ of the English language.[clarification needed]
For example:kulo, meaning 'white', would be pronounced askutho.
| English | Tombulu |
|---|---|
| Yes | Ene |
| No | Zei'kan |
| North | Amian |
| South | Timu |
| West | Talikuran |
| East | Sendangan |
| Here | Wiya'i |
| There | Witi'i |
| This | Kenu |
| That | Nyitu |
| Hand | Lengan |
| Head | Ulu |
| Ear | Lunteng |
| Eye | Weweren |
| Stomach | Po'ot |
| Feet | A'e |
| Grandma | Nene |
| Grandfather | Tete |
| Mom | Ina |
| Dad | Ama |
| Me | Niaku |
| You | Niko |
| We | Kai |
| They | Sera |
| Him, her | Sia |
| Friend | Karia |
| Beautiful | Fasung |
| Female | Wewene |
| Male | Tuama |
| Kid (anak) | K'oki |
| Children (anak-anak) | Se k'oki |
| 1 kid (1 anak) | Esa si k'oki |
| 2 kids (2 anak) | Zua se k'oki |
| Female teacher | Enci |
| Male teacher | Engku |
| Bad | Lewo |
| Good | Le'os |
| Like | Pa'az |
| Water | Zano |
| Shower (mandi) | Lemele |
| Drink | Melep |
| School | Sekolah |
| Going to school | Sumikolah |
| Give | Wehape |
| Hungry | Maharem |
| Full (Stomach Full) | Wesu |
| Eat | Kuman |
| Breakfast | Sumokol |
| Fish | Seza |
| Good morning | Syambae |
| Good day | Tabea |
| Good night | Woondo Leos |
| When | Sawisa |
| Where | Wisa |
| Who | Sei |
| Go | Mange |
| Stop | Mento |
| Fast | Rorot |
| Slow | Ngerez |
| Fat | Rembuz |
| Skinny | Teren |
| Long | Lambot |
| Short | Poto |
| Add | Mawes |
| Subtract | Mina |
| Follow | Kumi'it |
| Sit down | Rumemez |
| Stand | Rumendai |
| Walk | Lampang |
| Walking | Lumampang |
| Let's go | Meimo |
| Until then | Teintu mo |
| Because | Pah'paan |
| But | Ta'an |
| Or | Ka'pa |
| Although | Ma'an |
| Very | totoz |
| Sky | Langit |
| Rain | Uzang |
| Yesterday | Kawi'i |
| Today | N'endo |
| Tonight | Wengindo mokan |
| Tomorrow | Sando |
| Face (Menghadap) | Sumaru |
| Sleep | Tekel |
| Sleeping | Tumekel |
| Falling Asleep | Matatandu |
| Have slept | Matetekelo |
| Rise | Sumaup |
| Ascend | Sumosor |
| Descend | Meros |
| Left | Kawi-i |
| Right | Kakan |
| God | Opo |
| Holy Spirit | Aseng Lengas |
| 1 | Esa | 11 | Mapulu wo Esa | 20 | Zua nga pulu | 100 | Maatus | 1000 | Mariwu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Zua | 12 | Mapulu wo Zua | 21 | Zua nga pulu wo Esa | 200 | Zua nga'atus | 2000 | Zua nga'riwu |
| 3 | Tellu | ||||||||
| 4 | Epat | ||||||||
| 5 | Lima | ||||||||
| 6 | Enem | ||||||||
| 7 | Pitu | ||||||||
| 8 | Wallu | ||||||||
| 9 | Siou | ||||||||
| 10 | Mapulu | ||||||||
| English | Tombulu |
|---|---|
| 3479 | Telu nga'riwu wo epat nga'atus wo pitu ngapulu wo siou |
| Good evening everyone | Wengi leos am peleng |
| How are you? all good? | Kura-mo? leos 'man? |
| What's your name? | Sei ngaranu? |
| What is your name? | Sei ngaranu? |
| What is his/her name? | Sei sia ngarana? |
| Where are you going? | Mange wisako? |
| What are you doing? | Ma'kura'ko? |
| Where are you from? | Wisako ameye? |
| Who is he/she? | Sei sia? |
| See you tomorrow | Sando mokan |
| Long live and stay healthy | Pakatuan wo pakalawizen |
| How much? | Pira? |
| Can I have some? | Wehane toyo? |
| The drinks are not here | Se elepan kampe wia |
| Thank you | Makapulu Leos |
| I love you | Ko'rara ateku |
| God of The Highest | Opo Wananatas |
| God Almighty | Opo Wailan Wangko |
Penginaléi Ama’ nai
Ama nai im wana sorga,
Loozen nai un ngaranNu
Maye mo ung kakolanoanmu
Mamualimoma un paazmu ti kaayahaan mo ti sorga
Wehape nikai inendo kenu kanen nai takaz maawez
Wo ampunganne un sumala nai
Tanu nikai mahampung wia setou simala wia nikai
Wo tiakkan ipah wali nikai wana an pema'waa
Ta'an izoula wia nikai witu kalewo'a
Pahpaan niko uman simaka kakolanoan,
Wo ung kawasa,
wo ung kawangunan takaz kauze-uze na,
Ulit.
