 | |
 | |
 TP&WGP50 No. 5009 leading a freight train in Peoria, Illinois, April 3, 2021 | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Parent company | Genesee & Wyoming |
| Headquarters | East Peoria, Illinois |
| Reporting mark | TPW |
| Dates of operation | 1864–1983 1989–present |
| Predecessor | Toledo, Peoria and Warsaw Railway |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge |
| Length | 247 miles (398 km) |
TheToledo, Peoria and Western Railway (reporting markTPW), formerly nicknamed the "Tip-Up", is ashortline railroad that operates 247 miles (398 km) of trackage betweenMapleton andPeoria in Illinois, andLogansport, Indiana. TP&W also interchanges with multiple surrounding railroads, and they have trackage rights over other railroads between Peoria andGalesburg, between Logansport andKokomo, and betweenReynolds andLafayette. As of 2024, the railroad is owned byGenesee & Wyoming Inc.
The Toledo, Peoria and Western's earliest predecessor was the Peoria and Oquawka Railroad, which was chartered in 1849, with the goal of providing a rail connection between theIllinois River in Peoria and theMississippi River.[1] In 1857, they completed construction on their route between Peoria and East Burlington, Illinois. Despite "Oquawka" being incorporated in the name, the railroad was forced to bypassOquawka, since town officials were reluctant to permit trains in their area.[1]
By 1860, the Peoria and Oquawka extended their route to the Illinois-Indiana state line inEffner, where they interchanged with the recently chartered Logansport, Peoria and Burlington Railroad (LP&B).[1][2] By 1859, the Peoria and Oquawka fell under receivership, and the company was quickly absorbed into theChicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q).[2] In 1861, the line between Peoria and Effner was sold to the LP&B, and then in 1864, the LP&B was reorganized as the Toledo, Peoria and Warsaw Railway (TP&W).[1][2]
Despite "Toledo" being incorporated in the name, the railway never extended their route toToledo, Ohio.[2] In 1868, the TP&W absorbed the Mississippi and Wabash Railroad, which had constructed a route between Peoria andWarsaw, Illinois. In 1871, the TP&W opened two routes; one main line over the Mississippi River betweenHamilton andKeokuk, Iowa; and one branch line betweenLa Harpe andLomax.[2] The latter allowed the TP&W to interchange with the CB&Q, and the railway was granted trackage rights over the CB&Q's branch between Lomax andBurlington, Iowa.[3]
Later in the 1870s, the TP&W experienced some financial problems. In 1880, the TP&W was reorganized as the Toledo, Peoria and Western Railroad (TP&W), and the company became leased by theWabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway. The lease lasted until 1884, and then on March 28, 1887, the Toledo, Peoria and Western Railway was incorporated and took over operations.[4] In 1893, a controlling interest of the TP&W was purchased by thePennsylvania Railroad (PRR), who interchanged with the TP&W at Effner, and the purchase allowed the PRR to move their western terminus to Keokuk, and to interchange with the CB&Q at Lomax. The CB&Q and the PRR both quickly became joint owners of the TP&W.[1]
By the early 1900s, the Peoria area became aprimary hub for multiple class I railroads with their own direct routes to the area, including the CB&Q and the PRR. The TP&W consequently began to operate at a financial loss from declining traffic, and in the mid-1920s, the railway fell under receivership.[1] During that time, the railway's passenger operations experienced ridership losses, since some newly pavedstate highway roads paralleled their trackage.[1] The CB&Q and the PRR both attempted to absorb the TP&W, but in 1926, the railway was purchased for $1.3 million by George P. McNear Jr., who was a formerNew York Central (NYC) executive and investor.[5]
George McNear became the TP&W's newest president, and he quickly brought the railway out of receivership by selling some of their property for $500,000, including a terminal facility to thePeoria and Pekin Union Railway, and he floated a bond issue for $800,000.[1][5] One of McNear's other tasks for the TP&W was the abandonment of their surplus CB&Q connection in Lomax, which was replaced with a new connection with theAtchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (Santa Fe).[6] The railway began marketing their operations as a bypass route around the congested railroad traffic ofChicago andSt. Louis, to which multiple surrounding railroads favored.[7][6]
The TP&W also worked to upgrade their equipment roster and to speed up their freight operations, and they discontinued their passenger and mail operations.[1] In 1937, the TP&W purchased six H-10 class4-8-4 "Northern" locomotives (Nos. 80–85) from theAmerican Locomotive Company (ALCO). The H-10s were the lightest 4-8-4s ever built for a North American railroad, weighing only 361,000 pounds (164 tonnes). They were equipped with 69-inch (1,800 mm) diameter driving wheels, 23.5-by-30-inch (600 mm × 760 mm) cylinders, and a boiler pressure of 250 psi (1,700 kPa), and they produced a tractive effort of 51,000 pounds-force (230 kN).[citation needed]
