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Tōzai Line (Tokyo Metro)

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Subway line in Japan
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Tōzai Line
A Tōzai Line 15000 series train
Overview
Other nameT
Native name東西線
OwnerThe logo of the Tokyo Metro.Tokyo Metro
Line number5
LocaleTokyo,Chiba prefectures
Termini
Stations23
Color on map    Sky blue
Service
SystemTokyo subway
Operator(s)Tokyo Metro
Depot(s)Fukagawa, Gyōtoku
Rolling stockTokyo Metro 05/05N series
Tokyo Metro 07 series
Tokyo Metro 15000 series
Tōyō Rapid 2000 series
JR East E231-800 series
Daily ridership1,499,589 (2024)[1]
History
Opened23 December 1964; 61 years ago (1964-12-23)
Last extension1969
Technical
Line length30.8 km (19.1 mi)
Number of tracks2
Track gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Minimum radius200 m (660 ft)
ElectrificationOverhead line, 1,500 V DC
Operating speed100 km/h (62 mph)
Train protection systemNew CS-ATC
Maximum incline4.0%
Route map

JC
JB01
East Japan Railway Company
JB07
JB
0.0T01
Nakano
JBJC
E
2.0T02
Ochiai
3.9T03
Takadanobaba
JY
F
5.6T04
Waseda
6.8T05
Kagurazaka
8.0T06
Iidabashi
8.7T07
Kudanshita
moat
 
9.7T08
Takebashi
10.7T09
Ōtemachi
JO
JC
JYTōhoku Shinkansen
Z
11.5T10
Nihombashi
A
12.0T11
Kayabachō
H
Ōshima River
Kawanishi tributary
E
13.8T12
Monzen-Nakachō
14.9T13
Kiba
Sōbu
Main Line
│
Fukagawa Depot
and workshop
15.8T14
Tōyōchō
Shiohama Canal
JR FreightSōbu Main Line
Etchūjima Freight Branch
17.0T15
Minami-Sunamachi
Arakawa-Nakagawa Bridge
Naka River
19.7T16
Nishi-Kasai
20.9T17
Kasai
22.8T18
Urayasu
24.0T19
Minami-Gyōtoku
25.5T20
Gyōtoku
26.8T21
Myōden
Gyōtoku Depot
28.9T22
Baraki-Nakayama
30.8T23
Nishi-Funabashi
JB30
JM
TR01
TR
JB33
Tsudanuma
TR09
Tōyō-Katsutadai
Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line train pulling intoWaseda Station in 2015

TheTōzai Line (東西線,Tōzai-sen;lit. 'East-West Line') is arapid transit line inTokyo andChiba Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated byTokyo Metro. The line runs betweenNakano inNakano-ku, Tokyo andNishi-Funabashi inFunabashi, Chiba Prefecture.

The Tōzai Line was referred to as Line 5 during the planning stages; the seldom-used official name is Line 5 Tōzai Line (5号線東西線,Go-gō-sen Tōzai-sen).

In 2024, the line carried a daily average of nearly 1.5 million passengers, making it the busiest line on theTokyo subway network. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the Tōzai Line is shown using the color "sky blue" and its stations are given numbers using the letter "T".

Overview

[edit]

The line runs through centralTokyo from east to west viaTakadanobaba,Waseda,Ōtemachi,Nihombashi,Kiba andUrayasu. It was opened as a bypass route for theChuo Rapid Line and theSobu Line, which were heavily congested at the time. It is the onlyTokyo Metro line to extend intoChiba Prefecture (although theShinjuku Line operated byToei also extends into Chiba Prefecture.) It also runs above-ground for 14 km (8.7 mi) fromMinami-Sunamachi toNishi-Funabashi, nearly half of the line and longer than any other railway line in theTokyo subway network.

The Tōzai Line featuresthrough services at both ends of the line. Trains run onto theJR EastChūō-Sōbu Line forMitaka at the western (Nakano) end, and onto either the Chūō-Sōbu Line forTsudanuma or theTōyō Rapid Railway Line forTōyō-Katsutadai at the eastern (Nishi-Funabashi) end.