The Lord's Prayer
Our Father who art in heaven,
hallowed be thy name
Thy kingdom come.
Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread,
and forgive us our trespasses,
as we forgive those who trespass against us,
and lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil.
For thine is the kingdom,
the power,
the glory forever,
Amen.
Pakaulitan Um Pa’emanan Rasuli
Ni aku é ma’éman wia Si Opo Empung, Si Ama’ ma'kawasa
si nimangun u langit wo un tana’.
Wo wia Si Yesus Kristus Si Oki’-Na in esa,
si niméipenu’tul witu um paaz Ni Roh Lenas,
nimatou wia si raraha Maria,
si nimendan un zéha wana am pa'perentaan ni Pontius Pilatus,
sinalib, nimaté wo mé ileweng,
an tumumpa witu u sinayauan,
witu un endo katelu, nimatou sumaup im wia sé tou nimailango,
a mangé witi kasendukan, a rumumez witu ung kakan Ni Opo Empung, Si Ama'-Na mahkawasa
wo witu mokan wo Sia méyé i mémo tumotoz ulit kaapa zei’kan um pa'wangunen né tou menou-noupé’ wo sé nimatemo.
Ni aku é ma’éman wia Si Aseng Lenas;
Um pa'esaan né tou ma’eman Si Opo Empung;
pa'ampungan a singkela’,
ung katouan sumaup né tou;
wo ung katou-touan takaz ing kauze-uze,
Ulit.
Affirmation of Faith – Apostles’ Creed
I believe in God, the Father Almighty,
Maker of heaven and earth,
and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our Lord,
who was conceived by the Holy Ghost,
born of the Virgin Mary,
suffered under Pontius Pilate,
was crucified, dead and buried;
He descended into hell;
the third day He rose again from the dead;
He ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty;
from thence He shall come to judge the quick and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Ghost,
the holy catholic church,
the forgiveness of sins,
the resurrection of the body,
and the life everlasting.
Amen.
The Tombulu language is in critical need of revitalization. It is not being spoken as a first language in highly populated areas such as Tomohon, Pineleng, and Tanawangko. Traditionally Tombulu-speaking villages such as Woloan, Tara-Tara, Lolah, and Lemoh are not so today. The Board of Education of the Indonesian government has not offered any help either to the Tombulu language or any other local languages that are in decline. It is responsible for the removal of theMuatan Lokal from the daily curriculum of all grade schools across the nation in the past few years.Muatan Lokal, if available, is a daily class which most provinces in Indonesia use to teach the new generations the local languages and culture.
Tombulu is still spoken in villages such as Kayawu, Rurukan, Kumelembuai, Pinaras, Suluan, Kembes, Tombuluan, Rumengkor, Kali, Tondangow, Sawangan, and Rambunan all the way to the children. One Sunday on every month, Tombulu language is used in sermon in its local churches.
At the beginning of 2013, an Indonesian-Tombulu dictionary was first released. A New Testament version of the Bible in Tombulu language was released in November 2018.[4]