Under McNear's leadership, the TP&W became one of very few railroads in the United States to turn profits during theGreat Depression of the 1930s.[5] Despite his successful efforts to reorganize the TP&W, McNear became unpopular withlabor unions; McNear enforced his own personalized labor rules and methods, to which all thirteen of the TP&W-tied unions disagreed with, and they initiated multiple unsuccessful labor strikes to restore the railway's previous conventional rules.[5][7]
On December 28, 1941, another TP&W strike was initiated, after the TP&W announced a new wage scale and another new set of rules.[5] The strike was quickly stopped on March 21, 1942, when U.S. PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt ordered for thefederal government to confiscate control of the TP&W to have the railway aid the ongoingWorld War II effort, andJohn W. Barriger III was appointed their federal manager.[1][5][7] In 1945, when World War II ended, control of the TP&W was returned to George McNear, but the thirteen unions instantly reinitiated the strike, consequently shutting the railway down.[5]
The strike lasted for nineteen months, and it involved multiple shootings; on two separate occasions, some gun shots were fired into an automobile with non-union employees and into a locomotive cab; on February 6, 1946, some armed guards hired by the TP&W shot five strikers (two killed; three wounded) atGridley, Illinois.[5][7] In December 1946, federal judgeJ. Leroy Adair ordered for the TP&W to resume operations, and he issued aninjunction to prevent interference from strikers.[5]
On the night of March 10, 1947, George McNear was shot and killed while walking back to his home from aBradleyBraves basketball game during a power outage.[5] McNear's murder case remains unsolved, but it was believed to be connected to the lengthy strike.[6] Following McNear's death, the TP&W fell under control of McNear estate trustees, andFrisco Railway executive J. Russell Coulter became the TP&W's newest president.[7] In May 1947, Coulter restored most of the older labor rules, and the strike quickly ended.[7]
The labor strike disputes resulted in 50% of the TP&W's traffic being lost, and they resulted in some traffic employees and executives leaving the company, but by the early 1950s, the railway regained their lost traffic and profitability, under Coulter's leadership.[1] One task Coulter did for the TP&W was to purchase a fleet of ALCO andEMD diesel locomotives todieselize their roster, and the process was completed in October 1950.[8] The railway boosted the marketing of their operations as a bypass route and an originator for Peoria traffic, and they boosted their interchange traffic with the PRR, the Santa Fe, the CB&Q, theMinneapolis and St. Louis (M&StL), theNickel Plate Road (NKP), and the New York Central.[1]
_Leonard%2c_IL_on_July_22%2c_1962_(21829133963).jpg)
In January 1960, the PRR and the Santa Fe jointly purchased the TP&W from the McNear estate, with the two companies gaining an equal amount of shares.[9] During the 1960s, the TP&W experienced additional declining traffic from losses of interchange partners; in 1960, the Minneapolis and St. Louis was absorbed into theChicago and North Western (C&NW); in 1964, the NKP and the Wabash were absorbed into theNorfolk and Western Railway (N&W), with the Wabash providing a direct route toKansas City; and in 1968, the PRR and the NYC merged to createPenn Central (PC).[1]
During that time, the Santa Fe opened an alternate bypass route toStreator, Illinois, where they directly interchanged with the NYC.[1] The TP&W secured trackage rights over the Santa Fe between Lomax andFort Madison, Iowa, to preserve their interchangeability. By the end of 1970, the TP&W operated for 239 miles (385 km) over 323 miles (520 km) of trackage; that same year, they reported 520 million ton-miles of revenue freight.[citation needed]
In February 1970, the TP&W's Illinois River bridge in Peoria was collapsed by abarge tow. Since the railway was unable to afford to build a replacement, they were forced to gain trackage rights over the Peoria and Pekin Union's nearby bridge.[1] WhenConrail was formed in 1976, the former PRR line between Effner and Logansport, Indiana, was put up for abandonment, and the TP&W quickly purchased the line to preserve their eastern railroad connections.[6]
In 1979, the Santa Fe acquired the former PRR's interest in the TP&W from Conrail, making the TP&W the Santa Fe's wholly owned subsidiary. In 1981, in accordance with theStaggers Rail Act, Conrail closed their TP&W interchange in Logansport, in favor of their former NYC Streator connection, and the TP&W's traffic consequently further declined.[6]