According to theTokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation in 2018, the Tokyo Metro Tōzai Line continues to be most crowded subway line inTokyo, and the most crowded train line in all of Japan, with its peak running at 199% capacity[a] betweenKiba andMonzen-Nakachō stations.[2][3]Women-only cars were introduced on the line for use during morning rush hour on November 20, 2006.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, peak ridership dropped from a rate of 199% in 2019 to 123% in 2020.

History

[edit]
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Early years

[edit]

The original plan for what is now the Tōzai Line was included in a report by the Tokyo City and Area Transportation Research Committee (東京市内外交通調査委員会), which was established within theMinistry of Home Affairs in 1917. The proposal outlined a route connecting “Ikebukuro –Takadanobaba –Iidabashi –Otemachi –Susaki”.

In 1920, a construction patent for this route was granted to the Tokyo Railway (東京鉄道). However, following theGreat Kantō Earthquake of 1923, the patent was revoked along with those for other planned lines because construction had not yet commenced.

The route license for the Tōzai Line originates from the six municipal subway lines planned byTokyo City, the predecessor of today’sTokyo special wards, prior toWorld War II. The license was granted on May 16, 1925, under Ministry of Home Affairs Notification No. 56 of 1925 (大正14年内務省告示第56号).[4][5]

The present Tōzai Line corresponds to the former Line 5, which was authorized as a 14.2-kilometer route running from “Ikebukuro – Waseda – Iidamachi –Hitotsubashi – Tokyo – Eitaibashi – Susaki”.[5] As part of the initial phase of the Tokyo Municipal Subway project, Tokyo City planned to begin construction on Line 3 between Shibuya and Sugamo and on Line 5 between Ikebukuro and Susaki. However, due to the city’s substantial public debt and concerns over deteriorating finances, the Ministry of Home Affairs and theMinistry of Finance opposed the project, and construction approval was not granted.[4]

Following this setback, no further construction plans were pursued, and theTeito Rapid Transit Authority, commonly known as the Eidan Subway, was subsequently established. In 1941, all subway route licenses held by the Tokyo municipal government were transferred to the Teito Rapid Transit Authority in exchange for compensation.[4]

By contrast, the section corresponding to the present-dayTōyōchō toNishi-Funabashi segment was originally licensed to theTokyo Narishiba Electric Railway (東京成芝電気鉄道) prior to World War II. The application was approved in 1927, with the eastern terminus Tōyōchō designated as Higashi-hirai. However, this license ultimately expired in 1940 after construction failed to proceed.

Post-war construction

[edit]

The Tōzai Line was planned by a review committee of the then Ministry of Transportation in 1962 and numberedLine 5. Its name literally means "East-West Line", and it was primarily planned to relieve traffic on the busySōbu Main Line as well as provide a straight crosstown connection through north-central Tokyo. Although this corridor is also served by theTokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei)Shinjuku Line and JRKeiyō Line, the Tōzai Line continues to operate beyond capacity due to its accessibility to other lines, as well as to growingcondominium developments in eastern Tokyo.

TheTakadanobaba toKudanshita section opened in 1964,[6] and the remainder opened in stages until its completion in 1969. Through service with the thenJapanese National Railways (today part of theJR Group) – a first for a Tokyo subway line – began in 1969 connecting the Chūō and Sōbu lines. This is a rare situation in Tokyo, as the only other subway line with through services onto JR lines is theChiyoda Line.

Due to a surge in ridership on the Tōzai Line, the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) introduced 12 new-build 5000 series cars and transferred 50 from the Chiyoda Line in 1981 in an effort to increase capacity on the line. Rapid residential development in theUrayasu and Kasai areas further increased demand. In response, TRTA introduced rapid trains that ran non-stop betweenNishi-Funabashi andToyocho stations, and stopped at every station west ofUrayasu, in November 1986.[7]

TheTōyō Rapid Railway Line, effectively an eastward extension of the line, opened in 1996. It nevertheless remains a private entity to which the Tōzai lines offers through services.

