35°22′34″N139°23′24″E / 35.375999°N 139.39009°E /35.375999; 139.39009
| Industry | Automotive |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1926 |
| Founder | Tetsuji Makita |
| Defunct | 1962 |
| Fate | Operations assumed byNissan Machinery in 1962 |
| Headquarters | Tokyo,Japan |
| Products | Automobiles, Commercial vehicles, Military vehicles |
Tokyu Kurogane Industries (東急くろがね工業,Tōkyū Kurogane Kōgyō), orKurogane,[1] was one of the first Japanese automakers. It built vehicles from about 1926 until 1962 when a subsidiary ofNissan, called Nissan Machinery (Nissan Koki Co., Ltd.日産工機), assumed operations as the company had become a member of theNissan Groupkeiretsu. The wordkurogane (くろがね or 鉄) is an old term foriron, and one of thekanji used in Mr. Makita's first name. Remnants of the company were calledNissan Machinery (Nissan Koki) until 1985, and operated as a separate entity withinNissan Techno (日産テクノ) until 2006, building and developing all of Nissan's current engines.
The company can be traced back to the small company Shūkōsha (秀工舎) founded by Tetsuji Makita (蒔田鉄司) in 1917, which was a parts supplier for bicycles and motorcycles.[1] Mr. Makita left the company in 1918 to work for Toyogawa Hayataya (豊川順彌) and the Hakuyosha Ironworks Company (白楊社), manufacturer of theOtomo car, having manufactured 300 by 1927. The company actively entered in the automobile market in the 1920s when Mr. Makita returned in 1926, and then merged with theJapan Automobile (Nihon Jidōsha), a subsidiary of theOkura (大倉財閥)zaibatsu, which changed its name toJapan Internal Combustion Engine Company Ltd. (日本内燃機株式会社) in 1932.[1] It then manufactured cars, motorcycles and three-wheeled trucks, orsanrin (三輪) under the Kurogane brand for theImperial Japanese Army inŌmori, Ōta, Tokyo. When thezaibatsu were dismantled after the war, Kurogane was realigned from remnants of theNissan Groupzaibatsu. Kurogane, like many other Japanese manufacturers prospered as a supplier for the United States Army during theKorean War, but when the conflict ended in 1953,Japan entered into a recession and smaller companies suffered as a result. It assumed operations of another company calledOhta Automobiles in 1957. In 1959, it became part of theTokyu Corporation as a manufacturer of cars, trucks and farm equipment[2] until Nissan assumed operations.
Former names and merged smaller companies includeJapan Internal Combustion Engine Co., Ltd., Japan Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Japan Automobile Industry Co., Ltd. (日本自動車),Japan Minicar Co., Ltd. (日本軽自動車) andTokyu Kurogane Industrial Co., Ltd.
When Kurogane began manufacturing vehicles, they were considered in Japan one of the surviving four original manufacturers, the other three beingDatsun,Isuzu, andMazda. For the brief time Kurogane produced vehicles, their market focus was on commercial vehicles for logistics and small business manufacturing transport. Kurogane found the commercial market crowded, competing with thePrince Homer,Nissan Diesel,Isuzu Elf,Mitsubishi Fuso Canter,Toyota Dyna and theHino TH-series. In 1963 when Nissan assumed operations, the Kurogane Mighty was re-branded with minor body changes as theDatsun Cablight (Japanese article). Kurogane management structure and assets were now under Nissan corporate structure, much the same as the arrangement when Nissan merged withPrince Motor Company, while the Kurogane name was not used. In 1964, Kurogane was no longer considered part of the Tokyu Corporation. The company became known as Nissan Machinery in 1970, with their efforts used for engine development.
Kurogane began building three-wheeled trucks in 1936. Based on theHarley-Davidson Servi-Car, they also used V-twin engines of various displacements to suit the weight categories. The biggest V-twin built by Kurogane was the 1360-cc VYA engine from the mid-1950s.[6] In 1958, a water-cooled, four-cylinder engine was introduced for the 1.5 t (3,300 lb) KS truck; this was the 1.3-L E-13 engine. As Mazda switched to water-cooled, inline-fours for their entire three-wheeled truck lineup, Kurogane soon followed suit and added the 1046-cc E-10 in 1959 and then the 1.5-L E-15 engine, which was also used in their four-wheeled vehicles.[6] Kurogane's heaviest three-wheelers were 2-tonne (4,400 lb) models like the KF and the later KY.[7]
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