The Santa Fe decided to reverse the TP&W's traffic losses by operatingintermodal container trains on their route, so in 1983, the TP&W installed theirHoosierlift Intermodal Terminal, which paralleledInterstate 65 nearRemington, Indiana.[10] The TP&W's Hoosierlift facility initially struggled to compete with the Santa Fe's own container terminal in Chicago, but within the following years, the TP&W's intermodal operations began turning profits. On December 31, 1983, the TP&W was absorbed into the Santa Fe and became part of their Illinois Division.[1] Absorbing the TP&W permitted the Santa Fe to abandon most of their Pekin Branch.[10]
On February 3, 1989, the Santa Fe sold the former TP&W right-of-way, along with a fleet of nineteenEMD GP20 locomotives, at an undisclosed cost to TP&W Acquisition, a corporation owned bySeaLand service director Gordon Fuller, and the TP&W Railway was revived as an independent company.[11][12] The acquisition was aleveraged buyout, and the TP&W was consequently in debt to multiple investment firms, includingToronto-Dominion Bank, but Fuller, who became the TP&W's newest president, opted to use the railway's profits to pay back the firms.[2]
Fuller located the TP&W's newest headquarters inBound Brook, New Jersey, since the headquarters of multiple shipping corporations were nearby. The TP&W subsequently developed interchange partnerships with other railroads, includingCSX Transportation inWatseka, theIllinois Central (IC) inGilman, and theSouthern Pacific (SP) inChenoa. They also began to interchange unit coal trains with CSX, but they quickly lost the contract to do so to the C&NW.[10]
By the mid-1990s, intermodal container operations accounted for 55% of the TP&W's total traffic, and most of the containers consisted of vehicle parts for the railway's primary customers: anIsuzu plant inLafayette, aMitsubishi plant inNormal, andCaterpillar.[10] The railway also regained their traffic around Logansport, since theWinamac Southern Railway (WSRY) was created to operate some abandoned Conrail trackage in northern Indiana.[10] Some of the TP&W's diesel locomotives were repainted in grey New York Central paint schemes, as a homage to the beginning of Fuller's railroad career at a NYC management training program and his former position as a Penn Central superintendent.[10]
In 1995, when the Santa Fe merged with theBurlington Northern Railroad (BN) to createBNSF, the TP&W was granted trackage rights over BN's line between Peoria and Galesburg.[13] In May that same year, Fuller sold a 40% interest of the TP&W to theNew York, Susquehanna and Western Railway (NYS&W) for $2.25 million, and the following year, theDelaware Otsego Corporation (DO), the NYS&W's parent company, assumed full control of the TP&W. Fuller became an executive vice president with DO to continue operating the TP&W.[2]
Under DO ownership, the TP&W began to serve as a western terminus for the NYS&W's own intermodal operations out of theNew York City area.[14] The TP&W's headquarters were relocated to DO's headquarters inCooperstown, New York, where DOdispatched all of their subsidiaries.[2] Nine of the TP&W's GP20s were rebuilt and repainted in the NYS&W's yellow-and-black paint scheme, and some of them were often transferred to operate for the NYS&W.[14][8] By 1998, the TP&W reportedly turned a revenue profit of $13.4 million and hauled over 59,000 freight and intermodal trains.
During that time, the NYS&W experienced some financial losses, since their intermodal traffic was on a decline.[15] In 1997, when it was announced that Conrail would be split between CSX andNorfolk Southern (NS), DO president and CEO Walter Rich explored ways to aid his fellow stockholders' demands.[14][15] Rich subsequently arranged to jointly purchase the majority of DO's shares with CSX and NS.[14][15] In August 1999, DO sold the TP&W toRailAmerica for $24 million.[8][16]
By 2010, the TP&W's traffic primarily consisted of agricultural products, including raw and processed grain products, chemical products, and completed tractors, but they were no longer operating intermodal trains.[17] In December 2012, Genesee & Wyoming Inc. (G&W) acquired RailAmerica, gaining ownership of the TP&W, and they began repainting all of their locomotives in G&W's orange-and-black paint scheme.[18]
On December 24, 1986, the Santa Fe sold a 28-mile (45 km) portion of the TP&W line between La Harpe and Keokuk, to the Keokuk Junction Railway (KJRY), which had been created to operate formerRock Island (RI) trackage in Keokuk.[19] The KJRY began serving acorn-processing plant owned by Roquette America.[19]
In March 1996, the KJRY became a subsidiary ofPioneer Railcorp.[19] On February 11, 2005, the KJRY completed their acquisition of the west end of the TP&W's line between La Harpe and Peoria, adding 76 miles (122 km) to the KJRY's network.