Chronology

[edit]
  • March 16, 1966: The line is extended at both ends. It now runs between Nakano and Takebashi.
  • April 28, 1966: Through service to the Chūō Line of JNR commences as far as Ogikubo.
  • October 1, 1966: Takebashi to Ōtemachi section opens.
  • September 14, 1967: Ōtemachi to Tōyōchō section opens.
  • March 29, 1969: Tōyōchō to Nishi-Funabashi section opens and Rapid service begins (non-stop between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi).
  • April 8, 1969: Through service on the Chūō Line is extended to Mitaka, and through service begins on the Sōbu line to Tsudanuma.
  • April 8, 1972: Through service on the Sōbu Line is withdrawn except during rush hours.
  • 1975: Another type of Rapid service is introduced, calling at Urayasu between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi.
  • October 1, 1979: Nishi-Kasai station opens.
  • March 27, 1981: Minami-Gyōtoku station opens.
  • 1986: Commuter Rapid service is introduced, running non-stop between Urayasu and Nishi-Funabashi.
  • (April 1, 1987: JNR is privatised. The Chūō and Sōbu lines become the property of JR East.)
  • 1996: The Rapid service that runs non-stop between Tōyōchō and Nishi-Funabashi ceases.
  • April 27, 1996:Tōyō Rapid Line opens between Nishi-Funabashi and Tōyō-Katsutadai. Through service begins.
  • January 22, 2000: Myōden station opens.
  • April 1, 2004: Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA or Eidan) becomes Tokyo Metro.[8]
  • November 20, 2006:Women-only cars are introduced during morning rush hours.

Services

[edit]

The Tōzai Line was the first Tokyo Metro line on which express services run: two types of rapid trains skip some stations east of Toyocho. TheTokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line began services on June 14, 2008, and also features express services.

Through services toMitaka via the JR East Chūō Line andTōyō-Katsutadai via the Tōyō Rapid Railway run all day. Outside of rush hours, only local trains run through to the Chūō Line and only rapid trains run through to the Tōyō Rapid Railway. During the morning and evening peak periods, through services run toTsudanuma via the JR East Sōbu Line.

Stations

[edit]
List of Tozai line stations
  • Local trains stop at every station. Rapid trains stop at stations marked "●" and do not stop at those marked "｜". Some weekday westbound trains do not stop at stations marked "↑".
No.StationJapaneseDistance (km)Comm. RapidRapidTransfersLocation
Between
stations		From Nakano
↑Through-services to/fromMitaka via theJBChūō-Sōbu Line ↑
T01Nakano中野[* 1]–0.0●●NakanoTokyo
T02Ochiai落合2.02.0●● Shinjuku
T03Takadanobaba高田馬場1.93.9●●
T04Waseda早稲田1.75.6●●Toden Arakawa Line (Waseda)[* 2]
T05Kagurazaka神楽坂1.26.8●● 
T06Iidabashi飯田橋1.28.0●●Chiyoda
T07Kudanshita九段下0.78.7●●
T08Takebashi竹橋1.09.7●● 
T09Ōtemachi大手町1.010.7●●
T10Nihombashi日本橋0.811.5●●
Chūō
T11Kayabachō茅場町0.512.0●●HHibiya Line (H-13)
T12Monzen-Nakachō門前仲町1.813.8●●E Ōedo Line (E-15)Kōtō
T13Kiba木場1.114.9●● 
T14Tōyōchō東陽町0.915.8●● 
T15Minami-Sunamachi南砂町1.217.0●| 
T16Nishi-Kasai西葛西2.719.7●| Edogawa
T17Kasai[9]葛西1.220.9●| 
T18Urayasu浦安1.922.8●● UrayasuChiba
T19Minami-Gyōtoku南行徳1.224.0↑| Ichikawa
T20Gyōtoku行徳1.525.5↑| 
T21Myōden[9]妙典1.326.8↑| 
T22Baraki-Nakayama[9]原木中山2.128.9↑| Funabashi
T23Nishi-Funabashi西船橋[* 3]1.930.8●●
↓Through-services to/fromTōyō-Katsutadaivia theTRTōyō Rapid Railway Line ↓

or

↓Through-services to/fromTsudanumavia theJBChūō-Sōbu Line↓

  1. ^Nakano is shared by Tokyo Metro and JR East; JR East manages the station.
  2. ^Both the Tokyo Metro and Toei stations are displayed on station maps as being distant from one another, and they are not announced as transfer points for one another.
  3. ^Nishi-Funabashi is shared by Tokyo Metro, Tōyō Rapid Railway, and JR East; JR East and Tokyo Metro manage the station.

Rolling stock

[edit]

Present

[edit]

Tōzai Line trains are 10-car formations of 20-meter (65 ft 7 in)-long cars, with four doors per side and longitudinal seating. The maximum operating speed is 100 km/h (62 mph). Newer trains feature wide doors to allow for faster boarding times.

  • Tokyo Metro 05 series
    Tokyo Metro 05 series
  • Tokyo Metro 05N series
    Tokyo Metro 05N series
  • Tokyo Metro 07 series
    Tokyo Metro 07 series
  • Tokyo Metro 15000 Series
    Tokyo Metro 15000 Series
  • Toyo Rapid 2000 series
    Toyo Rapid 2000 series
  • JR East E231-800 series
    JR East E231-800 series

Past

[edit]
  • 5000 series with stainless steel body
    5000 series with stainless steel body
  • 5000 series with aluminium body
    5000 series with aluminium body
  • 8000 series
    8000 series
  • JR East 301 series in February 2003
    JR East 301 series in February 2003
  • JR East 103–1200 series
    JR East 103–1200 series
  • Tōyō Rapid 1000 series in September 2006
    Tōyō Rapid 1000 series in September 2006

Depots

[edit]
05N series EMU at Fukagawa Workshop
Fukagawa Depot, April 2021
  • Fukagawa Depot (深川検車区)
  • Gyōtoku Depot (深川検車区行徳分室)
  • Fukagawa Workshop (深川工場)

Notes

[edit]

a.^ Crowding levels defined by theMinistry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism:[10][11]

100% — Commuters have enough personal space and are able to take a seat or stand while holding onto the straps or hand rails.
150% — Commuters have enough personal space to read a newspaper.
180% — Commuters must fold newspapers to read.
200% — Commuters are pressed against each other in each compartment but can still read small magazines.
250% — Commuters are pressed against each other, unable to move.

References

[edit]
  • Shaw, Dennis and Morioka, Hisashi, "Tokyo Subways", published 1992 by Hoikusha Publishing
  1. ^Tokyo Metro station ridership in 2024Train Media (sourced from Tokyo Metro) Retrieved 26 December 2025.
  2. ^Metropolis,"Commute", June 12, 2009, p. 07. Capacity is defined as all passengers having a seat or a strap or door railing to hold on to.
  3. ^"Amount and a congestion rate of passengers who got on"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2019-09-20.
  4. ^abc"丸ノ内線建設史（上巻）".metroarchive.jp. pp. 19–24. Retrieved2026-01-26.
  5. ^ab"丸ノ内線建設史（上巻）".metroarchive.jp. pp. 295–299. Retrieved2026-01-26.
  6. ^"History".tokyometro.jp. Archived fromthe original on 2023-06-05. Retrieved2024-07-13.
  7. ^営団地下鉄東西線に8000系登場 [The 8000 series train debuts on the Eidan Tozai Line].Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 27, no. 319. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. November 1987. pp. 62–63.
  8. ^"「営団地下鉄」から「東京メトロ」へ" [From "Teito Rapid Transit Authority" to "Tokyo Metro"].Tokyo Metro Online (in Japanese). 2006-07-08. Archived fromthe original on 16 May 2012. Retrieved29 May 2022.
  9. ^abcThe local train stops to let the Rapid pass at this station.
  10. ^"混雑率の推移".
  11. ^Kikuchi, Daisuke (6 July 2017)."Tokyo plans new effort to ease commuter hell on rush-hour trains".The Japan Times.Archived from the original on 6 July 2017.

External links

[edit]
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